Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred six patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were prospectively evaluated with regard to the prognostic impact of abdominal CT-scan in the pretreatment staging when compared to ultrasonography of the abdomen. Staging based on abdominal ultrasonography (US) plus bilateral bone marrow examinations gave as a result that 47 patients had extensive disease (ED) (44%). Seventeen patients with proven ED at time of referral were not included in this study. Abdominal CT-scan was performed in 76 of the 106 patients. Thirty patients of these 76 patients (39%) were classified as having ED after staging including US, but abdominal metastases were disclosed in another ten patients at the subsequent CT-scan. Liver metastases seen in two patients at ultrasonography were overlooked on the CT-scans. Median survival of the 36 patients classified as having limited disease (LD) after both procedures was 458 days, which was significantly better compared to 330 days for the ten patients with stage migration from LD to ED based on CT-scan, (p less than 0.05) and compared to 242 days in the 30 patients with ED demonstrated by both US and CT-scans (p less than 0.05). The prognostic impact of the CT-scan was further investigated in a multivariate analysis (Cox). Stage disease, performance status, LDH and alkaline phosphatase were significant prognostic factors in a proportional hazards model based on the original 106 patients. Patients in the best prognostic group were characterized by LD, good performance status (0-1) and normal LDH and alkaline phosphatase serum values. This group consisted of 22 patients (21%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The impact of abdominal computerized tomography on the pretreatment staging and prognosis of small cell lung cancer. 132 23

The expression of the human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cluster 1 antigen and the human milk fat globule membrane (HMFG) antigen were studied in three SCLC, three lung adenocarcinoma, six ovarian adenocarcinoma and three colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines before and after culture in the presence of the differentiation inducing agent, sodium butyrate. Before treatment, only SCLC and well differentiated ovarian cell lines expressed the cluster 1 antigen. After 4 days culture with sodium butyrate, expression of cluster 1 antigen was induced in poorly differentiated ovarian, colorectal and lung adenocarcinoma cell lines whereas existing antigen expression was enhanced in SCLC and well differentiated ovarian cell lines. The expression of the HMFG antigen was also modified. Induction of cluster 1 antigen correlated with increased levels of alkaline phosphatase in the treated cell lines, this enzyme being associated with a more differentiated state in colon and ovarian carcinoma cell lines. The pattern of induction of cluster 1 antigen expression suggests that several different epitopes of this antigen are recognised by the ten SCLC cluster 1 antibodies studied.
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PMID:Modulation of the cluster 1 and mucin antigens in human small cell lung cancer and other epithelial tumour cell lines after treatment with the differentiation inducing agent, sodium butyrate. 164 68

The peripheral blood hematological and biochemical parameters in 60 patients with marrow involvement with carcinoma are described. In all patients the hematologic findings were of anemia (46%), thrombocytopenia (36%), leukocytosis (28%) and leukoerythroblastosis (22%). Elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (sLDH) and alkaline phosphatase (sALP) occurred in 78% of patients and hypercalcemia in 28% and these abnormal biochemical parameters occurred more frequently with marrow fibrosis. In patients with small cell carcinoma of lung (SCCL) the sLDH was normal in 24% and sALP in 32% and abnormal hematological findings or a raised sLDH occurred more frequently with liver involvement. Bone scan was positive in 49% of patients and the hematological and biochemical parameters in these patients were similar to those of patients with a normal scan. Ten percent of patients with SCCL and marrow involvement had both a normal sLDH and bone scan.
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PMID:Hematological, biochemical and bone scan findings in patients with marrow carcinoma. 166 79

