Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have selected for this study a well-defined group of patients with moderately advanced but compensated alcoholic cirrhosis. They were well-nourished and had no ascites, varices, azotemia, or encephalopathy. Liver biopsy showed little or no necrosis and inflammation despite wide-spread fibrosis. Serum bilirubin, transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin and globulins were essentially normal. Biochemical evidence for liver disease was restricted to modest elevation of BSP retention, gamma GTP, serum bile acid concentrations, and urinary bile acid excretion. Except for changes in the interrelationships among the three biliary lipids, they were generally spared the abnormalities of sterol metabolism described in other patients with more advanced, more active liver disease. Thus, striking abnormalities in the metabolism of cholesterol and bile acids probably require severe reductions in functioning hepatocellular mass, major portal-systemic shunting, high disease activity, or all three to become manifest.
...
PMID:Cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in moderately advanced, stable cirrhosis of the liver. 49 6

The pig shows a marked response to end-to-side portacaval shunt. Survival is short and levels of alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol fall. This study was designed to determine the role of the reduced food intake which follows the operation upon these results. In pair-fed, sham-operated pigs, survival was short and levels of alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol also fell. Sham-operated animals fed normally did not show this response. Reduced appetite has been recorded in many experimental animals after portacaval shunt, but the cause remains to be elucidated. Encephalopathy, bacteremia, peptic ulceration, or hormonal imbalance could be implicated. Similar alteration in appetite and weight loss have not been observed in children who have been treated by portacaval shunt for glycogen storage disease or hypercholesterolemia; however, the underlying metabolic disorder or the species difference may be a contributory cause.
...
PMID:Anorexia and weight loss in the portacaval-shunted pig. 106 35

An experiment was conducted to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the brain lesions, diarrhoea and haemorrhages produced by amprolium poisoning of preruminant lambs. The encephalopathy was preceded by a reduction of cerebrocortical transketolase activity. Diarrhoea was not associated with histological evidence of pathological change in the small intestine, and in lambs with severe diarrhoea the small intestinal levels of alkaline phosphatase and lactase were unaffected. Haemorrhages were associated with a thrombocytopenia which was attributed to degeneration of bone marrow megakaryocytes. The bone marrow of the majority of the lambs which had received amprolium for 3 wk or more was severely depopulated, erythrocyte precursors being the most severely affected. The marrow depopulation was atrributed to decreased cell production, as the majority of the remaining cells showed little evidence of degeneration and the number of mitotic figures in the marrow of amprolium-treated lambs was considerably reduced as compared with the controls.
...
PMID:Amprolium poisoning of preruminant lambs: an investigation of the encephalopathy and the haemorrhagic and diarrhoeic syndromes. 115 27

The aim of this prospective study was to examine the usefulness of flow-dependent dynamic liver function tests and conventional methods of evaluating liver function as predictors of pretransplant survival in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation within the follow-up period of 365 days were excluded. One hundred one patients with histologically confirmed cirrhosis were studied. Fifty-eight patients had post-hepatitic cirrhosis, 13 had cryptogenic cirrhosis and 30 had biliary cirrhosis. During follow-up, 28 patients died of their liver diseases. At entry, we recorded indocyanine green half-life, monoethylglycinexylidide formation from lidocaine, bilirubin and albumin serum concentrations, activities of cholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, clinical complications of ascites and encephalopathy and the Pugh score. These variables were subjected as covariates to a stepwise survival analysis by use of the Cox proportional-hazards model. At the final step, Pugh score, monoethylglycinexylidide formation and indocyanine green half-life were found to be the only independent variables significantly related to 1-yr survival. The parallel combination of Pugh score and monoethylglycinexylidide test yielded the highest prognostic sensitivity (82%). The series approach combining either the Pugh score and indocyanine green test or the monoethylglycinexylidide and indocyanine green tests was associated with the highest specificity (96%/97%) and high predictive values of a positive result (81%/82%). These findings suggest that appropriate combinations of the studied flow-dependent dynamic liver function tests and the Pugh score could be useful in improving transplant candidate selection and the timing of transplantation.
...
PMID:Predictors of one-year pretransplant survival in patients with cirrhosis. 195 50

Physicians and surgeons have long recognized that septic illness may be accompanied by abnormal brain functions; however, no systematic, comprehensive study has been done to define the clinical and laboratory features of the syndrome of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. We undertook such a prospective study in a tertiary care hospital and found that of 69 patients with fever and microbial cultures, 32 had marked brain dysfunction, 17 showed mild encephalopathy, and 20 were clinically nonencephalopathic. Severe cases showed obtundation and paratonic rigidity while milder cases showed confusion, inappropriate behavior, inattention, disorientation, and writing errors. There were no focal neurological deficits. The following factors correlated with the severity of brain dysfunction: adult respiratory distress syndrome; fatal outcome; certain types of EEG abnormality; axonal peripheral neuropathy; elevated peripheral white blood cell count; elevated serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, phosphate, potassium, and urea; reduced blood pressure and reduced serum albumin level. Our data suggest that brain functions fail with dysfunction of other organs in septic illness. Pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. The brain dysfunction should be regarded as potentially reversible, even in severely encephalopathic cases. Prompt control of the infection is the most important measure in controlling the encephalopathy and in preventing the increased mortality found with severely encephalopathic patients.
...
PMID:The encephalopathy associated with septic illness. 207 9

