Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) level was estimated in 132 patients with different liver diseases (chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, chronic alcholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis, cholestasis syndrome, fatty liver, Gilbert disease) and malignancies with and without liver involvement. The gamma-GT levels were compared with the values for serum bilirubin, transaminases (GOT, GPT) and alkaline phosphatase in the same patients. gamma-GT values were normal in chronic persistent hepatitis and increased in chronic active hepatitis. Very high activities were measured in chronic alcoholic cirrhosis in contrast to postnecrotic cirrhosis. gamma-GT proved to be more sensitive than alkaline phosphate as an index of cholestasis and liver involvement in malignancies. It is suggested that gamma-GT activity offers valuable aid in differential diagnostics of liver-diseases. gamma-GT being an inducible enzyme, its activity may be raised by enzyme inducing drugs also in subjects without liver disease.
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PMID:Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: its clinical significance. 2 44

The clinical import of the serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) level was evaluted in 162 prospectively studied patients. GGTP is helpful in determining the origin of alkaline phosphatase (AP); it clearly separates increased AP of bone and placental origin from that of liver origin. The GGTP level closely parallels the AP level in most instances, but it may be more sensitive in detecting liver disease in anicteric patients. The finding of significantly increased GGTP in patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis as compared to normal levels found in chronic persistent hepatitis may provide a prognostic clue in cases of unresolved hepatitis. The apparent specificity and sensitivity of the GGTP test, combined with ease of performance and low expense, make it a valuable addition to the evaluation of a patient with hepatic disease.
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PMID:Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: its specificity and clinical value. 3 71

A study of liver abnormalities in 36 patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia in the absence of underlying infectious, connective tissue, or lymphoproliferative disorders revealed clinical or biochemical evidence of liver dysfunction in 84%. Hepatomegaly was detected in 77%, splenomegaly in 54%, and abnormalities in bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, or serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase in 77%. Only four of the patients had overt liver disease. Of 15 biopsies from 12 patients, there was normal tissue structure in two, minimal nonspecific changes in one, portal fibrosis in three, chronic persistent hepatitis in one, chronic active hepatitis in two, chronic active hepatitis with cirrhosis in four, and postnecrotic cirrhosis in two. These findings, together with the previously reported high incidence of serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, support the view that the syndrome of purpura, arthritis, and nephritis is often a consequence of immune-complex vasculitis secondary to HBV infection.
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PMID:Liver involvement in the syndrome of mixed cryoglobulinemia. 90 Jun 72

The isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase were measured on admission to hospital, and then weekly over a 2 to 3 month period, in 40 patients presenting with uncomplicated acute hepatitis, 12 patients with cholestatic hepatitis, and 10 patients with histologically confirmed chronic persistent hepatitis. In acute uncomplicated hepatitis the increase in total alkaline phosphatase is not due to a cholestatic reaction of the damaged liver, but reflects the impaired catabolic capacity of the liver cells to degrade alkaline phosphatases from intestine and bone, as well as that of hepato-biliary origin. The isoenzyme distribution pattern is the same as found in normal healthy subjects. The increase in total alkaline phosphatase in patients with cholestatic hepatitis results from this impaired catabolic capacity for degradation of all isoenzymes, together with an increase in cholestatic reflux of hepato-biliary enzymes. In patients with chronic persistent hepatitis the raised total alkaline phosphatase activity at each point during the illness is due to this catabolic impairment of degradation of all isoenzymes. A cholestasis is not seen. The isoenzyme distribution pattern remains normal; only the enzyme activity due to the intestinal fraction, when compared with the acute hepatitis, is slightly, but significantly, raised.
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PMID:[Distribution pattern of isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in patients with various forms of hepatitis (author's transl)]. 125 32

