Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was designed to evaluate the interaction between protein malnutrition, gossypol treatment and blood parasitosis (Trypanosoma brucei) in the Wistar rat. Haematological and serum biochemical changes were evaluated in the rats, which were placed on two planes of nutrition--low protein (LP) and normal protein (NP)--and either treated with gossypol or infected with Trypanosoma brucei, or both. Higher parasitaemia occurred in gossypol-treated NP rats than in the corresponding LP group. Gossypol treatment and trypanosomal infection, either alone or in concert, caused an anaemia that was both macrocytic and hypochromic. Both treatments together also caused increases in serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities, which were accompanied by depressed serum albumin concentrations, suggestive of hepatic dysfunction in affected rats. These results suggest that, with adequate protein intake, the growth and infectivity of trypanosomes is not inhibited by gossypol but that protein malnutrition has a beneficial effect of reduced parasitaemia. Unfortunately, this beneficial effect is counteracted by gossypol enhancement of hepatic dysfunction caused by trypanosomes.
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PMID:The effects of protein malnutrition and experimental infection with Trypanosoma brucei on gossypol treatment in the rat: haematological and serum biochemical changes. 759 58

Sixty-two outpatients were assessed and divided into the following groups: 20 patients who had had partial gastrectomy (PG group), 22 patients who had had truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (TV group) or high selective vagotomy (HSV group), and 20 patients who had had cholecystectomy (CH group). The patients' age ranged from 35 to 64 years (mean 45 years), and the average postoperative period was 9 years. None of the patients evidenced clinical or biochemical symptoms of malnutrition or malabsorption or of diseases affecting vitamin D metabolism. The function of the kidneys and the liver was normal. An age-matched group of volunteers served as a control group. The calcium dietary intake was determined using a standardized questionnaire; and the levels of serum calcium (Cas), phosphate (Ps), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and the excretion of Ca in a sample of fasting urine corrected for concurrent creatine excretion (FuCa/cr) were assessed by means of standard laboratory techniques. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (L2-4) and femoral neck (neck-L) was determined by means of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The daily Ca dietary intake was lower than recommended (RDA) in 80% of the patients, with most of them ingesting less than 300 mg daily. The mean values of Cas, Ps, AP, and FuCa/cr did not differ from those in the controls. Significantly reduced 25(OH)D levels were observed in the PG group (7.0 ng/ml) (p < 0.001) and CH group (12.5 ng/ml) (p < 0.01) compared with the values in the control group (20.0 ng/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Calcium/phosphate/vitamin D homeostasis and bone mass in patients after gastrectomy, vagotomy, and cholecystectomy. 767 6

The causes for low serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (reference range 30-115 U/L) in a large Veterans Medical Center were reviewed. Of 69,864 ALP determinations made over a 4-year period, 130 were low (< 30 U/L, 0.19%), representing 88 individual patients. Of these, 83 (primarily men, 96%) patients' charts were reviewed and classified into two groups, those with and those without conditions previously reported to be associated with decreased serum ALP activity: 47% had conditions associated with low ALP activity, the most frequent being cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (26.5%), malnutrition (12.0%), magnesium deficiency (4.8%), hypothyroidism (2.4%), and severe anemia (1.2%); 53% of patients did not have clinical conditions previously associated with low ALP activity. No case of clinically apparent hypophosphatasia, for which low ALP activity is the defining characteristic, was found in this population of veterans. A low serum ALP may be of significance in other patient populations such as children, where it is associated with achondroplasia and cretinism, or in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis taking estrogen replacement therapy. In the predominantly adult male population in this study, low ALP activity was rare; it was seen most frequently in cardiac surgery patients postoperatively, a clinical condition heretofore not commonly associated with low serum ALP activity.
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PMID:Significance of low serum alkaline phosphatase activity in a predominantly adult male population. 772 Feb 39

