Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The toxic activities of Ga-Sn alloy (Adlloy-OH) in experimental rats, its relations to the nutritional condition and dental caries development, were studied for three months. Adlloy, 0.3 g or 3 g per body weight (kg), was fed orally with the basal diet consisting of casein, sucrose, bean oil, mineral, and vitamin mixtures. Biochemical assays of serum was carried out for total protein, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphate, glucose, urea, creatine, alkaline phosphatase, GOT, and GPT. There was no convincing evidence of toxic effects on growth and biochemical data by the oral feeding of Addloy-OH.
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PMID:[Toxic activities of the Ga-Sn alloy (Adlloy-OH) on nutritional condition and dental caries development in rats]. 213

In Calotes versicolor, thyroidectomy did not alter the blood glucose level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH liver and heart), acid phosphatase (Ac.Pase liver and kidney), and alkaline phosphatase (Alk.Pase liver and kidney) activities; significantly decreased the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase liver and kidney), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT liver and heart), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT liver), and urea concentration (liver and kidney); and increased liver cholesterol when compared to sham-operated controls. Administration of L-thyroxine (L-T4) or triiodo-L-thyronine (L-T3) to thyroidectomized lizards significantly stimulated the activities of G-6-Pase, Ac.Pase, GOT and GPT, concentration of glucose and urea, and decreased the cholesterol level. While the activities of all the enzymes studied and cholesterol level remain unchanged, glucose and urea levels decreased and increased, respectively, in thyroidectomized animals treated with actinomycin D. Chloramphenicol treatment did not affect any of the parameters studied. Simultaneous injections of actinomycin D or chloramphenicol with L-T4 prevented the hormone-stimulated activities of Ac.Pase, GOT, and GPT while the activities of LDH, G-6-Pase, Alk.Pase, glucose, urea, and cholesterol levels remain unchanged.
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PMID:Intermediary metabolism in a lizard, Calotes versicolor: role of thyroid hormones. 215 52

Andrographolide, a diterpenoid lactone, was isolated (yield 0.78% w/w) from A. paniculata (whole plant). Its LD50 in male mice was 11.46 g/kg, ip. Antihepatotoxic activity of andrographolide (100 mg/kg, ip) was compared with 861.33 mg/kg, ip, of the methanolic extract (equivalent to 100 mg/kg of andrographolide) and 761.33 mg/kg ip, of the andrographolide-free methanolic extract (equivalent to 861.33 mg/kg of the methanolic extract) of the plant, using CCl4-intoxicated rats. Biochemical parameters like serum transaminases--GOT and GPT, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum bilirubin and hepatic triglycerides were estimated to assess the liver function. Overall inhibition of CCl4-induced increase in the five biochemical parameters was found to be 48.6 per cent (andrographolide), 32.0 per cent (methanolic extract) and 15.0 per cent (andrographolide-free methanolic extract). These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of the liver slices. Further, andrographolide (100 mg/kg, ip) was found to normalize completely the CCl4-induced increase in the pentobarbitone induced sleep time of mice. The results suggest that andrographolide is the major active antihepatotoxic principle present in A. paniculata.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective activity of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata against carbontetrachloride. 222 74

Hepatoprotective effect of andrographolide (the major active diterpenoid lactone of the plant Andrographis paniculata) was studied on acute hepatitis induced in rats by single dose of galactosamine (800 mg/kg, ip)/paracetamol (3g/kg, po). Hepatoprotective activity was monitored by estimating the serum transaminases (GOT and GPT), alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin in serum, hepatic triglycerides, and by histopathological changes in the livers of experimental rats. Pre-treatment and/or post-treatment of rats at different time intervals with different doses of andrographolide in the two experimental models of hepatotoxicity showed that treatment of rats with 400 mg/kg, ip or 800 mg/kg, po, 48, 24 and 2 h before galactosamine administration or with 200 mg/kg, ip, 1, 4 and 7 h after paracetamol challenge leads to complete normalisation of toxin-induced increase in the levels of all the five biochemical parameters, and significantly ameliorates toxin-induced histopathological changes in the livers of experimental rats. The results confirmed the in vivo hepatoprotective effect of andrographolide against galactosamine or paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Since the protective effect of andrographolide was observed in two types of intoxication, which are very different in their primary mechanism of inducing hepatotoxicity, it is suggested that protective mechanisms of andrographolide which are not specific to galactosamine or paracetamol toxicity may be responsible for the hepatoprotective activity of the compound.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective activity of andrographolide against galactosamine & paracetamol intoxication in rats. 222 75

The authors reported on a three month long EPREX (human recombinant erythropoietin) therapy of 5 hemodialysis patients for the treatment of their anemia. The drug was administered in bolus form 2 or 3 times a week after dialysis in a dose of 50 to 150 IU/bodyweight increased gradually in every (or every second) week. Hgb ad Htk values were determined once a week while erythrocyte, leukocyte, thrombocyte and reticulocyte count once a month. Serum iron, TIBC, serum ferritin, BUN, serum creatinine, urea, serum ions, liver function assays, serum lipids and amylase were also established. Hgb, Htk levels and reticulocyte count have significantly increased in the 4th week of treatment already, severe anemia ceased with improved appetite, general condition and physical strength. Serum urea and LDH levels significantly increased while SGOT decreased. No significant change in leukocyte and thrombocyte count, serum Na, K, Ca, P, Cl, BUN, creatinine, total protein level, serum albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, GGT, GPT, amylase and blood sugar as well as serum lipid level were observed. No adverse reactions occurred during the treatment. After the three gradually decreased and within 6 weeks they had to be transfused again. In three patients the need for transfusion has significantly grown after the treatment. The authors consider EPREX a highly efficient drug in the treatment of anemia in dialysis patients.
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PMID:[Recombinant human erythropoietin in the therapy of anemia in hemodialyzed patients]. 223 36