Serum level of osteocalcin (OC) is believed to be a specific biochemical parameter of bone formation. Decreased serum OC has been reported in alcohol-intoxicated subjects, in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and in patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease. The question was, whether lower OC level could be detected in patients with nonalcoholic and non-cholestatic chronic liver disease. The serum OC was measured by RIA developed in our laboratory. Results were compared to age and sex matched controls. Decreased OC level was found in 35 out of 47 (74%) patients with non-alcoholic and non-cholestatic liver disease as chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, fatty liver and cirrhosis, in 21 out of 26 (80%) patients with alcoholic liver disease and in 8 out of 15 (53%) primary biliary cirrhosis. None of the patients had elevated value. There was no correlation between the decreased OC level and the duration or severity of the liver disease and the laboratory parameters as bilirubin, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, prothrombin, and serum 25-OH-D3 vitamin level. Decreased OC was found also in the patients without cirrhosis. The possible causes are discussed. Relying upon these findings it is supposed that chronic liver disease by itself can influence the osteoblast activity also by some unknown mechanism.
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PMID:[Decreased serum osteocalcin level in non-alcoholic and alcoholic chronic liver diseases]. 185 6

The examination has involved 89 patients with chronic viral hepatitis, aged 14 to 59, 68 male and 21 female ones. Thirty-two (36.0%) patients suffered from chronic viral hepatitis B. Life-time biopsy of the liver was performed in all the cases. Chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) has been diagnosed in 39 patients, chronic active one (CAH) in 50. Histochemical examinations of the biopsy specimens included measurements of alkaline phosphatase (AP) by the azocompound method, of 5-nucleotidase (5-Nuc) by the Ca-Co method, and of hepatocyte pigments. Stereologic methods were used in morphometric analysis of the area of sinusoids active for AP and 5-Nuc enzymes and of the intracellular pigment level with consideration for their distribution in the hepatic lobe. The findings evidence a significant increase of the area of sinusoids active for AP and 5-Nuc in CAH patients, in contrast to those with CPH, but the latter group has developed much higher levels of hepatocyte pigments. These data may be useful to specify the activity of chronic viral hepatitis in cases with poorly representative biopsy specimens.
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PMID:[Quantitative histoenzymological studies in the diagnosis of chronic viral hepatitis]. 255 80

Among the noninvasive methods proposed for the study of collagen metabolism as an of fibrosis and inflammation, the most widely accepted method is quantitation in serum of the N-terminal peptide of type III procollagen (P-III-Ps). We measured this variable in 87 subjects classified into five study groups: 19 controls (C), 18 alcoholics (E), 15 patients diagnosed as liver cirrhosis (CH), 11 chronic liver disease (HC) and 24 pregnant women (EMB). In our environment, the serum level of P-III-P in the healthy population was 9.12-12.8 ng/ml. In 27.77% of the alcoholics studied (5 cases) the mean value exceeded this level, 19.35 +/- 3.05 ng/ml. Forty percent of the cirrhotics (6 cases) presented the highest values, 26.54 +/- 11.45 ng/ml, while 83.33% of the patients with chronic active hepatitis presented a mean value of 18.53 +/- 3.8 ng/ml. Of the 24 pregnant women, 95.83% (23 cases) had higher than normal values, and concentrations roses in the last trimester of gestation with respect to the previous trimesters. Analysis of the correlations of all the biochemical parameters of liver function with P-III-Ps disclosed a relationship between P-III-Ps and alkaline phosphatase in the groups of cirrhotics and chronic persistent hepatitis (p less than 0.05). We conclude that the N-terminal peptide of type III procollagen is a useful marker of active fibrosis.
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PMID:[Serum determination of N-terminal peptide of type III procollagen as a marker of fibrotic activity]. 273 69