We evaluated the rat cirrhosis model obtained by repeated intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 (group C) with regard to biological and nutritional conditions in comparison to ad libitum (group AL) and pair-fed control rats. Cirrhotic rats were divided into two groups according to their clinical condition: group C1 (n = 4) represented those in good physical condition and group C2 those (n = 10) in poor physical condition. Autopsy indicated that rats in group C2 suffered from severe malnutrition as judged by body weight, carcass weight and the carcass/body weight ratio. However, all 14 treated rats presented the same micronodular cirrhosis and the same alterations in liver function, except for alkaline phosphatase activity (group C1: 110 +/- 63 IU/l, group C2: 259 +/- 110 IU/l; p < 0.05). In the cirrhosis groups, plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and the BCAA/aromatic amino acid (AAA) ratio were significantly reduced, but values in groups C1 and C2 were not significantly different (BCAA/AAA: 1.9 +/- 0.9 in group C1, 1.5 +/- 0.8 in group C2, 2.8 +/- 0.3 in group AL; C1 and C2, vs. AL: p < 0.05). These alterations were similar to those observed in human cirrhosis and were not solely the result of reduced food intake, as indicated by the lack of difference between pair-fed and ad libitum-fed control rats.
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PMID:Assessment of the carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis model for studies of nitrogen metabolism in chronic liver disease. 783 85

The effects of protein malnutrition on haematological and serum biochemical values were evaluated in gossypol-treated rats which were simultaneously fed with ethanol. Gossypol caused anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia in malnourished animals, suggesting a depression of bone marrow activity. Gossypol also caused a significant elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities and increases in the concentrations of Mg++ and Ca++ with reduced albumin, regardless of the nutritional status. These changes were more severe with malnutrition. Ethanol alone caused a thrombocytopenia but no other significant haematological changes. However, it appeared to cause derangement of lipid and protein metabolism as reflected in serum cholesterol and urea. The toxic effects seen in gossypol-treated rats were significantly reduced in animals simultaneously given ethanol. As the livers of gossypol-treated rats were significantly heavier than in these animals, it seems possible that ethanol consumption enhances the ability of the liver to metabolize gossypol, thereby reducing its accumulation and consequently its toxicity. However, further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms responsible.
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PMID:Haematological and serum biochemical changes in the rat due to protein malnutrition and gossypol-ethanol interactions. 788 58

This study was planned to investigate the effects of copper (Cu) deficiency on liver and bone metabolism in malnourished children. Serum total calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), Ca/P, Cu/Ca, Cu/P ratios and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity values were analyzed. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) enzyme activities and the ALT/AST (De Ritis) ratio as well as their correlations with Cu were tested to determine liver function. The results of the study showed that Cu deficiency directly affects the organic matrix formation, and by the suppression of ALP activity, indirectly causes decalcification. In the liver, however, no direct effect of Cu deficiency was seen. Deterioration in liver function and Cu deficiency increased parallel with the severity of malnutrition. Thus we concluded that a correlation exists between Cu and the parameters that indicate liver function.
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PMID:Effect of copper on liver and bone metabolism in malnutrition. 797 11

In a retrospective survey of hospital admissions over the years 1980-89, primary nutritional osteomalacia was diagnosed in 20 patients, all of whom were Bedouin Arab women. Every patient suffered from bone pain and proximal muscle weakness, and fixed skeletal deformities were common. Mean serum alkaline phosphatase levels were mean +/- SE 492 +/- 72 (reference range 30-125 IU/ml). Mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (in 12 cases) were 4.05 +/- 0.66 ng/ml (Bedouin and Jewish female reference levels 15.1 +/- 2.6 and 32.3 +/- 3.3) respectively); in 9 of these 12 cases 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were 1.54 +/- 0.51 ng/ml (Bedouin and Jewish reference levels 0.66 +/- 0.1 and 2.44 +/- 0.29 respectively); and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were 49.3 +/- 10.04 pg/ml (Bedouin and Jewish reference levels 83.6 +/- 11.3 and 98.6 +/- 12.3 respectively). This investigation shows that primary nutritional osteomalacia, a preventable disease, still occurs, causes severe morbidity and may be a manifestation of endemic subclinical vitamin D malnutrition in the Bedouin community in the Negev.
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PMID:Osteomalacia in Bedouin women of the Negev. 805 Aug 78