We reviewed retrospectively a cohort of 80 patients with hyperemesis gravidarum hospitalized between 1976 and 1986 for the presence of abnormal liver enzymes and ketonuria. Thirteen (16%) had abnormal liver enzymes, generally less than four times the upper limit of normal. In this group, hyperemesis gravidarum began at the 14th week of pregnancy as compared to the 6th week in the normal enzyme group (p less than 0.01). Both groups were similar with regard to age, number of children and pregnancies, and duration of vomiting. Ketonuria was significantly more severe (p less than 0.01) in the abnormal enzyme group, implying a more severe state of starvation and dehydration. The correlation coefficient between the degree of ketonuria and level of liver enzymes was low for alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.18), GPT (r = 0.15), and GOT (r = 0.28). The concept that dehydration and starvation are important factors for the induction of liver cell injury is supported by our data. Lack of correlation between the degree of ketonuria and liver enzyme levels is suggestive of other mechanisms (hormonal, genetic) that may interact to produce transaminasemia.
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PMID:Abnormal liver enzymes and ketonuria in hyperemesis gravidarum. A retrospective review of 80 patients. 236 99

Five clinically health goats were injected with sulfadimethoxine and sulfadimethyloxazole in a single dose of 100 mg/kg b. wt. by intravenous route. Highest concentration levels of sulfadimethoxine and sulfadimethyloxazole in rumen were detected 1 hour following intravenous injection, then the concentration for both compounds declined at 12 and 8 hours post administration, respectively. In addition, both types of sulfonamide completely disappeared in ruminal fluid samples taken after 24 and 12 hours, respectively. The rate of acetylation for sulfadimethoxine and sulfadimethyloxazole were nearly similar and occurred to a high extent in ruminal fluid (22.95 and 23.72%, respectively). On the other hand, both tested drugs increased significantly the ruminal gas production from the first to eight hours after i.v. injection in goats. Changes in the serum enzyme activities (SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase) observed with sulfadimethoxine and sulfadimethyloxazole, and represented by a significant decrease in the activity of SGOT and SGPT level, alkaline phosphatase 4 hours sulfadimethoxine and in GOT/GPT ratio 24 and 48 hours after i.v. injection, respectively. The creatinine clearance was significantly decreased after 4 hours following the i.v. administration of sulfadimethoxine and sulfadimethyloxazole in goats.
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PMID:Ruminal excretion of sulfadimethoxine and sulfadimethyloxazole in goats and their influence on some enzyme activities and renal clearances. 236 91

300 consecutive cholecystectomies performed from 1984 through 1986 were studied retrospectively to answer the following questions: which are suitable preoperative indicators for selective operative cholangiography, and which is the failure rate to detect biliary concrements by selective cholangiography? Patients with a history of jaundice, suspected concrements from preoperative intravenous cholangiography or ultrasound examination, a common bile duct wider than 8 mm, and elevated serum levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, ALAT (GPT) or ASAT (GOT) all had significantly higher rates of biliary concrements. Of these indicators, preoperative radiologic studies, serum levels of ALAT (GPT) and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase showed the best sensitivity, specificity as well as positive and negative predictive value. If two criteria, preoperative radiology and serum levels of ALAT (GPT), had been used, intraoperative cholangiography would have been performed in 34% of the cases. 82% of all biliary concrements would have been detected; in 3% of all cholecystectomies, the diagnosis of concrements would have been missed. We conclude that prospective studies should be performed to better define necessity and benefit of routine operative cholangiography still widely performed today.
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PMID:[Selective intraoperative cholangiography]. 237 28

A retrospective study has been carried out, comparing 87 patients with acute pancreatitis of biliary etiology and 53 patients with pancreatitis secondary to other causes. The clinical presentation, laboratory data, radiological findings (chest X-rays, radiography of the abdomen and gastrointestinal, echography), morbidity and mortality have been analyzed. In acute pancreatitis related to biliary disease, pain is most frequently located in the right hypochondrium and the levels of amylase, GOT, GPT an alkaline phosphatase were higher, although only the last two parameters showed significant differences. Morbidity (local and general complications) did not show differences in both groups, but mortality was higher in pancreatitis secondary to biliary disease (5.6% compared to 3.7%).
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PMID:[Acute pancreatitis of biliary etiology]. 239 Mar 55

A herbal tea (called an abafado in Brazil) prepared from the dried leaves of lemongrass was administered to healthy volunteers. Following a single dose or 2 weeks of daily oral administration, the abafado produced no changes in serum glucose, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipids, total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, LDH and CPK. Urine analysis (proteins, glucose, ketones, bilirubins, occult blood and urobilinogen) as well as EEG and EKG showed no abnormalities. There were slight elevations of direct bilirubin and of amylase in some of the volunteers, but without any clinical manifestation. These results taken together indicate that lemongrass as used in Brazilian folk medicine is not toxic for humans. The eventual hypnotic effect of lemongrass was investigated in 50 volunteers who ingested samples of lemongrass and a placebo under double-blind conditions. The parameters (i.e. sleep induction, sleep quality, dream recall and rewakening) did not show any effect of lemongrass as compared to the placebo. Eighteen subjects with high scores of trait-anxiety were submitted to an anxiety-inducing test following taking lemongrass or placebo under double-blind conditions. Their anxiety levels were similar, indicating that the abafado of the plant does not have anxiolytic properties. It is concluded that lemongrass, one of the most popular Brazilian herbal medicines, used for its alleged CNS-depressant effects, is atoxic but lacks hypnotic or anxiolytic properties.
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PMID:Pharmacology of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf). III. Assessment of eventual toxic, hypnotic and anxiolytic effects on humans. 242 20


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