The long-term follow-up of 80 heart transplant patients (70 men, 10 women) from January 1982 to July 1985 who had received cyclosporine (CsA) showed a high incidence of mild to severe liver dysfunction. Fifty patients (62.5%) had long-lasting postoperative biological disturbances (alanine amino transferase greater than 2N and/or alkaline phosphatase greater than 1.5N for 3 months or more). Most patients were asymptomatic; eight were icteric, and one had arthralgia. The most common biological feature consisted of isolated elevation of ALAT (27 cases). Assessment of causes led to a definite etiology in 42 patients: 7 cardiac failure, 13 HBsAg-positive liver disease (26%) (chronic persistent hepatitis 8, chronic active hepatitis 2, subacute necrosis 2). Fourteen patients (28%) sustained non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis (chronic persistent hepatitis 5, chronic active hepatitis 1, cirrhosis 1), and 7 (14%) sustained a drug-related hepatitis. Liver biopsy and complete virus screening was contributive to the diagnosis in nearly all patients. Additionally, prolonged impairment of liver function tests occurred in 62% of heart transplant recipients, mostly during the first 6 postoperative months. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and NANB hepatitis accounted for 26% and 28% of the cases of liver dysfunction, respectively; drug-induced hepatitis may have been involved in 14% of the cases. Complete hepatitis virus screening should be performed before heart transplant and in any case of abnormal liver function posttransplantation. HBV vaccination prior to heart transplant is recommended in HBsAg- and HBcAb-negative candidates for heart replacement. Long-term follow-up of these patients is mandatory to assess the severity of these liver dysfunctions.
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PMID:Prevalence and causes of long-lasting hepatic dysfunction after heart transplantation: a series of 80 patients. 329 31

We studied a consecutive series of 204 patients who were admitted to a hospital for addictive diseases during 40 months and who had a liver biopsy. Parenteral drug abusers (n = 34) were significantly younger than alcohol abusers (n = 23) or abusers of both (n = 147) and had lower levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and aspartate aminotransferase than the other two groups. Chronic active hepatitis and chronic persistent hepatitis were more frequent (p less than 0.001) in abusers of parenteral drugs alone, whereas cirrhosis was found most often (p less than 0.001) in abusers of both alcohol and parenteral drugs. Cirrhosis was present in 10 of 39 (26%) simultaneous abusers of alcohol and parenteral drugs compared with 58 of 96 (60%) alcohol-abusing former parenteral drug abusers (p less than 0.001). Methadone maintenance treatment was not associated with cirrhosis. Thus, methadone-maintained patients who abuse alcohol and develop cirrhosis should remain in methadone maintenance treatment and receive concomitant alcoholism treatment. Also, these data further support the hypothesis that abusers of both alcohol and parenteral drugs have an increased risk of developing cirrhosis.
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PMID:Chronic liver disease in abusers of alcohol and parenteral drugs: a report of 204 consecutive biopsy-proven cases. 354 73

Groups of ten male rats were treated with a high challenge dose of cephaloridine (CPH, 3750 mg kg-1), with methylprednisolone (MP, 100 mg kg-1) or with cephaloridine and methylprednisolone (CPH + MP) by single subcutaneous injection. A control group received the injection vehicles only. Urine was collected from all animals daily over 18-h collection periods, up to 96 h after treatment. Blood was collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after treatment. At necropsy, kidneys were weighed, processed and examined histopathologically. Results show that methylprednisolone significantly ameliorated the nephrotoxicity of the challenge dose of cephaloridine. CPH-only treated rats had severe toxic nephrosis characterised by acute tubular necrosis, and elevated blood urea and creatinine. By contrast, the majority of CPH + MP treated rats had only a slight or moderate toxic nephrosis, and had lower blood urea and creatinine levels compared with rats treated with CPH only, indicating preservation of kidney function. Interestingly, rats treated with CPH + MP had higher urinary enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyltransferase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase) as well as protein and glucose, compared with rats treated with CPH only. This is taken to indicate that rats treated with CPH only had such marked kidney damage and necrosis that the population of cells able to produce these marker enzymes was significantly and rapidly depleted, but the protection afforded by methylprednisolone allowed CPH + MP treated rats to sustain urinary enzyme output. Effects on urinary glucose and other parameters such as body weight and kidney weight demonstrate interactions between glucocorticoid pharmacology and cephaloridine nephrotoxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Glucocorticoid amelioration of nephrotoxicity: a study of cephaloridine-methylprednisolone interaction in the rat. 757 15


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