Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many studies have shown the indigenous elderly population and Asian immigrants to be groups at particular risk of vitamin D deficiency and osteomalacia, but there are no data on the risks in elderly Asians. In this community-based study a group of elderly Asians was compared with control groups of elderly and young whites and young Asians. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) were significantly lower (p < 0.0001) in elderly Asians (21/37) and young Asians (7/17) compared with white controls. The difference in parathyroid hormone (PTH) between Asians and whites was also significant (p < 0.0007) as was that between young and old (p < 0.0002). Abnormal PTH and 25-OHD3 (high PTH and low 25-OHD3), indicative of a high risk of osteomalacia, occurred in 22% of elderly Asians compared with 6% of elderly whites. The calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were normal in all individuals. Among the Asians, vegetarianism was not related to lower 25-OHD3 levels. Symptoms suggestive of osteomalacia were more common (p < 0.05) in elderly Asians than in their white counterparts. This first study of 25-OHD3 levels in community-resident elderly Asians suggests that more than half were low, placing them at a significantly higher risk of osteomalacia.
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PMID:Are elderly Asians in Britain at a high risk of vitamin D deficiency and osteomalacia? 779 30

Carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) was measured in sera from 25 patients with osteomalacia due to privational vitamin D deficiency. The mean value of serum PICP was significantly raised in patients with osteomalacia compared with 40 normal subjects (mean +/- SD, 161 +/- 82 ng/ml and 113 +/- 31 ng/ml, respectively; P = 0.01). The raised serum PICP reflected the accelerated bone turnover in this condition as did the elevated serum total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), but the variation in values of serum PICP noted in individual patients may reflect the different stages of osteomalacia. The normalization of serum PICP and ALP, indicating a healing process of the bone disorder, needed longer time of vitamin D and calcium therapy. In contrast, adjusted serum calcium and inorganic phosphate (IP) responded and normalized rapidly. Serum PICP and total ALP appeared to behave differently in the disease and in its response to vitamin D therapy suggesting that these two markers may represent different functions of osteoblasts in osteomalacia.
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PMID:Carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen in osteomalacia. 795 86

Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) is associated with decreased bone mineral density and increased risk of osteoporosis. However, the pathogenesis of this bone loss is not yet fully understood. In the present study we measured lumbar bone mineral density (by dual photon absorptiometry), serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D metabolites, and serum markers of bone turnover (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) in 15 patients with Crohn's disease and in 4 patients with ulcerative colitis. The median duration of the disease was 4 years and the median lifetime steroid dose was 10g of prednisone. We compared our results to a control group of 19 normal persons, who were matched for age and sex to the patients. We found that lumbar bone density was reduced by 11% in patients compared with control persons (Z-score -0.6 +/- 0.6 versus -0.1 +/- 0.8; p < 0.05). In patients, the serum levels of PTH, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, and calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) were significantly reduced compared with control persons. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity (AP) was significantly higher in the patients and was inversely related to lumbar bone density. Osteocalcin values were not different between patients and control persons. There was also no difference in serum levels of calcium between the two groups, whereas phosphorus levels were higher in patients. We conclude that malabsorption of calcium was not a primary cause of bone loss in our patients, because we did not find secondary hyperparathyroidism. Accordingly, we did not find a severe vitamin D deficiency, since 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were within the normal range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Bone mineral density and calcium regulating hormones in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). 800 8

Twenty-nine men who had undergone Billroth I gastrectomy and 19 men who had undergone Billroth II gastrectomy were studied to examine the changes in their calcium regulating hormones and bone mineral content following surgery. The serum calcium and phosphate concentrations in the patients with Billroth I and Billroth II were normal. The Billroth II group had an elevated level of serum alkaline phosphatase and reduced bone mineral content. The 24,25(OH)2D concentration was reduced (P < 0.01) and 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations were increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively) in the Billroth II group. It was suggested by our study that the Billroth II patients had a reduced bone mineral content and an elevated 1,25(OH)2D concentration. Therefore, the pathophysiology of postgastrectomy bone metabolic disease is not due to vitamin D deficiency, but may instead be due to reduced calcium absorption in the intestine.
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PMID:Calcium regulating hormones and bone mineral content in patients after subtotal gastrectomy. 803 1

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase activities were measured from birth to 6-9 mo of age in 60 healthy neonates to assess the effectiveness and potential toxicity of three intermittent oral doses of cholecalciferol. Two weeks after a first dose of 15, 5, or 2.5 mg, 25(OH)D concentrations reached 307 +/- 160, 150 +/- 55, and 92 +/- 42 nmol/L, respectively. Prolonged vitamin D overload, up to 6 mo, was found in 50% of the children given 15 mg, but not in the other infants. Serum calcium transiently increased 2 wk after 15 mg but not after the lower doses. Oral doses of 2.5 mg given every 3 mo appear to provide the best protection against vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D overload in high-risk infant populations that are unsuitable for daily vitamin D supplementation.
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PMID:Vitamin D prophylaxis during infancy: comparison of the long-term effects of three intermittent doses (15, 5, or 2.5 mg) on 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. 807 71

The relative effects of renal insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency on parathyroid gland function were assessed in 29 free-living elderly subjects by using a sensitive assay for intact parathyroid hormone (PTH). Serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and PTH were measured after an overnight fast during wintertime, after oral vitamin D therapy (20 micrograms cholecalciferol/d for 4 wk), and at the end of the subsequent summer. Hypovitaminosis D [serum 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L] was evident in 86% of the subjects during wintertime and 52% had elevated PTH concentrations. Multiple-regression analysis identified serum creatinine as the strongest predictor variable for serum PTH (multiple r = 0.73, P < 0.001). Mean (+/- SD) serum PTH declined from 6.3 +/- 2.8 to 5.0 +/- 2.0 pmol/L (P < 0.001) by the end of the summer season, coincident with an increase in serum 25(OH)D). Secondary hyperparathyroidism is common in elderly people, and in Ireland is the result of both renal insufficiency and hypovitaminosis D.
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PMID:Secondary hyperparathyroidism in elderly people: combined effect of renal insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency. 833 46

