Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1964 a 42-year-old woman was hospitalized with clinical and laboratory signs of posttransfusion hepatitis five weeks after administration of six whole blood transfusions. During the following 17 years anicteric chronic liver disease was repeatedly documented by elevations of serum aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase enzymes. In 1981 hepatomegaly, progressive jaundice, and a serum alphafetoprotein level of 516,000 ng/ml were observed. Percutaneous liver biopsy showed a primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). Serologic examinations failed to reveal markers for hepatitis B virus including HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc by radioimmunoassay; antibody to hepatitis A virus was also absent. This sequence of events demonstrates a presumptive association of PHC and the agent(s) of non-A, non-B viral hepatitis.
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PMID:Primary hepatocellular carcinoma following non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis. 619 33

Among 2175 patients seen over the last three years in a non-specialized department of internal medicine with no intensive care unit, 100 had supranormal serum lactic dehydrogenase activities. These patients' case-reports have been analyzed. Nearly half the patients (47/100) had a malignant disease (cancer or hemopathy). Among the remaining patients, 19 had a hepatic disorder (alcohol hepatitis in 10, viral hepatitis in 8, and isoniazide hepatitis in 1), 7 had a heart disease (heart failure with hepatomegaly in 5, myocardial infarction in 2), and 27 had various other conditions (including hemolysis in 6 and polymyositis en 3). The value of serum LDH assay is obvious in situations other than acute conditions such as myocardial infarction of pulmonary embolism; these are better known and have not been studied here as their prevalence was low among the patients enlisted in our study. In comparison to other enzymes (alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), transaminases (GOT, GPT) that were also routinely assayed in our patients, abnormal serum LDH activities are much less common and their significance is quite different. An increase in serum and their significance is quite different. An increase in serum LDH activity indicates a serious condition, often with a fatal outcome. The "various other conditions" group includes patients with hemolysis, hepatitis and myositis; the other patients in this group either had severe infectious diseases or died suddenly in the first few days of their hospitalization before diagnosis had been established. Each etiologic group has been analyzed to asses the characteristics of patients with increased LDH activity according to each etiology. Analysis of coincident abnormalities of the other enzymes listed above shows marked differences between etiologic groups; diagnostic accuracy can thus be enhanced in certain conditions. Most patients with malignancies had poorly differentiated tumors, with metastases: 28 had an epithelial tumor, with hepatic and/or bone metastases in 23 cases, 5 had cancer of the liver, 10 had a malignant hemopathy (2 lymphomas, 5 myeloproliferative syndromes, 3 acute leukemias), and 4 had a sarcoma. Cancer of the lung is the most common malignancy (10 cases) and may be responsible for increased serum LDH activity even in patients without metastases. Serum LDH assay is of value for monitoring the course in patients with initially increased activities as it falls under effective therapy and rises during exacerbations.
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PMID:[Value and diagnostic significance of serum lactic dehydrogenase in internal medicine (author's transl)]. 628 24

Propylthiouracil-induced hepatitis is an uncommon entity. Two further cases are reported herein, and the clinical and laboratory features of the other six cases in the English literature are reviewed. The initial appearance of the disease is similar to that of viral hepatitis, characterized by nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. The biochemical pattern of injury is predominantly hepatocellular, with marked elevation of transaminase valves and less striking elevation of alkaline phosphatase values. Recovery is usually complete after withdrawal of the drug, but there have been at least two fatalities, including the first patient (to our knowledge) whose case is reported herein. Despite its rarity, the disease should be suspected in any patient receiving propylthiouracil in whom clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatocellular injury develops.
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PMID:Propylthiouracil and hepatitis. Two cases and a review of the literature. 660 33

Bridging hepatic necrosis has, in the past, been found to be of prognostic significance in patients with acute viral hepatitis. In two studies performed on a selected group of patients with acute viral hepatitis, one-third of the patients with bridging hepatic necrosis developed chronic liver disease. These patients differed from the average hepatitis patient in that they were more severely ill and a higher percentage of them had acute viral hepatitis Type B. As all army personnel in Israel who develop jaundice and are suspected of having acute viral hepatitis are hospitalized, regardless of their clinical state, they constitute a group of patients not preselected for severity of illness. Forty-eight soldiers diagnosed clinically and biochemically as having viral hepatitis were hospitalized during a 27-month period. After giving informed consent, 41 of them underwent a liver needle biopsy within a few days of hospitalization. Each histological specimen was coded, and was then examined for bridging hepatic necrosis by three independent observers. Fourteen patients (34%) were found to have bridging hepatic necrosis. Clinically, these patients could not be clearly separated from the group without bridging hepatic necrosis, although hepatomegaly was more frequent among them, and their mean leukocyte count and bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels were higher. During a follow-up of more than 1 year, patients in both groups recovered completely. Four patients, two in each group, consented to a second liver needle biopsy, which was found to be normal. We conclude that bridging hepatic necrosis seems to be more common than expected, and does not seem to have the severe prognostic significance attributed to it in the past.
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PMID:Bridging hepatic necrosis in acute viral hepatitis. 669 68

