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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The localization of alkaline phosphomonoesterase (EC 3.1.3.1) was studied in two Pseudomonas species: P. maltophilia VKM B-591 and P. aeruginosa VKM B-889. The former species is characterized by constitutive synthesis of alkaline phosphatase, and its level is not regulated by orthophosphate in the medium. The enzyme of the latter species is orthophosphate-repressible. The two species differ also in the localization of the enzyme in the cell. Under the conditions of derepression (the absence of inorganic phosphate from the medium), the enzyme of the repressible strain of P. aeruginosa is actively synthesized on the membranes and secreted into the medium. Most of the enzyme activity (80--90%) is found in the cultural broth 4 h after phosphorus starvation. In P. maltophilia, 90% of the synthesized enzyme is found in the membrane fraction irrespective of the incubation time under the same conditions. Apparently, a correlation exists between the regulation of alkaline phosphatase synthesis and the localization of the enzyme. It is likely that in P. aeruginosa, just as in E. coli, alkaline phosphatase is synthesized on polysomes attached to the membrane, with the subsequent translocation of the enzyme to the site of its localization. P. maltophilia appears to have a defect in one of its membrane component responsible for the regulation of the synthesis and the secretion of the enzyme in the cell.
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PMID:[Relationship of Pseudomonas maltophilia alkaline phosphatase to its membranes]. 679 9

A tritium derivative method for sequence analysis of polyribonucleotides is detailed, which is based on borotritide reduction of oligonucleotide-3' dialdehydes generated by controlled snake venom phosphodiesterase/alkaline phosphomonoesterase digestion and periodate treatment of time point aliquots of the incubation mixture. Radioactive oligonucleotide derivatives are resolved according to chain length by PEI-cellulose(1) anion-exchange TLC and their 3'-termini identified by techniques described in the preceding paper of this series(2). The present tritium derivative method is compared with the one described previously(2).
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PMID:Tritium sequence analysis of oligoribonucleotides: a combination of post-labeling and thin-layer chromatographic techniques for the analysis of partial snake venom phosphodiesterase digests. 1079 93

The effects of the application as fertilizer during ten years of two sewage sludges (aerobically and anaerobically digested, at rates of 400, 800, and 1200 kg of N/ha yr), on the aggregate stability and contents of related organic matter components, microbial biomass and levels of five enzymatic activities (alkaline phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, urease, arylsulphatase and dehydrogenase) were investigated. The application of both sludges at mid and high rates gave rise to significant increases of organic matter, humified substances and humic acids, but no effects on carbohydrates, microbial gums and aggregate stability were observed. As for biological activity in soils, the high variability of data led to a general absence of statistical significance despite the large differences between treatments observed. Significant increases of phosphodiesterase activity were nevertheless produced by the high rate of aerobic sludge and the mid and high rates of the anaerobic sludge.
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PMID:Organic matter components, aggregate stability and biological activity in a horticultural soil fertilized with different rates of two sewage sludges during ten years. 1127 16

Unilateral adrenalectomy in mice on pregnancy day 14 stimulates activity of alkaline phosphomonoesterase in placenta on pregnancy day 21. This is often accompanied with changes in the enzyme activity in fetal liver, kidneys, bone, intestine. Additional isoforms of alkaline phosphomonoesterase appear in the electrophoretic spectrum.
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PMID:[Effect of adrenalectomy in pregnant mice on activity and spectrum of alkaline phosphomonoesterase in placenta and fetal organs]. 1263 19

We examined the peculiarities of the structure of the blood-vascular bed and perivascular cells in zones of osteogenesis in the epiphyses and metaphises of femoral bones of rats, flown aboard the US laboratory SLS-2 for two weeks by electron microscopy and histochemistry. In zones of bone remodeling, there was a tendency for a reduction of sinusoid capillary specific volume. Endotheliocytes preserve the typical structure. In the population of perivascular cells, we discovered differentiating osteogenic cells that contained alkaline phosphomonoesterase as well as cells that don't contain this enzyme and differentiate into fibroblasts. The fibroblasts genesis in zones of adaptive remodeling of spongy bones leads to a further development of fibrous tissue that is not subject to mineralization.
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PMID:Changes of cell-vascular complex in zones of adaptive remodeling of the bone tissue under microgravity conditions. 1500 92

