Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein of bone (BGP) is an abundant noncollagenous protein of mammalian bone. BGP has a molecular weight of 5,800 and contains three residues of the vitamin K-dependent amino acid, gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. We have applied a radioimmunoassay based on calf BGP for the measurement of the protein in the plasma of 109 normal humans and 112 patients with various bone diseases. BGP in human plasma was demonstrated to be indistinguishable from calf BGP by assay dilution studies and gel permeation chromatography. The mean (+/- SE) concentration of BGP in normal subjects was 6.78 (+/- 0.20) ng/ml, 7.89 (+/- 0.32) for males and 4.85 (+/- 0.35) for females. Plasma BGP was increased in patients with Paget's disease of bone, bone metastases, primary hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, and osteopenia. Plasma BGP did correlate with plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) in some instances, but there were dissociations between the two. It was additionally observed that patients with liver disease had normal plasma BGP despite increased plasma AP, a reflection of the lack of specificity of AP measurements for bone disease. Our studies indicate that the radioimmunoassay of plasma BGP can be a useful and specific procedure for evaluating the patient with bone disease.
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PMID:New biochemical marker for bone metabolism. Measurement by radioimmunoassay of bone GLA protein in the plasma of normal subjects and patients with bone disease. 696 55

Three children with primary hyperparathyroidism, confirmed at operation, are reported. The generalized skeletal changes with pathological fractures are leading in two of them, necessitating a long-term orthopedic treatment. Big solitary adenomas were found at operation. The disease, in the third child, had the course of nephrolithiasis. Hyperplasia of all four parathyroid bodies with light cells was established at operation. The biochemical deviations are typical in all three children undergone operations: hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase with increased excretion of calcium and phosphorus in urine.
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PMID:[Primary hyperparathyroidism in childhood and adolescence]. 710 84

A 23-year-old man with primary hyperparathyroidism which was typical except for reduced alkaline phosphatase activity is reported. Histological examination of surgical specimens revealed chief cell hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. Systemic abnormalities of alkaline phosphatase were demonstrated, i.e., marked reduction of all isoenzymes and undetectable osseous enzyme in the serum, abnormal distribution of the enzyme in hepatocytes and diminished enzyme activities in leukocytes. In addition, diminished bone remodeling activity was revealed in a biopsy specimen of the rib. The association of hypophosphatasia is highly unlikely, because of normal urinary excretion of phosphoethanolamine, lack of osteomalacia, and no indication of an hereditary factor. The causal relationship between low remodeling activity and abnormalities in alkaline phosphatase was suggested.
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PMID:A case of primary hyperparathyroidism with low serum alkaline phosphatase levels. 723 19

A 2-compartmental analysis of 47Ca kinetics was carried out in 21 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and 7 healthy control subjects. The results were compared with serum concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH). The well known increase in exchangeable calcium was found to be not uniform in its subcompartments and with a marked predominance of the osseous fraction. The most important result was the increase of calcium efflux from osseous into extraosseous exchangeable calcium in agreement with the results of Talmage et al. studying PTH actions on calcium flux rates between blood and bone in rats. The increased calcium efflux in pHPT was the only kinetic parameter correlated with serum iPTH. Neither increased calcium accretion indicating high bone turnover, nor serum calcium concentrations and exchangeable calcium fractions correlated with serum iPTH. These results lead to the following conclusions: radiocalcium kinetics provides valuable parameters of bone calcium turnover (osseous exchangeable calcium, bone-calcium efflux, and calcium accretion). Calcium efflux from exchangeable bone calcium, determined kinetically, might be related to PTH induced calcium transport from bone fluid compartment to extracellular fluids according to the concept of Talmage 1977.
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PMID:Bone calcium exchange in primary hyperparathyroidism as measured by 47calcium kinetics. 741 56

A 70-year-old woman had swelling of her left superior orbital ridge. A tumor was surgically removed, and histologic examination disclosed a tumor containing giant cells. Subsequent tests showed primary hyperparathyroidism caused by a carcinoma of the parathyroid. This rare instance of brown tumor of the orbit led us to review the differential diagnoses of giant-cell lesions of the orbit and to examine published case reports. Laboratory determinations of serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels for all patients with lytic orbital bone lesions can establish whether they have hyperparathyroidism, a diagnosis making orbital surgery unnecessary.
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PMID:Brown tumor of the orbit associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. 742 56

Serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (s-PTH) calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were measured during treatment with furosemide or bumetanide for congestive heart failure. Significant elevations both of s-PTH and alkaline phosphatase were found, whereas serum calcium concentration was decreased. The changes were not related to the dose of drug or to the duration of treatment. It is concluded that treatment with furosemide or bumetanide may cause hypocalcaemia, resulting in elevation of s-PTH. The increased concentration of alkaline phosphatase may indicate accelerated bone remodelling, as found in primary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Elevated serum parathyroid hormone concentration during treatment with high ceiling diuretics. 743 60

