Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma, whole blood, and red blood cell selenium levels were determined by spectrofluorometry in 30 patients with chronic heavy ethanol ingestion (group I) and 20 normal controls (group II). Nutritional and general medical evaluations were also performed. The mean plasma selenium level was 0.065 microgram/ml +/- 0.012 (SD) for group I versus 0.100 +/- 0.016 for group II (p less than 0.0001). Whole blood levels were 0.076 microgram/ml +/- 0.011 versus 0.114 +/- 0.015 (p less than 0.0001), and red blood cell levels were 0.092 microgram/ml +/- 0.016 compared with 0.130 +/- 0.025 (p less than 0.0001), respectively. Mean triceps skin fold was 8.2 mm +/- 3.5 for group I males versus 12.3 mm +/- 5.0 (p less than 0.005) for group II males but was not well correlated with whole blood selenium status (r = 0.33). Nutritional parameters of percentage of ideal body weight, midarm muscle circumference, serum albumin, and total lymphocyte count revealed no differences. Mildly elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and/or alkaline phosphatase values occurred in 53% of alcoholics, but selenium levels in these patients were no different from those with normal liver tests. We conclude that depressed blood selenium levels occur frequently in patients with chronic heavy ethanol ingestion even in the absence of overt malnutrition. Since selenium deficiency can produce a spectrum of organ injury which resembles that associated with chronic alcoholism, the relationship of selenium deficiency to alcohol-induced organ injury deserves further study.
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PMID:Diminished blood selenium levels in alcoholics. 639 3

To evaluate the role of gestational protein-energy malnutrition on fetal hard-tissue growth and metabolism, we measured several variables in the growth centres of mandibles and long bones of newborn rats. Control pups and pups of malnourished dams had approximately the same extent of reduction in body-weight, mandibular weight and long-bone weight. The malnourished group had more cells in the mandible although cell size was the same as that of controls. In contrast, in the long bones, the malnourished group had fewer cells than did controls whereas cell size was unchanged. Calcium content was the same in long bones of both groups, but was less in the mandibles of pups from malnourished dams. Ca metabolism as measured by 45Ca uptake was unchanged in the long bones, but was increased in the mandibles of the malnourished group shortly after birth. Calcification patterns at birth in these bones correlated well with alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity. These findings indicate that the mandibles and long bones of offspring are affected differently by protein-energy malnutrition during the mother's gestation. Prenatal nutritional stress resulted in a disturbance of the pituitary-adrenal system. Increased adrenal corticosterone could possibly be related to the different observed changes in bone metabolism.
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PMID:The effect of prenatal protein-energy malnutrition on the development of mandibles and long bones in newborn rats. 641 Nov 18

Whey milk, a side-product of cheese production, is not utilized for human nutrition. Whey protein is of good nutritional quality with a high biological value, exceeding that of whole-milk protein. A whey milk product consisting of liquid whey milk 60%, whole cow's milk 40% and skimmed milk powder 0.5% was mixed, spray-dried and prepared in instant form. After reconstitution with water, it was compared with sterilized whole cow's milk for the initiation of cure in 30 acute kwashiorkor patients randomly allocated to the two feeds. The diets were given for 3 weeks. There were no statistically significant differences between the two diets with regard to weight gain or levels of serum albumin, globulin, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, urea or haemoglobin. Judging from this limited investigation, whey milk deserves consideration for human utilization. Should economical production be possible, it could contribute towards preventing and treating protein energy malnutrition.
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PMID:[Initiation of a cure for kwashiorkor patients using a whey milk product. A comparison with cows milk]. 662 78

Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and 25 hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH-D3) were measured in normal and malnourished children with and without rickets. Children with rickets had clinical, biochemical, and x-ray evidence of the disease; most of them were malnourished. 25-OH-D3 levels were lower than in normal children. After treatment with vitamin D their condition improved. 25-OH-D3 levels were also found to be reduced in malnourished children without rickets. These studies show that rickets is common in malnourished children. Inadequate exposure to sunlight appears to be the factor mainly responsible for the high incidence of the disease. In addition, malnutrition perhaps contributes to the development of rickets.
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PMID:Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels in malnourished children with rickets. 677 69