The etiology of osteoporosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unknown. We studied the calcium and vitamin D metabolism in 143 women with RA (mean age 50.7 years). Albumin corrected serum calcium was normal. Serum alkaline phosphatase was increased in 29 percent of cases. Serum vitamin D levels were frequently very low. In 16 percent of the RA patients serum 25(OH)D concentration was below 12.5 nmol/L, which is arbitrarily considered as the limit of vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia. In the winter season 73 percent of the patients had serum 1,25(OH)2D levels below the seasonally adjusted normal range. The lowest values were found in patients with high disease activity. We suggest that there is a disturbance in vitamin D metabolism in RA. This might play a role in osteoporosis associated with RA.
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PMID:Low serum vitamin D metabolites in women with rheumatoid arthritis. 835 9

To evaluate the vitamin D status in pregnant Pakistani women living in Oslo, we measured levels of serum calcidiol, calcitriol, vitamin D binding protein (DBP), osteocalcin, free calcium (Ca2+), phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH). Thirty Pakistani and 23 Norwegian women who delivered vaginally after uncomplicated pregnancies were included. The serum levels of calcidiol were significantly lower in the Pakistani group (p < 0.0001) as compared with the Norwegians, the mean values being 15.1 nmol/l and 43.1 nmol/l, respectively. PTH levels were above 5.5 pmol/l in 13 of the Pakistanis, none of the Norwegians. There were no differences in calculated free calcitriol, free calcium and inorganic phosphorus between the groups. Alkaline phosphatase was high, while osteocalcin was low in both groups, but there were no significant differences between the groups. This study shows that there is a widespread vitamin D deficiency amongst pregnant Pakistani women living in Oslo, indicating the need for vitamin D supplementation to these women and their children.
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PMID:Vitamin D deficiency amongst Pakistani women in Oslo. 838 12

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was evaluated in a population of elderly institutionalized subjects in seven long-term geriatric care facilities in France (Amiens, Francheville, Ivry, Lille, Montpellier, Oissel and Villejuif). Residents whose functional capability was relatively good were entered into the study. There were 126 patients (99 females and 27 males) with a mean age +/- SD of 84 +/- 6.6 years. All subjects had been institutionalized for over six months and were capable of walking at least as far as the dining room. None had received vitamin D or other compounds known to affect the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium within six months before the study. Vitamin D status was evaluated by determining serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 OH D) levels using a radiocompetition assay after extraction and chromatographic separation. Mean serum 25 OH D was 3.17 +/- 2.52 ng/ml (median 2.5). Eighty-five per cent of subjects had serum 25 OH D values of less than 5 ng/ml and 98% had values under 10 ng/ml, which is the cutoff usually taken to define vitamin D deficiency. Mean serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone were increased approximately two-fold as compared with values in healthy adults (70 +/- 39 pg/ml versus 33 +/- 12 pg/ml). Biochemical markers for bone formation (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin) and bone resorption (TRAP, hydroxyproline, pyridinoline) were all increased, with mean values 1.4-fold to 3.4-fold those seen in healthy adults. Serum 25 OH D levels were negatively correlated with serum intact parathyroid hormone levels (r = 0.41; p < 0.0001). Serum intact parathyroid hormone levels were positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase activity (r = 0.30; p < 0.001) and serum osteocalcin levels (r = 0.36; p < 0.0001) and negatively correlated with corrected serum calcium levels (r = -0.20; p < 0.02). Conclusion. Our data demonstrate that severe vitamin D deficiency is present in virtually all elderly institutionalized subjects and is accompanied with secondary hyperparathyroidism responsible for increases in markers of bone remodeling. Routine vitamin D supplementation is warranted in elderly institutionalized subjects.
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PMID:Prevalence and biological consequences of vitamin D deficiency in elderly institutionalized subjects. 857 30

Forty-five subjects (41 women and 4 men) in long-stay and medium-stay facilities, aged 74 to 95 years (mean 86.4 years), with 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels less than 12 ng/ml, were treated for six consecutive months with two tablets per day of a preparation containing vitamin D3 (800 IU/day) and calcium carbonate (1 g elemental calcium/day). Serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D were very low at baseline (5.6 +/- 0.4 ng/ml) and rose significantly under treatment, to normal values, 33.2 +/- 1.2 and 40.9 +/- 2.1 ng/ml after three and six months, respectively (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Serum calcium increased significantly, by 4.5% (p < 0.001) during the first three months, and remained at a plateau thereafter. Corrected serum calcium rose by 8.9% (p < 0.001) during the trial. No patient developed hypercalcemia. Serum parathyroid hormone levels, which were elevated at baseline (71.6 +/- 5.8 pg/ml; normal, 12 to 54 pg/ml), decreased gradually and significantly throughout the treatment period, by 43.0% and 67.1% after three and six months, respectively (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Serum alkaline phosphatase activity fell concomitantly, by 9.9% after three months (p < 0.01) and 36.5% after six months (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the preparation used in our study is effective in correcting both the vitamin D deficiency that is prevalent in elderly institutionalized patients and the resultant increase in bone turnover.
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PMID:Biochemical effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in elderly, institutionalized, vitamin D-deficient patients. 868 85


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