Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A burned guinea-pig model (30 per cent body surface area) was used to study the effects of dietary vitamin A. Sixty-five female guinea-pigs were infused enterally via gastrostomy feeding tubes with identical formulate (175 kcal/kg/day, 20 per cent of calories as protein) containing varying amounts of vitamin A. Groups I, II, III and IV received formulae containing 0, 10,000 iu (approximately equivalent to the guinea-pigs' RDA), 50,000 iu (5 x RDA) and 250,000 iu (25 x RDA) of vitamin A per litre, respectively. After 14 days of tube feeding, the animals were killed. Group I animals had evidence of vitamin A deficiency including low haemoglobin levels, lower red blood cell counts and lower caecal mucosal weight. Findings of hypervitaminosis A were observed only in animals given the highest dose of vitamin A (25 x RDA). These were elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and complement C3 levels and enlarged adrenal glands. Group IV also showed defective cell-mediated immunity as reflected by reduced delayed cutaneous response to dinitrofluorobenzene. In a second experiment groups I, II, III and IV were given formulas containing 0, 1 x RDA, 5 x RDA, and 10 x RDA of vitamin A respectively for 14 days. Through postburn days 12 to 14 they were injected subcutaneously with 3 x 10(8) of Staphylococcus aureus once daily. On postburn day 15 the animals were killed and the numbers of viable bacteria at each injection site were counted. No significant differences were observed in viable bacterial numbers between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of vitamin A in enteral formulae for burned guinea-pigs. 212 24

The relationship was explored between anomalies associated with developmental disabilities and nutritional status of institutionalized children and adolescents who received comprehensive interdisciplinary services. Variables included dietary intake, serum laboratory values, anthropometric measurements, feeding skills assessment, and clinical assessment. Mean intakes of nutrients were greater than 67% of Recommended Daily Allowances. Laboratory values were within normal ranges with the exceptions of serum ferritin, which was borderline or below normal in 46% of the males and 55% of the females, and alkaline phosphatase, which was elevated in 70% of residents receiving anticonvulsants. Energy intake was highest in residents with adequate feeding skills, followed by nonfeeders and feeders requiring behavior management. Subjects had greater triceps skinfold and lower mid-arm muscle circumference and weight measurements as compared to reference data. Findings of this study suggest that these developmentally disabled children and adolescents who received comprehensive interdisciplinary nutritional services, in general, are adequately nourished and have nutrient intakes that meet the RDA requirements.
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PMID:Nutritional status of institutionalized children and adolescents with developmental disabilities. 292 78

Researchers have shown through epidemiological surveys that osteoporosis results in hip, vertebra, or long bone fractures in at least 10% of women over 50 years of age. The primary objective of this study was to determine calcium intake and bone mineral content in lactating women in their later childbearing years. Eight lactating women over 37 years of age were compared with eight nulliparous women to determine differences in dietary intake of energy, protein, vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus. Anthropometric measurements, bone density measurements, serum calcium, serum phosphate, and serum alkaline phosphatase measurements were made at 2 weeks and 6 weeks postpartum. Intakes of protein, vitamin D, and calcium were significantly lower in the diets of control women. No significant differences were found in biochemical analysis (except for a significantly lower serum phosphorus in the control group of women), bone density, nutrition assessment, or physical assessment between lactating and control groups. Thus, when dietary calcium intake is greater than the RDA for lactating women, bone mineral content is not affected during the first 6 weeks of lactation.
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PMID:Calcium intake and bone density of lactating women in their late childbearing years. 359 36

