Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some enzymatic activities and toxic properties of four samples of Ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) venom were investigated. There is little intraspecific variation in enzyme contents, protein composition and toxic properties of the venom. The venom does not exhibit hemolytic or edema-inducing activity but is characterized by an exceptionally high alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity. DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography of the venom indicate that the major lethal toxins are the low mol.wt, non-enzymatic basic proteins. Venom fractions exhibiting high enzymatic activities apparently do not play an important role in the lethality in mice of Ophiophagus hannah venom.
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PMID:Enzymatic and toxic properties of Ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) venom and venom fractions. 274 65

Bungarus candidus venom exhibited high hyaluronidase, acetylcholinesterase and phospholipase A activities; low proteinase, 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities and moderately high L-amino acid oxidase activity. SP-Sephadex C-50 ion exchange chromatographic fractionation of the venom and Sephadex G-50 chromatography of the major lethal venom fractions indicate that the venom contains at least two highly lethal, basic phospholipases A with LD50 (i.v.) values of 0.02 micrograms/g (F6A) and 0.18 micrograms/g (F4A), respectively; as well as two polypeptide toxins with LD50 (i.v.) values of 0.17 micrograms/g and 0.83 micrograms/g, respectively. The major lethal toxin is the basic lethal phospholipase A, F6A, which accounts for approximately 13% of the venom protein and has a mol. wt of 21,000.
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PMID:The lethal and biochemical properties of Bungarus candidus (Malayan krait) venom and venom fractions. 279 37

1. The L-amino acid oxidase, hyaluronidase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, protease, phosphodiesterase, acetylcholinesterase, phospholipase A and 5'-nucleotidase activities of 47 samples of venoms from all the six species of cobra (Naja), including five subspecies of Naja naja, were examined. 2. The results demonstrated interspecific differences in the venom contents of phospholipase A, acetylcholinesterase, hyaluronidase and phosphodiesterase. These differences in venom enzyme contents can be used for the differentiation of species of the genus Naja. 3. Thus, our results revealed a correlation between the enzyme composition of venom and the taxonomic status of the snake at the species level for the genus Naja.
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PMID:A comparative study of cobra (Naja) venom enzymes. 285 66

The maximum activity (Vmax) of acid phosphomonoesterase (E.C.3.1.3.2.) at pH 5.5 and 37 degrees C was found to be 2.68 +/- 0.25 and 3.85 +/- 0.24 mu moles phenol mg protein-1 min-1 in male and female Bunostomum trigonocephalum, respectively. The Vmax of alkaline phosphomonoesterase (E.C.3.1.3.1) at pH 10.0 and 37 degrees C was 0.75 +/- 0.04 and 1.15 +/- 0.05 mu moles phenol mg protein-1 min-1 in male and female B. trigonocephalum, respectively. The Michaelis constant (Km) values were 10.25 mM and 11.76 mM for acid and 8.69 mM and 9.09 mM for alkaline phosphomonoesterase in male and female worms, respectively. Enzymal activities were optimum at 7.0 and 9.0% enzyme concentrations, at incubation periods of 60 and 20 min and at temperatures of 50 and 45 degrees C for acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterases, respectively. Dialysis in distilled water decreased the activity of both enzymes, while only acid phosphomonoesterase activity increased in citrate buffer (pH 5.5) and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity in carbonate buffer (pH 10.0).
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PMID:Studies on kinetic properties of non-specific phosphomonoesterases in the sheep nematode, Bunostomum trigonocephalum Rudolphi, 1808. 302 83

The toxic and biological activities of four samples of Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus venom were examined. The lethality, protein composition and biological activities of the four venom samples were similar. Three of the venom samples had LD50 (i.v.) values of 0.9 micrograms/g while the fourth had a lower LD50 (i.v.) of 0.45 micrograms/g. All four venom samples exhibited hemorrhagic, edema-inducing, anticoagulant and thrombin-like activities as well as the usual enzymes found in crotalid venoms. DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange chromatographic fractionation of the venom yielded 10 protein fractions. Only two fractions (fractions A and F) were lethal to mice; the major lethal fraction being fraction F. This fraction had an LD50 (i.v.) of 0.2 micrograms/g and exhibited hemorrhagic, edema-inducing and thrombin-like activity. It also exhibited phospholipase A, arginine ester hydrolase, arginine amidase, protease, 5'-nucleotidase, acetylcholinesterase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities. The lethal potency of fraction F is potentiated by fraction G, which exhibited anticoagulant activity as well as hemorrhagic, edema-inducing and enzymatic activities. Fractions F plus G account for almost 100% of the lethal potency of the venom.
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PMID:Biological properties of Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus (shore pit viper) venom and its fractions. 324 58

