Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This randomized double-blind study of the metabolic effects of two low-dose oral contraceptives was conducted in 58 randomly selected Singaporean women. Study subjects were divided into two treatment groups: 1) norethisterone 1 mg/ethinyl estradiol 35 mcg (NET/EE) or levonorgestrel 150 mcg/ethinyl estradiol 30 mcg (LNG/EE) were given to 35 women; 2) a control group of 23 women using IUDs. Blood samples were taken on admission and at 3 and 12 months after pills or insertion of IUDs. Findings demonstrate a significant decrease in mean fasting glucose and in 2-hour glucose loading, while triglycerides were increased throughout the treatment period in the NET/EE group. The LNG/EE group only showed significant suppression of the 2-hour glucose loading at 12 months and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) cholesterol was significantly reduced by 12 months. Both groups had no change in hemoglobin, hematocrit and total protein levels, but alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and aspartate transaminase (SGOT) were decreased. Decreased albumin was observed in the NET/EE group, but not in the LNG/EE group. Changes in total HDL and LDL cholesterol and SGOT were not significantly different in the treatment group compared to the IUD group, except for the 2-hour glucose loading. There was no increase in the number of abnormal parameters after treatment. On the contrary, there was a reduction of abnormal values in most liver function parameters. Thus, except for glucose intolerance, the observed changes in metabolic parameters may not be of any clinical significance.
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PMID:Lipid and biochemical changes after low-dose oral contraception. 145 19

During the period 1950-1985, a total of 179 cases of clinically overt hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) were registered in Denmark, 140 males and 39 females. Median age at diagnosis was 55 years (range 29-81). Diagnostic approaches, symptoms and physical signs at discovery are described. All patients had grade 3-4 liver haemosiderin iron, and cirrhosis was present in 84%. Serum (S-) transaminase was elevated in 92%, S-alkaline phosphatase in 47% and S-bilirubin in 23%, while plasma prothrombin time was below normal in 34%. Females had higher alkaline phosphatase than males (p less than 0.05). Bone marrow haemosiderin iron (n = 81) showed no relation to iron status indicators and was unsuitable as a diagnostic tool. Skin biopsy (n = 56) was positive for haemosiderin iron in 67% and for melanin in 57%, but was of limited value in the assessment of HH. Arthropathy was registered in 44%; arthralgias and clinical joint abnormalities occurred more frequently in females than in males (p less than 0.05). Latent diabetes mellitus was found in 34% and overt diabetes in 55%, being more frequent in males than in females (p less than 0.05). Other endocrine abnormalities were seen in 66%. Cardiac failure was observed in 9% and abnormal ECG in 35%. Males had higher haemoglobin (p less than 0.0001) and S-iron (p less than 0.01) than females, while S-transferrin, transferrin saturation, S-ferritin and mobilizable iron stores showed no significant sex differences. Median transferrin saturation was 87% (range 52-100); values greater than 62% were observed in 96% of the patients. Median S-ferritin was 3,400 micrograms/l (800-12,700) and median iron stores 14.8 g (4.5-36.4).
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PMID:Hereditary haemochromatosis in Denmark 1950-1985. Clinical, biochemical and histological features in 179 patients and 13 preclinical cases. 191 39

The rate of occurrence of postoperative hyperbilirubinemia (PHB) following esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer was 67%, 115/171 cases, which was significantly higher than those following total gastrectomy (28%, 40/144 cases) and colectomy (12%, 7/59 cases). Among the operative procedures, right thoracotomy with extensive lymphoadenectomy had the highest rate of PHB (87%), perhaps due to the longest operation time and the largest intraoperative blood loss. Preoperative risk factors were glucose intolerance, reduced lymphocyte count, and poor nutritional state. The change in bile acid composition, as well as the elevation of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, indicated the presence of postoperative cholestasis which was relevant to total parenteral nutrition. The results suggest that the development of PHB was related to the extent of surgery and the use of parenteral nutrition.
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PMID:Postoperative hyperbilirubinemia after resection of thoracic esophageal cancer. 212 20