The nucleoside content of 32 elapid and viperid venoms was examined. Free purines, principally adenosine (ADO), inosine (INO), and guanosine (GUA), comprised as much as 8.7% of the solid components of some venoms. Thus, purines are far more abundant in some venoms than many proteinaceous toxins. Hypoxanthine (HYP) was found in about half of elapid and viperine venoms, in which it is a relatively minor constituent (<60 microg/g). Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) was tentatively identified in only three elapid and two viperid venoms. The pyrimidines, uridine (URI) and cytidine (CYT), were also found in most elapid and viperine venoms. In most of these, the amount of uridine was substantially greater than that of cytidine. Thymidine (THY) was not found in any venom, indicating that DNA from disintegration of glandular cells is not the source of venom nucleosides. In contrast to elapid and viperine venoms, most crotaline venoms are devoid of free nucleosides. Elapid and viperine venoms also contained other minor, low molecular weight constituents that could not be positively identified. Some had spectra identical to those of adenosine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), inosine, xanthosine (XAN), and guanosine, while others had unique spectra. There is no apparent correlation between quantities of venom nucleosides and literature values for the three dominant venom enzymes that release endogenous nucleosides, 5'-nucleotidase (5NUC), phosphodiesterase (PDE), and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (PME).
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PMID:Taxonomic distribution and quantitative analysis of free purine and pyrimidine nucleosides in snake venoms. 1562 16

Impacts of diazinon, imidacloprid and lindane treatments on dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase enzyme activities were determined in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) field for three consecutive years (1997-1999). Diazinon was applied as both seed and soil treatments but imidacloprid and lindane were used for seed treatments only at recommended rates. Experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station Durgapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Diazinon residues were persist up till 60 days in both the cases. Average half-lives (t(1/2)) of diazinon were found 29.3 and 34.8 days, respectively, for seed and soil treatments. Diazinon seed treatment had no significant effect on dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase enzymes activities. In diazinon soil treatment, there were a significant increase in dehydrogenase and decrease in alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities after 24 h of treatment, which continued till 30 days. In seed treatments, imidacloprid and lindane were present in soil up to 90 and 120 days with average half-lives (t(1/2)) of 40.9 and 53.3 days, respectively. Within 90 days, imidacloprid residues were declined up to 73.17% to 82.49% while decline in lindane residues ranged from 78.19% to 79.86% within 120 days. In imidacloprid seed treated field, both dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase activities were increased between 15 and 60 days after sowing. However, a significant decreases in both dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase enzyme activities were observed between 15 and 90 days after lindane seed treatment.
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PMID:Dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase activities in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) field after diazinon, imidacloprid and lindane treatments. 1591 Aug 99

This study is aimed to investigate the activities of phosphomonoesterase (acid-, neutral-, and alkaline-), phosphodiesterase and phosphotriesterase in a rice-planting meadow brown soil at the lower reach of Liao River, and their responses to different fertilization treatments. The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil total P and organic P contents among all treatments, but soil available P content was significantly higher in treatment OM than in other treatments. Soil acid-and neutral phosphomonoesterase had a higher activity than alkaline phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase, while phosphotriesterase had the lowest activity. No significant difference was found in phosphatase activities between different fertilization treatments. Soil acid phosphomonoesterase activity had a significant correlation with soil total P and available P contents, while soil phosphodiesterase activity significantly correlated with soil organic P content.
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PMID:[Phosphatase activities in rice-planting meadow brown soil and their responses to fertilization]. 1594 82

Venoms of Heloderma horridum and Heloderma suspectum were analyzed for the possible presence of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides. Adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, inosine, and uridine were found in mug quantities. These amounts are much smaller than those seen in many elapid or viperine venoms, but greater and more varied than those found in crotaline venoms. While their contribution to the hypotension induced by Heloderma venoms may be minor, venom nucleosides nonetheless act in concert with kallikreins/hemorrhagins, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, 5'-nucleotidase, helodermin, helospectins, helothermine, and serotonin. The use of nucleosides as toxins is therefore a generalized squamate strategy, rather than the exclusive province of snakes. Both Heloderma venoms were found to be devoid of NADase and phosphodiesterase activities. Enzymes to release endogenous purines in the prey, are not significant components of Heloderma venoms.
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PMID:Nucleoside composition of Heloderma venoms. 1843 May 99

In the MSH cell at the onset of secretory activity, acid hydrolase activity increases. This increased activity, shown quantitatively by assaying beta-glycerophosphatase and R-glucuronidase within the stimulated gland, has been shown by electron cytochemical methods for beta-glycerophosphatase (acid phosphatase) and aryl sulphatase to be related to the production of large numbers of dense bodies. Cytochemical evidence also supports the view that these lytic bodies arise from GERL-like cisternal elements since it is shown that in addition to the flattened, parallel Golgi cisternae these elements are also R-glycerophosphatase-positive. The similarities between the dense bodies and those of other cell types are described and discussed.
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PMID:Studies on secretory activity in the pars intermedia of Xenopus laevis 2: A biochemical and electron cytochemical investigation of acid hydrolase activity following the stimulation of secretory activity in vivo. 1863 1


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