Fourteen patients with sclerosing cholangitis underwent percutaneous cholangioplasty and stent placement with balloon-angioplasty and biliary-drainage catheters. There was initial clinical improvement in 13 of the 14 patients; one patient did not improve and died 1 month after the procedure. One of the 13 survivors developed encephalopathy and received a liver transplant 9 months after cholangioplasty; during the 9 months before transplantation, serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels returned to normal, and pruritus decreased. Restenosis of a duct following stent removal prompted repeat cholangioplasty in five of the 13 patients. Four of these five patients benefited from repeat cholangioplasty, and the fifth underwent liver transplantation 10 months after the second cholangioplasty. The other seven of the 13 survivors became either asymptomatic (n = 3) or less symptomatic than before cholangioplasty (n = 4) and did not require repeat cholangioplasty or liver transplantation during 10-42 months of follow-up.
...
PMID:Sclerosing cholangitis: palliation with percutaneous cholangioplasty. 246 61

The authors measured alkaline phosphatase isozyme I (ALP-I) in sera of 24 brain-damaged patients and four with disorders other than brain damage. The study population comprised three patients with postresuscitation encephalopathy, four with ruptured cerebral aneurysms, 14 with acute subdural hematoma and cerebral contusion, and three with nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. ALP-I detected in brain damage is physicochemically different from the other known ALP-Is that appear in patients with obstructive jaundice or hepatoma. In the brain-damaged patients, ALP-I became elevated about 7 days after admission and markedly increased as secondary brain damage developed. Excluding patients who died within 9 days of admission, the maximum serum ALP-I concentration was well correlated with the functional outcome. In cases in which barbiturate therapy was effective, the appearance of ALP-I was delayed and its elevation was suppressed. The results of this study suggest that measurement of serum ALP-I is useful not only in the management but also in predicting the prognosis of brain damage.
...
PMID:Measurement of serum alkaline phosphatase isozyme I in brain-damaged patients. 248 67

Adherent human embryo brain cells have been infected with HIV. Cells replicating HIV were maintained in culture for seven sequential passes over 7 months and continued to produce HIV during that time. Human embryo brain cells displayed glial-cell morphology and expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein. Electron microscopy showed clusters of virus particles around these cells as well as budding virus. Extracted, infected glial cells revealed bands for three major gag proteins, p18, p24 and p55, in Western blotting. It was not possible to detect CD4 antigen on the surface of these cells by indirect immunofluorescence or alkaline phosphatase staining with CD4 monoclonal antibodies. The results of these experiments indicate that HIV replicates in non-malignant brain cells. This observation strengthens the postulated aetiological link between HIV and the encephalopathy, dementia and other neurological symptoms observed in HIV-infected patients.
...
PMID:HIV replicates in cultured human brain cells. 312 70

The case records of 21 dogs with congenital portosystemic encephalopathy are reviewed. The disorder was most common in Australian cattledogs (blue heelers; 8 cases), Old English sheepdogs (3 cases) and Maltese terriers (3 cases). Extra-hepatic shunts occurred in small breeds, with the exception of 1 cattledog, while intra-hepatic shunts occurred in the medium to large breeds. The most common clinical pathology abnormalities were abnormal ammonia tolerance, mild to moderate increases in plasma alanine aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase concentrations, decreased total serum protein concentrations, increased fasting ammonia concentrations and ammonium biurate crystalluria. Radiological examination revealed that all the dogs had a small liver. The kidneys were enlarged in 5 of 10 dogs in which kidney size could be estimated. Surgical ligation of an extra-hepatic shunt was successful in 2 of 4 dogs in which it was attempted. Medical management resulted in alleviation of clinical signs in 5 of 8 dogs. The period of successful treatment ranged from a few months to over a year.
...
PMID:Canine congenital portosystemic encephalopathy. 319 May 91

The pathophysiological changes occurring with increasing grade of encephalopathy were examined in 93 consecutive episodes in 44 patients with liver cirrhosis (37 posthepatic). The incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding and leukocytosis increased significantly when the grade advanced from 1 to 5. The following variables showed a trend for change that did not reach statistical significance: rising serum bilirubin, SGOT, and BUN levels; decreasing serum sodium and chloride levels; and increased incidence of infection. The mean values of the following variables were significantly different in 25 fatal episodes and 68 survivors, implicating a bad prognosis: high serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and BUN levels; low serum albumin, sodium, and chloride levels; and a higher incidence of severe infections (sepsis, infected ascitic fluid). Because increasing grade of encephalopathy is the most important factor in determining the prognosis of hepatic encephalopathy (mortality 0, 10, 5, 19, and 85 percent in grades 1 to 5, respectively), more efforts should be made to understand and prevent the pathophysiological changes associated with advancing grades of encephalopathy.
...
PMID:Pathophysiological changes associated with increasing grade of hepatic encephalopathy. 324 14


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>

---