The enzymatic activities of four samples of Malayan cobra venom were investigated. There was significant variation in the contents of L-amino acid oxidase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, acetylcholinesterase, phospholipase A, 5'-nucleotidase and hyaluronidase. The phosphodiesterase content was, however, constant. Storage of the lyophilized venom powder at 25 degrees C for 1 month did not affect the enzymatic activities. The venom enzymatic activities were generally also stable at 4 degrees C in 0.85% saline solution. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 39 days in 0.85% saline solution, the venom still retained considerable amounts of enzymatic activities. SP-Sephadex C-25 ion-exchange chromatography of the venom showed that the phospholipase A, L-amino acid oxidase, 5'-nucleotidase, phosphodiesterase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase exist in multiple forms.
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PMID:Enzymatic activities of Malayan cobra (Naja naja sputatrix) venoms. 343 96

Adult Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinae obtained from the fowl (Gallus gallus) were treated in vitro with 10(-2) to 10(-5) M parbendazole and piperazine adipate for 10-60 min at 38 degrees C. Both the compounds at 10(-2) M caused mortality of A. galli and H. gallinae after a maximum of 30 min exposure. The effect of the drugs on the homogenates of the treated worm was investigated. Parbendazole (10(-2) M) inhibited malate oxidation by 68% in A. galli and 62% in H. gallinae. Piperazine adipate (10(-2) M) inhibited malate oxidation by 78% in both parasites. In A. galli oxaloacetate reduction was inhibited by 41 and 26% by 10(-2) M parbendazole and piperazine adipate, respectively; with H. gallinae this inhibition was found to be 39 and 55%, respectively. Aldolase activity in both the parasites was also inhibited by 10(-2) M parbendazole and piperazine adipate. Both compounds caused an inhibition of acid phosphomonoesterase activity, but the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase were not affected significantly. Parbendazole (10(-2) M) had no significant effect on the cholinesterase activity of these parasites, but piperazine adipate (10(-2) M) caused an inhibition of 96% in A. galli and 93% in H. gallinae. The possible mode of action of the drugs is discussed.
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PMID:Effect of parbendazole and piperazine adipate on the activity of some enzymes of Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinae. 361 27

The enzyme contents of four venom samples of Calloselasma rhodostoma were analyzed. The venoms contained phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, 5'-nucleotidase, protease, phospholipase A, L-amino acid oxidase, hyaluronidase, arginine ester hydrolase, arginine amidase, fibrinogenase and coagulant enzyme activities. There is significant variation in the contents of coagulant enzyme, arginine ester hydrolase, hyaluronidase, protease, phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase and L-amino acid oxidase. DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange chromatography of the venom resolved it into eight major protein fractions. The eight fractions were heterogeneous and exhibited more than one type of enzymatic activity. The 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, protease, coagulant enzyme, arginine ester hydrolase, arginine amidase and fibrinogenase exist in multiple forms.
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PMID:Enzymatic activities of Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper) venom. 375 Mar 51

Cardiac rupture occurs in 10 per cent of patients who die with acute myocardial infarction, but the pathogenesis remains unclear. Twenty randomly selected patients with cardiac rupture were reviewed retrospectively at autopsy, and the findings were compared with those of 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects who had died of acute transmural myocardial infarction without rupture. The times from the onset of chest pain to death were similar in the two groups (5.7 +/- 5.8 days for patients with rupture versus 4.2 +/- 4.9 days for control subjects), and there were no differences in the incidences of systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, history of myocardial infarction, or angina pectoris. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was different in the two groups, with 55 per cent of the patients with cardiac rupture having single-vessel disease and 70 per cent of the patients without cardiac rupture having disease in three vessels. Additionally, the incidence of thrombosis was greater in patients with cardiac rupture than in those without. The inflammatory cell response in each patient was quantitated microscopically (number and type of leukocytes) in ten high-power fields. The inflammatory response was greater in patients with cardiac rupture. The number of eosinophils in the inflammatory response was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater in hearts associated with cardiac rupture (29.5 +/- 4 per cent) than in control hearts (11.7 +/- 3.1 per cent). It is postulated that eosinophils rich in arylsulfatase B, peroxidase, glucuronidase, beta-glycerophosphatase, major basic protein, and eosinophilic cationic protein may further weaken the necrotic myocardium and, in part, determine whether acute myocardial infarction will eventually result in cardiac rupture.
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PMID:Association of eosinophils with cardiac rupture. 399 34

The histochemical methods were used to study alkaline phosphomonoesterase of capillaries, glycosaminoglycanes of vascular walls, and tissular basophils of rat brain after local gamma-irradiation of the head with doses of 51.6-645 mC/kg. During the first minutes and hours after irradiation, the actively functioning capillary network lengthened and secretion of indolylamines by tissular basophils increased. It is assumed that the changes observed are compensatory.
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PMID:[Morphofunctional state of vascular wall components in the rat brain following gamma-irradiation of the head]. 403 48


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