Subacute thyroiditis is generally thought to be a self-limited inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland. This paper describes serial observations on the clinical course of a typical patient with subacute thyroiditis. This patient showed specific features of destructive thyrotoxicosis with increases in the serum levels of acute phase reactants and in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. She also showed signs of liver dysfunction [slightly increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP)], slight anemia, glucose intolerance, increased pancreatic enzymes, splenomegaly, and an increase in peripheral Leu 7 positive (NK/K) cells. These abnormalities all improved with recovery from disease. These findings indicate that in this patient with subacute thyroiditis inflammation is not limited to the thyroid gland but also involves the liver, pancreas and spleen. Thus the subacute thyroiditis in this patient may be a systemic multi-organ disease.
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PMID:Subacute thyroiditis associated with systemic multi-organ disorders. 263 13

The effects of oral contraceptives of varied estrogen/progestin composition on clinical measurements of hepatic, thyroid, and renal function and carbohydrate metabolism were examined in 1,355 women in the Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. In general, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels are lower with both oral contraceptives and postmenopausal estrogen use, suggesting an estrogen effect. The least bilirubin reduction is seen with a progestin dominant oral contraceptive. A significant decrement in aspartate aminotransferase is observed in users of one high estrogen dose oral contraceptive and in postmenopausal Premarin users, while aspartate aminotransferase is higher in postmenopausal users of higher dose ethinyl estradiol. Globulins are slightly higher in all hormone use categories, suggesting an estrogen effect on hepatic secretion of this protein class into the circulation. Fasting glucose concentrations are generally slightly lower even in the progestin dominant oral contraceptives, where glucose intolerance has been described. Thyroxine concentrations are generally elevated in all women using oral contraceptives. A relationship to estrogen dose is seen in women with thyroxine concentrations greater than the 99th percentile and in postmenopausal estrogen users. Creatinine concentration is greater with the use of Ovral, a progestin dominant oral contraceptive, and lower with two estrogen dominant oral contraceptives and Premarin, suggesting a competitive effect of estrogen and progestin. Among the clinical laboratory tests considered here, oral contraceptive effects seem to be largely estrogen mediated with a suggestion of competitive effect of estrogen versus progestin only on bilirubin and creatinine levels. These observations differ from lipoproteins where opposing hormonal effects are more clearly reflected in changing lipoprotein concentrations.
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PMID:Effect of estrogen/progestin potency on clinical chemistry measures. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. 394 98

The case of a surgical patient with a full blown syndrome of zinc deficiency is presented and the various implications related to a deficiency of this trace mineral are discussed. The symptomatology involved mental depression, visual disturbances, glucose intolerance, decreased serum alkaline phosphatase levels, wound healing impairment, eczematoid dermatitis and reduced humoral and cellular immune defences. Oral supplementation with zinc sulphate dramatically reversed the signs and symptoms of the syndrome and resulted in rapid wound healing. This case seems to have exhibited most of the different signs and symptoms reported from time to time in the literature. Awareness of zinc deficiency is being brought to light in many medical and surgical conditions. Total parenteral nutrition (T.P.N.) can exacerbate the lack of this trace metal and supplementation with fresh blood derivate are, as demonstrated, useless in these cases. Zinc, as component of various metalloenzymes, accounts for the clinical manifestations of its deficiency.
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PMID:First full blown syndrome of acute zinc deficiency in course of long term total parenteral nutrition: a clinical case. 643 15

Growth hormone (GH) has recently been shown to affect polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocyte (PMN) function and to be secreted by mononuclear cells, indicating that the hormone may be active in an immunophysiologic network, acting as an endo- or paracrine priming agent. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the chemotactic responsiveness of canine peripheral PMN in a dog with acromegaly, caused by spontaneous, progesterone-induced hypersecretion of GH and, secondary to this, a seven-fold increase in insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). The chemotactic responsiveness towards zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) was evaluated at a time when the dog suffered from acromegaly and again 57 days after corrective surgery (ovariohysterectomy). The experiments showed that PMN from the patient exhibited enhanced chemotactic migration that appeared to be associated with the hypersomatotropic condition as judged from the reversibility of the phenomenon. The glucose intolerance and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase that were observed in the acromegalic dog were also shown to be reversible following surgery.
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PMID:Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocyte chemotactic hyperresponsiveness in a case of canine acromegaly. 823 7