Sixty-two outpatients were assessed and divided into the following groups: 20 patients who had had partial gastrectomy (PG group), 22 patients who had had truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (TV group) or high selective vagotomy (HSV group), and 20 patients who had had cholecystectomy (CH group). The patients' age ranged from 35 to 64 years (mean 45 years), and the average postoperative period was 9 years. None of the patients evidenced clinical or biochemical symptoms of malnutrition or malabsorption or of diseases affecting vitamin D metabolism. The function of the kidneys and the liver was normal. An age-matched group of volunteers served as a control group. The calcium dietary intake was determined using a standardized questionnaire; and the levels of serum calcium (Cas), phosphate (Ps), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and the excretion of Ca in a sample of fasting urine corrected for concurrent creatine excretion (FuCa/cr) were assessed by means of standard laboratory techniques. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (L2-4) and femoral neck (neck-L) was determined by means of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The daily Ca dietary intake was lower than recommended (RDA) in 80% of the patients, with most of them ingesting less than 300 mg daily. The mean values of Cas, Ps, AP, and FuCa/cr did not differ from those in the controls. Significantly reduced 25(OH)D levels were observed in the PG group (7.0 ng/ml) (p < 0.001) and CH group (12.5 ng/ml) (p < 0.01) compared with the values in the control group (20.0 ng/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Calcium/phosphate/vitamin D homeostasis and bone mass in patients after gastrectomy, vagotomy, and cholecystectomy. 767 6

Evidence suggests that weight-bearing exercise during the growing years may enhance peak bone mass. The purpose of this study was to compare ultrasound bone measurements, serum alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP), serum osteocalcin (S-OC), and dietary calcium in highly active and normal healthy male children. Subjects were 33 elite and subelite male gymnasts and 40 normoactive controls matched for age (9.4 +/- 1.1 years), height (133.9 +/- 5.9 cm), and weight (30.1 +/- 3.8 kg). Measurements of broadband ultrasound attenuation (dB/MHz) through the calcaneus (CBUA) and ultrasound velocity (m/s) through the calcaneus (CVOS), distal radius (RVOS), and proximal phalanx of the index finger (PVOS) were performed using a Contact Ultrasonic Bone Analyzer (CUBA Research). Gymnasts had significantly greater CVOS (P < 0.001), RVOS (P < 0.0001), and PVOS (P < 0.05). There were no differences in CBUA, S-ALP, or S-OC between groups. RVOS correlated significantly with dietary calcium intake in all subjects (P < 0.05) and training time in the gymnasts (P < 0.05). Though gymnasts had significantly greater calcium intakes than controls (P < 0.05), whose mean value was below the RDA, after controlling for calcium intake in the gymnasts alone, RVOS was still significantly correlated with training time (P < 0.05). These preliminary results suggest that the heavy musculoskeletal loading inherent in gymnastics training produces positive adaptive responses in the growing skeleton. Furthermore, ultrasound appears to provide a safe, noninvasive means of comparing the skeletal status of exercising and normal healthy children, whereas single samples of biochemical markers did not discriminate between the groups.
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PMID:Influence of high impact loading on ultrasound bone measurements in children: a cross-sectional report. 911 54

The intensity and direction of soil biochemical process can be reflected by soil enzyme. The relationship between enzyme activity of soil and environmental factors is deeply studied in this paper, which can contribute to explore the soil ecological process and to provide scientific evidence for scientific regulation of soil system. Soil samples from new cropland, ten-years cropland, thirty-years cropland, orchard, plantation, natural forest, grassland, saline land and desert in the upper reaches of the Tarim River were collected. The relationships between soil enzyme activities and environmental factors were analyzed by traditional statistics and redundancy analysis ( RDA) . The results showed that soil enzyme activities in this area were low, with the average of enzyme properties as follows: catalase, urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase, with activity of 4. 27 mL . g -1, 0. 34 mg . g -1, 2. 08 mL . g -1 and 0. 08 mg . g -1, respectively. According to the RDA results, the total nitrogen, organic matter, available potassium, soil moisture and total salt were significantly correlated with enzyme activity while a relatively significant correlationship between bulk density and enzyme activity was found. There was no significant correlationship between available potassium/pH and enzyme activity. The importance of environmental factors to soil enzyme activities could be arranged as total nitrogen > organic matter > available potassium > soil moisture > total salt > bulk density > available potassium > pH.
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PMID:[Soil Enzyme Activities and Their Relationships to Environmental Factors in a Typical Oasis in the Upper Reaches of the Tarim River]. 2648 41