Several studies of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treatments have been performed in the United Kingdom. In some, prognostic factor analyses were carried out but the results were not entirely consistent. The Lung Cancer Subcommittee of the United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research (UKCCCR) consequently initiated an overview of these studies with the aim of identifying the important prognostic factors using a large number of patients. Information on almost 4,000 patients was available, but it was necessary to perform analyses on smaller subsets because the variables recorded in individual studies were inconsistent. A number of variables contributed significantly to the prediction of likely survival over the 6 months after starting treatment, but performance status (PS), alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) and disease stage were shown to be the most important; aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) may also be useful. A prognostic index was devised for this initial period and validated using independent data. For patients who survived the first 6 months, the pre-treatment variables important for prognosis in the 6-24 month period were stage, PS and plasma sodium (Na). The Subcommittee recommends that performance status, disease stage, AlkP, Na, AST and LDH should be measured in all future SCLC studies to assist comparisons between studies and possibly the selection of patients for different treatment strategies. The additional recording of five other variables would allow a more definitive overview to be performed at some future date.
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PMID:An overview of prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer. A report from the Subcommittee for the Management of Lung Cancer of the United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research. 215 8

Of 129 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who underwent bone marrow examination for staging, 39 (30%) had bone marrow involvement. Only three of 129 patients (2.3%) had bone marrow involvement as the only site of metastatic disease. When patients with bone marrow metastasis were compared with patients whose bone marrow was normal, there were significant differences in serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), albumin, and sodium (Na). We found no clinically significant difference in survival between patients with extensive disease with or without bone marrow involvement. Serum Na, albumin, SGOT, and uric acid were important prognostic determinants of survival. Based on the results of this study, we do not recommend routine bone marrow examinations in the staging of SCLC.
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PMID:Bone marrow involvement in small cell lung cancer. Clinical significance and correlation with routine laboratory variables. 253 86

We have examined post-translational modification of the L-myc protein using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against a peptide well conserved in the predicted amino acid sequences of the c-myc, N-myc and L-myc genes. These antibodies precipitate three polypeptides of Mr 60-66,000 from [35S]methionine or [32P]orthophosphate-labelled human small cell lung cancer cell lines expressing amplified L-myc genes, but not the other myc genes. Treatment of the L-myc immunoprecipitates with alkaline phosphatase prior to electrophoresis converts the three methionine-labelled polypeptides into a single band migrating at Mr 59,000, and efficiently removes radioactivity from the 32P-labelled L-myc protein, suggesting that, in contrast to the c-myc and N-myc proteins, the L-myc polypeptide heterogeneity is due to differential phosphorylation of a common precursor. When the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or serum is added to cultures of U-1690 cells the Mr 66,000 polypeptide is rapidly enriched while the Mr 60,000 form is decreased in the L-myc immunoprecipitates. This effect is correlated with the ability of phorbol ester and diacylglycerol analogues to activate protein kinase C. The TPA-induced phosphorylation of the L-myc protein occurs in a protein synthesis-independent manner as it is not inhibited by cycloheximide or anisomycin. These data indicate that the phosphorylation of the L-myc nuclear oncoprotein is modulated in response to TPA via a rapid signal transduction system involving protein kinase C. This mechanism could play an important role in the response of lung cells to e.g. bombesin-related growth factors.
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PMID:Rapid phosphorylation of the L-myc protein induced by phorbol ester tumor promoters and serum. 254 Sep 55

During a clinical trial of duration of chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), 71 of 610 patients (11.6%) died in the first 3 weeks. Chemotherapy consisted of cyclophosphamide 1 g m-2 i.v. day 1, etoposide 100 mg t.d.s. orally days 1-3, vincristine 2 mg i.v. day 1. The time of death was found to be nonrandomly distributed within the first chemotherapy cycle, with a peak incidence between days 7 and 12 after chemotherapy. Patients were matched with controls who were the next cases entered into the study who did not die in the first 3 weeks. Patients dying early were more likely to have clinical hepatomegaly (P less than 0.0001), and ECOG score greater than or equal to 1 (P less than 0.00001). As a group these patients also had a higher alkaline phosphatase (P less than 0.0002), an elevated blood urea (P less than 0.00001) and a lower serum albumin (P less than 0.0001) than controls. It is probable that infection contributes to the death of these already ill patients at a time when the blood count is low. Early deaths have been noted in two other large trials using regimens including etoposide. Prophylactic antibiotics or dosage modification may prevent the early death of these high risk patients.
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PMID:Patients at risk of chemotherapy-associated toxicity in small cell lung cancer. 254 22