Two experiments were conducted in order to establish the essentiality of zinc for fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and to determine their dietary zinc requirement. Purified egg white diets with and without supplemental zinc were fed to channel catfish fingerlings for 12 weeks in the essentiality experiment. Catfish fed the basal diet containing 1.0 - 1.5 mg Zn/kg diet developed deficiency signs such as anorexia and suppressed growth. After week 8 of this experiment, two groups of fish fed the basal diet were converted to the zinc-supplemented diet, which contained 28 mg Zn/kg diet. Deficiency signs in these fish were alleviated after consumption of the zinc-supplemented diet. In the requirement experiment, graded levels of a zinc premix were added to egg white diets and fed to fingerling channel catfish for 14 weeks. Serum alkaline phosphatase, serum zinc, bone zinc and bone calcium data indicated that the minimum zinc requirement of fingerling channel catfish was 20 mg Zn/kg dry diet.
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PMID:Dietary zinc requirement of fingerling channel catfish. 682 80

Twenty-nine patients with chronic liver disease, nine of whom had symptoms suggesting bone disease, were studied by bone histology. Nine had osteomalacia; six associated with cholestatic liver disease and three with primarily hepatocellular disease. Two of these had clinical and biochemical features of cholestasis for at least a year and the other had alcoholic cirrhosis associated with severe malnutrition. Excluding the latter patient, histological osteomalacia was significantly associated with presence and duration of cholestasis. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was low and fasting urine hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio was high in all patients with osteomalacia but were abnormal also in some patients who did not have histological osteomalacia. Serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D-binding protein and radiology were unhelpful in many patients with osteomalacia. Vitamin D-deficiency correlated significantly with deficiency of other fat-soluble vitamins and those patients with rachitic levels of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D showed no seasonal variation, suggesting a combination of malabsorption of vitamin D and reduced sunlight exposure. We suggest that patients with chronic liver disease with cholestasis for at least a year are at risk from osteomalacia and that those likely to have this complication may be identified by plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and/or fasting urine hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio measurements. The diagnosis can only be made with certainty by bone biopsy.
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PMID:Osteomalacia, vitamin D deficiency and cholestasis in chronic liver disease. 698 Nov 20

A retrospective was designed to analyse the mode of presentation, clinical signs and haematological and biochemical abnormalities in 225 consecutive Black (Zulu) patients who were admitted to a general medical ward between the years 1970 and 1981 and in whom cirrhosis was later diagnosed. The most common presenting complaint was swelling of the body (60% of the patients), followed by abdominal pain (32%) and episodes of bleeding, mainly from the gastrointestinal tract (19%). On examination, hepatomegaly was encountered in 66% of the patients, with moderate to massive enlargement in 40%. Ascites was detected in 56%, with tense abdominal distension in 34%. Jaundice was present in 38% and emaciation, mental disturbance and splenomegaly in over 25%. Spider naevi (found in 2 patients) and Dupuytren's contracture (found in 1) were very rare. Thrombocytopenia and a high ESR were common. Over 90% of patients had low albumin and high globulin concentrations (albumin less than 20 g/dl and globulin greater than 60 g/dl in 25%). Bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels and the prothrombin index were found to be within normal limits in 32%, 24% and 52% of cases respectively. Histologically the lesion was most commonly micronodular (73%) with variable deposits of fat and iron. Peritoneoscopy was the most useful special investigation in the diagnosis of cirrhosis, leading to a correct diagnosis in 77% of cases. In conclusion, the clinical signs, biochemical abnormalities and histological features suggest that the factors causing cirrhosis in the community studied are mixed; it may result from the combined effects of alcohol abuse, malnutrition and chronic viral (e.g. hepatitis B) infections.
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PMID:Clinical presentation and biochemical abnormalities in black (Zulu) patients with cirrhosis in Durban. 707 88