Amylin is a 37-amino-acid polypeptide synthesized in and secreted from pancreatic beta cells along with insulin. Its biological actions include the slowing and reduction of postmeal increases in plasma glucose concentrations. Studies of the basic amylin biology in humans have been hampered by the lack of a rapid, sensitive assay capable of measuring physiological concentrations of amylin in small volumes of plasma. We report here two sandwich-type immunoassays that use pairs of monoclonal antibodies, the fluorescent substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate, and the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. The minimum detectable concentration of amylin in 50 microL of plasma was 0.5 to 2 pmol/L, and the dynamic range was 2 to 100 pmol/L. The assays had average intraassay CVs of <10%, average interassay CVs of <15%, and good linearity on dilution and recovery of added amylin. The two assays use the same detection antibody, which binds to the carboxyl terminus of the molecule, but different capture antibodies. One of the assays measures only human amylin; the other also detects amylin-like peptides. Examples of measurements in human plasma are provided in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and in nondiabetic controls.
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PMID:Development of sensitive immunoassays to detect amylin and amylin-like peptides in unextracted plasma. 860 63

Vitamin D deficiency reduces insulin secretion and still occurs in East London Asians in whom the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is at least four times that of Caucasians. Vitamin D status was assessed in 44 of 65 non-diabetic subjects 'at risk' of diabetes (spot blood glucose level >6.0 mmol/l <2 h post cibum, or>4.6 mmol/l >2 h post cibum on two separate occasions) and in 15 of 60 age and sex-matched 'low-risk' control subjects who attended for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after screening of 877 omnivorous subjects not known to have diabetes. It was found that 95% of at-risk and 80% of low-risk subjects were vitamin D deficient (serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D <11 ng/ml). Diabetes was present in 16, impaired glucose tolerance in 12 and normoglycaemia in 19 at-risk subjects, imparied glucose tolerance in 2, and normoglycaemia in 13 low-risk subjects. Correlation of 30-min OGTT blood glucose, specific insulin and C-peptide levels with 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentrations in 44 at-risk subjects were -0.31 (p=0.04), 0.59 (p=0.0001) and 0.44 (p=0.006). In 15 'not-at-risk' subjects 30-min OGTT specific insulin and C-peptide levels correlated with 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, r=0.39 (p=0.04) and 0.16 (p=0.43), respectively. Serum alkaline phosphatase concentration was higher in at-risk than not-at-risk subjects (59.6 vs 46.5 IU/l, p=0.012); corrected calcium concentrations were comparable (2.38 vs 2.39 mmol/l, p=0.7). Following treatment with 100,000 IU vitamin D by i.m. injection, specific insulin, C-peptide [30 min on OGTT] and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentrations had risen 8-12 weeks later [mean +/- DS] from 57 +/- 62 to 96.2 +/- 82.4 mU/l [p=0.0017], 1.0 +/- 0.4 to 1.7 +/- 0.8 pmol/ml [p=0.001] and 3.6 +/- 1.8 to 13.5 +/- 7.4 ng/ml [p=0.0001], (but not to low-risk group values of 179 +/- mU/l, 2.7 +/- 1.14 pmol/ml and 8.16 +/- 6.4 ng/ml), respectively. Both total serum alkaline phosphatase and corrected calcium concentrations rose following vitamin D treatment in the at-risk subjects by 11.1 +/- 8.22 (from 44 to 55 IU/l) and 0.15 +/- 0.18, (2.43 to 2.57 mmol/l), respectively (p=0.004). Abnormal glucose tolerance was unchanged by vitamin D treatment. The value of early and sustained repletion with vitamin D in diabetes prophylaxis should be examined in communities where vitamin D depletion is common.
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PMID:Glucose intolerance and impairment of insulin secretion in relation to vitamin D deficiency in east London Asians. 869 Jan 78

Diuretics typically provoke increased serum lipid levels and may provoke increased serum uric acid levels and/or glucose intolerance. Furosemide is widely used as an antihypertensive, but in patients for whom furosemide treatment alone proves insufficient to reduce hypertension, a common procedure is to co-administer the angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril. The metabolic effects in rats of joint administration of furosemide (15 mg/kg/day) and captopril (2 mg/kg/day) are evaluated over a two-week period. At the end of this period, the serum levels of lipids, uric acid, bilirubin, proteins and various enzymes were determined as well as the effect of the treatment on intestinal absorption of glucose and calcium. Furosemide/captopril led to an increase in serum albumin and alkaline phosphatase levels, and a decrease in triglyceride levels. The results of this work support the view that this drug combination is suitable for hypertension treatment.
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PMID:Metabolic effects of the combination of furosemide and captopril in rat. 887 Jan 6


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