Serum ferritin and biochemical liver tests (serum bilirubin, serum aspartate transaminase, serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), and serum alkaline phosphatase) were recorded at regular intervals from admission to recovery in six patients with acute viral hepatitis. There was a proportional, significant decrease in ferritin bilirubin, and transaminase were reached simultaneously, whereas gamma-GT and alkaline phosphatase remained elevated for a slightly longer time. The correlations between corresponding measurements of ferritin and biochemical liver tests were as follows: ferritin and alkaline phosphatase, r = 0.72, P less than 0.001; ferritin and bilirubin, r = 0.68, P less than 0.001; ferritin and transaminase, r = 0.53, P less than 0.001; ferritin and gamma-GT. r = 0.50, P less than 0.001. In viral hepatitis serum ferritin offers no diagnostic advantage compared with already established tests for hepatocellular damage.
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PMID:Serum ferritin in acute viral hepatitis. 671 75

Physician response to, as well as outcome, cost and health effectiveness of the alkaline phosphatase component of an automated chemical screening panel in the primary medical care setting were studied. Out of 118 unexpected deviations, only one new diagnosis resulted--type A viral hepatitis. Because only one new diagnosis was made during the study period, estimates are tentative; however, when compared to other tests, the alkaline phosphatase component has a low health effectiveness (0.0298 Discounted Well-Years) and a low cost-effectiveness ($85,400 per Discounted Well-Years) and does not appear to be an economic way to make new diagnoses of therapeutically responsive diseases in the primary care setting.
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PMID:The abnormal outpatient chemistry panel serum alkaline phosphatase: analysis of physician response, outcome, cost and health effectiveness. 679 34

A newly recognized clinical and morphologic pattern of acute alcoholic liver disease is described. Twenty-one patients, having the hepatic morphologic features of alcoholic foamy degeneration, were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had a significant history of chronic alcoholism. Jaundice and hepatomegaly were usually present. Hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, bleeding esophageal varices, or functional renal failure occurred in less than 10%. Usually this was the first episode of decompensation. Laboratory studies revealed a pattern of very transiently marked elevation of serum aminotransferase and more prolonged elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity and bilirubin levels. In the majority of cases, leukocytosis was absent, and serum cholesterol was elevated. The laboratory profile differed significantly from that of acute sclerosing hyaline necrosis. Serologic markers of acute viral hepatitis A and B were absent. Needle biopsy specimens of the liver revealed intact lobular architecture except for 1 case of cirrhosis. The perivenular hepatocytes revealed foamy fatty change characterized by striking cell swelling with massive accumulation of microvesicular fat, bile pigment deposition in the cytoplasm, and no displacement of the nucleus to the periphery of the cell. Megamitochondria were frequently identified. Multiple foci of hepatocyte dropout without significant parenchymal neutrophilic exudation and delicate intrasinusoidal collagen fibers were present in the perivenular area. Macrovesicular fatty change coexisted to a variable degree. The affected hepatocytes had extensive disorganization of the organelles by electron microscopy and decreased or absent functional activity by enzyme histochemical staining. These changes appear to be a purely degenerative process without inflammatory reaction. All patients in the present series showed a rapid recovery upon abstaining from alcohol.
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PMID:Alcoholic foamy degeneration--a pattern of acute alcoholic injury of the liver. 682 80

200 mg UDPG or placebo respectively were administered after an observation period of 1 week to two randomly constructed groups of patients aged 15-35 yr with acute viral hepatitis but no prior history of disease. In the treated patients, mean decreases were most marked and most rapid in the case of SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubinaemia. These results offer good reason for supposing that UDPG can be usefully employed in the management of acute viral hepatitis.
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PMID:[Uridine diphosphate glucose in acute viral hepatitis]. 703 53

Forty-three women who had viral hepatitis one or more years ago and 35 healthy women who were age and parity matched were given an oral contraceptive containing 0.05mg ethinyl estradiol and 0.5mg levonorgestrel for six consecutive months. Liver function tests (serum bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT and serum alkaline phosphatase) and serum proteins (total, albumin, globulins, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and alpha-1 antitrypsin) were measured before beginning treatment and after three and six months of use. Past hepatitis women experienced increased unconjugated bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase levels throughout the six months while the control women showed less pronounced changes during the first three months with tendency to reversion to normal during the subsequent three months; the group X time of test interactions were significantly different between the two groups. Serum haptoglobin decreased significantly in both groups but the past-hepatitis group showed a more persistent change with time. Changes also occurred in serum albumin, alpha-1 and beta globulins, ceruloplasmin but without group effect or group X time interactions.
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PMID:Effects of oral contraception on liver function tests and serum proteins in women with past viral hepatitis. 712 36

The association of viral hepatitis, type B, with the use of prothrombin complex concentrates (PPSB) has been well documented. PPSB prepared from cold-sterilized plasma (beta-propiolactone treated and UV irradiated) has been shown not to induce hepatitis in chimpanzees. 500 U of cold-sterilized PPSB were infused into 5 healthy male volunteers. Previous to, and up to 6 months after, PPSB-application in addition to careful clinical investigations, the following hepatitis parameters were determined: SGOT, SGPT, y-GT, alkaline phosphatase, total serum bilirubin, HBsAg, HBcAb and HBsAb. On the basis of all of the above parameters there was no indication of induction of viral hepatitis following the application of PPSB prepared from beta-propiolactone/UV treated plasma.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of the hepatitis safety of a beta-propiolactone/ultraviolet treated factor IX concentrate (PPSB). 715 32


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