Mild to moderate protein energy malnutrition (PEM) was induced in young developing rhesus monkeys by giving them half of the casein-based synthetic diet which was given to control animals. After a body weight reduction of 30-40%, the PEM animals were sacrificed. The small intestine was removed, flushed with ice-cold saline, everted and divided into equal proximal, middle and distal segments. Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were prepared from all three segments and assayed for marker enzymes, e.g. sucrase and alkaline phosphatase, to assess their purity. Sucrase was found to be purified 23-fold and alkaline phosphatase 12-fold compared to the respective homogenates in all three parts. In PEM animals, uptake of [U-14C]L-leucine into the BBMV was diminished in all three segments and cholesterol and phospholipid levels also decreased significantly. As a result there was an elevation in the molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid, and the sphingomyelin: phosphatidylcholine molar ratio also increased. This signified a decrease in lipid fluidity and amino acid uptake in PEM in the small intestine. Histologically, a mild to moderate grade of partial villus atrophy was observed in the intestine. The diminished uptake and lipid fluidity of the membrane and the histological changes returned to their control values after nutritional rehabilitation.
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PMID:Effect of protein energy malnutrition on the lipid composition and leucine uptake of small intestinal brush border vesicles of growing rhesus monkeys. 806 90

Surgery in patients with obstructive jaundice is associated with significant infectious complications probably due to impaired immune function and malnutrition. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) may alleviate malnutrition but may also promote bacterial translocation (BT) from the gut. To elucidate if TPN can prevent malnutrition without promotion of BT in obstructive jaundice, 40 dogs underwent laparotomy for tissue sampling and placement of a central venous line and were allocated into one of four groups: I (PO-control) received dog chow and water ad libitum; II (PO-CBDL) underwent ligation of common bile duct (CBDL) and was fed dog chow; III (TPN-control) received TPN; and IV (TPN-CBDL) underwent CBDL and received TPN. Body weight, blood samples for liver function tests and bacterial culture, and tissues from liver and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) for quantitative bacterial culture and for histology were obtained prior to and 2 weeks after the experiment. The incidence of BT to MLN was 40% in the PO-CBDL and TPN-CBDL animals, which was significantly different from the other two groups (0%; p < 0.05). The incidence of BT to liver was 70% (7/10) in the PO-CBDL animals, which was significantly higher than that in groups I, III, and IV (0%, 20%, 20%, respectively) (p < 0.05). The PO-CBDL animals showed a significant decrease in body weight and prealbumin compatible with malnutrition, whereas the TPN-CBDL animals showed a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase and a consistent cholestasis on histology. The data suggest that TPN can prevent jaundice-associated malnutrition and decrease BT to liver but should be administered cautiously because it may precipitate cholestasis.
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PMID:Role of parenteral nutrition in preventing malnutrition and decreasing bacterial translocation to liver in obstructive jaundice. 827 78

Six serum enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were studied in 30 cases of protein energy malnutrition (PEM). The mean serum values of alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase and lactate dehydrogenase in cases of PEM were significantly lower than the controls, lowering being maximum in PEM Grade IV. The mean serum values of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in patients with PEM were significantly higher than the controls. The mean serum values of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase showed similar significant rise in all but PEM Grade IV. The degree of increase in the serum values of these three enzymes were maximum in cases with PEM Grade I. These findings suggest that abnormalities in blood levels of these enzymes occur in any form of PEM and these are related to the severity of the disease.
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PMID:Serum enzyme abnormalities in protein energy malnutrition. 828 27


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