Forty-two patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with a combination of carboplatin, ifosfamide and etoposide. Vincristine was given on day 14 of each course, the courses being repeated every 28 days for a maximum of six. Thoracic radiotherapy was given 4 weeks after the last course of chemotherapy but no prophylactic cranial radiotherapy was administered. Thirty patients had clinically limited state disease, the remaining patients having contralateral neck lymphadenopathy and/or pleural effusions. Elevated enzyme levels (alkaline phosphatase, LDH, ALT, GGT) were noted in 69% of patients. Twenty-four patients (57%) achieved a complete response (CR) when assessed one month after the end of treatment. A further 21% of patients had a partial response (PR). Median duration of CR was 14 months and of PR 8 months. Cerebral metastases were the sole site of relapse in 13% of the CR patients. Myelosuppression was severe with a median nadir of neutropenia of 0.2 x 10(9) cells 1-1. However, 74% of the patient group received all six courses of chemotherapy and only 16 courses (7%) were delayed because of toxicity. There were three deaths associated with treatment-related neutropenia. The median survival of the total group was 14 months, with an actuarial 2 year survival of 37% and a minimum follow-up of 18 months. [A recent analysis, March 1989, demonstrated a 33%, 2 year actual survival.]
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PMID:Carboplatin, ifosfamide and etoposide with mid-course vincristine and thoracic radiotherapy for 'limited' stage small cell carcinoma of the bronchus. 255 90

Conventional staging in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is only of limited prognostic value and is often based on elaborate investigations. We have carried out univariate and multivariate analysis of possible prognostic factors at presentation in 333 consecutive patients with SCLC. Fifteen parameters were found to have individual prognostic significance, of which the most powerful were serum albumin, bone marrow aspirate, disease extent and performance status (all P less than 0.00005). Factors which were not of prognostic significance included age, sex, SVC obstruction, and pleural involvement. Multivariate analysis excluded many factors including bone marrow aspirate as not being independently variable, and a simple combination of clinical performance status, serum albumin and alanine transaminase could be used to define 3 groups (good; medium; poor) of better prognostic significance (survival at 1 year 50% vs. 27% vs. 3%) than conventional limited/extensive disease staging (1 year survival 48% vs. 18%). Other simple combinations of biochemical parameters including plasma sodium and alkaline phosphatase achieved almost as good prognostic groupings. We suggest that consideration should be given to replacing the conventional limited/extensive disease staging system with a simpler system along the lines we have described.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer: a simple prognostic index is better than conventional staging. 282 70

The pre-treatment serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and circulating immune complexes (CC) as tumour markers were compared to measurements of standard haematology and biochemical indices in 73 patients with lung cancer, as an aid to differentiation of tumour type, estimating disease extent, predicting response to therapy and prognosis. Elevated NSE greater than or equal to 12.5 ng ml-1, PHI greater than or equal to 55 mgl-1 levels were observed in 55% of cases for NSE, 90% for PHI and 49% for CC. NSE was significantly elevated in 61% (25/41) of patients with SCLC (P less than 0.005) compared to 41% (13/32) with NSCLC. CC levels were significantly raised in 72% (23/32) of patients with NSCLC (P less than 0.05) compared to 32% with SCLC. The levels of NSE and PHI were not related to tumour stage but CC was significantly raised in limited compared to extensive disease in SCLC (P less than 0.05). Serum albumin was significantly lower in NSCLC compared to SCLC, and median values of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and aminoaspartate transferase were significantly higher in patients with extensive disease. The pre-treatment serum values of NSE, PHI, and CC did not predict the response to therapy or prognosis in the 73 patients with lung cancer. The most important prognostic factor was the number of abnormal routine laboratory parameters (greater than 4) in this group of patients.
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PMID:The value of tumour markers in lung cancer. 290 54


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