Bone alkaline phosphatase was evaluated by wheat-germ lectin precipitation in several clinical conditions. The study included 33 premenopausal healthy women, 46 postmenopausal apparently healthy women, 19 growing children, 24 patients with Paget's disease, 31 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and 66 patients with hepatobiliary diseases. In postmenopausal women the mean T score (i.e.: the number of SD below or above the mean for premenopausal women) was 2.6 +/- 1.3 (SD) for bone alkaline phosphatase and 1.61 +/- 1.21 for total alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.001). The T score for bone alkaline phosphatase provided a better discrimination from normals for both Paget's disease (22.1 +/- 27.8 versus 12.8 +/- 16 p < 0.001) and primary hyperparathyroidism (8.2 +/- 4.3 versus 4.6 +/- 3.7 p < 0.005 for bone alkaline phosphatase and total alkaline phosphatase respectively). After treatment with intravenous bisphosphonate the percent decrease of bone alkaline phosphatase was larger than that of total alkaline phosphatase both in patients with Paget's disease (-46% versus -72% p < 0.01) and in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (-21% versus -47% p < 0.02) and an estimate of the precision (delta mean/SD of the delta mean) for bone alkaline phosphatase was 1.9-3.7 times higher than that of total alkaline phosphatase. In twelve osteoporotic patients treated for six months with oral alendronate the decrease in bone turnover was detected with significantly higher precision with bone alkaline phosphatase than with total alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical utility of a wheat-germ precipitation assay for determination of bone alkaline phosphatase concentrations in patients with different metabolic bone diseases. 754 50

Pyridinoline (Pyr), a specific bone resorption marker, is usually assessed in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after acid hydrolysis and a prepurification step. Immunoassays have been developed to measure urinary Pyr directly. Here we developed and evaluated an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), specific for the urinary free Pyr form, in normal adults and in patients with metabolic bone diseases. Urinary Pyr excretion increased significantly with age for men (r = 0.288; p < 0.001) and for women (r = 0.362; p < 0.001). An average 55% increase was noted between premenopausal (n = 41) and early postmenopausal (n = 42) women (mean +/- 1 SD; 22.4 +/- 6.3 nmol Pyr/mmol creatinine and 34.7 +/- 16.8 nmol Pyr/mmol creatinine, respectively; p < 0.001). High Pyr levels were found in patients with hyperthyroidism (n = 29; 126.5 +/- 84.2 nmol Pyr/mmol creatinine), Paget's disease of bone (n = 30; 61.8 +/- 45.8 nmol Pyr/mmol creatinine), and primary hyperparathyroidism (n = 10; 57.4 +/- 23.9 nmol Pyr/mmol creatinine). In patients with Paget's disease, urinary free Pyr excretion was correlated with urinary hydroxyproline, the conventional bone resorption marker (r = 0.87; p < 0.001), and with total alkaline phosphatase, a marker of bone formation (r = 0.55; p < 0.005). Free Pyr measured by ELISA was highly correlated with total Pyr and with total deoxypyridinoline HPLC measurements in postmenopausal women (n = 35; r = 0.94 and 0.91, respectively) and in patients with metabolic bone diseases (n = 22; r = 0.91 and 0.88, respectively; p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Assessment of urinary pyridinoline excretion with a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in normal adults and in metabolic bone diseases. 760 7

If serum intact PTH levels are increased in hypercalcemic patients with malignant disorders, most likely diagnosis is malignant diseases associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. Ectopic PTH-producing tumors are extremely rare. When a patient with hypercalcemic crisis is admitted to emergency room, palpation of the neck and echographic examination of parathyroid tumors give most rapid and valuable findings. Laboratory data such as Ca, P, HCO3-, Cl, alkaline phosphatase and blood counts are of no value.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy-associated hypercalcemia]. 775 88

Changes in cortical and trabecular bone mass occurring in primary hyperparathyroidism are the subject of controversy. We measured the total and regional bone mass in a group of patients and controls and analyzed the observed changes with respect to sex and other characteristics. Parathormone, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, tubular resorption of phosphates, alkaline phosphatase, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase differed significantly (p < 0.001 for all) between patients and controls. All the patients had significantly less total and regional bone mass; the regional bone mass of the arms did not differ. When analyzed according to sex, we found that women had a significant reduction in bone mass in all the zones studied (p < 0.001), whereas men had a significant decrease in bone mass only in the head (p < 0.025). Our findings show that hyperparathyroidism is accompanied by a loss of bone mass except in the arms, and that predominantly both cortical bone (legs, pelvis and skull) and trabecular bone (trunk) are affected. This means that the skeleton suffers generalized bone loss and a significant reduction in total body calcium content. Although we did not study many men, their bone involvement was less intense, and there was a clear difference between the sexes in this respect.
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PMID:Total and regional bone mineral content in primary hyperparathyroidism: sex differences. 781 98


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