We studied jejunal epithelial structure and function in rats 24, 48, 96, and 192 hours after a single intravenous injection of methotrexate (MTX) 30 mg/kg. The acute effect of the drug on the gut at 24 and 48 hours was characterised, as expected, by reduced mitoses in crypts, shortened villi, and depressed activity of thymidine kinase (an enzyme normally confined to intestinal crypt cells). At 96 hours, when MTX was no longer detectable in serum, the intestine had entered a proliferative phase characterised by increased crypt mitoses, accelerated migration of enterocytes along villi, and the presence on villi of epithelial cells with the enzyme profile of crypt cells, decreased disaccharidase, alkaline phosphatase, and Na+-K+ATPase activities and increased thymidine kinase activity. Although the enzyme data suggested that enterocyte maturation was defective during this proliferative phase, glucose-stimulated Na+ transport, normally a function of fully differentiated villus cells, was normal at 96 hours. Measured both in Ussing chambers and in suspensions of enterocytes isolated from villi, Na+ transport responded normally to glucose at 96 hours, although the response had been significantly depressed at 24 hours. These findings cannot be attributed to MTX-induced malnutrition, as all comparisons included pair-fed controls. We conclude that, in the MTX-induced malnutrition, as all comparisons included pair-fed controls. We conclude that, in the small intestine under conditions of altered epithelial renewal, some components of enterocyte function may be affected more than others. Comparing the present experimental model with another intestinal disorder, acute viral enteritis, in which proliferative activity is excessive, it is clear that the nature of the original intestinal injury is a significant determinant of the pattern of enterocyte response.
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PMID:Response of the rat small-intestine epithelium to methotrexate. 742 11

Rats with hereditary defects in ascorbic acid (AsA) synthesis (ODS rats) subjected to AsA-deficiency for 3 weeks showed reductions of plasma alkaline phosphatase and dry and ash weights of the tibia, but no body weight alteration. In accordance with the chemical changes, bone loss and decrease of bone formation by AsA deficiency but not by malnutrition were observed in contact microradiographs of the tibia and by a tetracycline double labeling technique, respectively. The mechanical properties of femora measured by a three point-bending procedure were also altered by AsA deficiency for 3 weeks and showed decreases of 59% in toughness, 32% in strength, 32% in ductility and 22% in stiffness. The biomechanical changes by AsA deficiency were greater than the chemical changes in bone, indicating the usefulness of measuring mechanical properties as a sensitive method for the evaluation of the bone status. The second moment of the area of the femur was not changed by AsA deficiency. These results suggest that AsA deficiency in ODS rats causes marked bone loss and reduction in bone formation, which is accompanied by a greater reduction in biomechanics of the femur without causing macroarchitectural changes.
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PMID:Alteration of bone status with ascorbic acid deficiency in ODS (osteogenic disorder Shionogi) rats. 747 48

A case of Whipple's disease (WD) initially presenting with migrating arthralgia and later with weight loss, malaise, fever and abdominal discomfort is reported. On examination the patient showed signs of malnutrition, was anaemic and pyrexial (37.6-38.8) and had mild abdominal distention. Retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement was demonstrated by CT-scanning. Gastroduodenoscopy demonstrated white plaques and erosions in the 2nd and 3rd part of the duodenum. Repeated small bowed biopsies revealed pathological changes typical of WD. The patient was treated with parenteral penicillin 2 MIE t.i.d. for 14 days followed by sulfamethoxazole 800 mg and trimethoprim 160 mg b.i.d for a year. Response to treatment was satisfactory. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were raised: 324-649 U/l (80-275) on admission and remained so following treatment.
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PMID:[Whipple disease]. 750 69


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