Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Melengestrol acetate (MGA) was administered orally to groups of 10 female and 3 male Beagles at doses of 0, 1, 2, or 8 microgram/kg of body weight/day for 2 years. Treatment was continuous at the same dose rate in the first 3 groups, but in the 4th group, the dose for bitches was reduced to 4 microgram of MGA/kg/day during the 2nd year. Matings were made within MGA-dosage groups and among 10 additional bitches treated at 1 microgram of MGA/kg/day and the dogs treated at 8 microgram/kg/day. Doses of 8 and 4 microgram of MGS/kg caused progestational effects on the uterus resulting in expected histopathologic changes, dystocia, and pyometritis. Leukocytosis, normocytic, hypochromic anemia, and increased alkaline phosphatase values were the results of systemic and uterine effects consistent with the indirect and expected pharmacologic action of progestational agents in the bitch. Doses of 1 and 2 microgram of MGA/kg in dogs and bitches and 8 microgram/kg in dogs produced no significant differences in clinical observations, hematologic findings, blood chemical analysis, urinalysis, organ weights, or gross and microscopic observations at necropsy.
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PMID:Clinical, morphologic, and clinicopathologic findings in Beagles treated for two years with melengestrol acetate. 59 89

The biochemical assay of alkaline phosphatase in the uterus of mice revealed a 13-fold increase in the activity of the enzyme during the peri-implantation period with a relatively short-lived maximum being reached on Day 7 of pregnancy. A similar increase in the activity of the enzyme occurred between Days 5 and 7 of pseudopregnancy in uterine horns of mice receiving a deciduoma-inducing stimulus on Day 4. The presence of factors in uterine homogenates which could possibly modify the activity of the enzyme could not be detected. Low and unaltered levels of alkaline phosphatase activity were found in the blood serum of mice between Days 1 and 10 of pregnancy, suggesting that no appreciable entry of the uterine enzyme into the circulation occurs in this species. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the uterine homogenates was associated with particulate fractions sedimented during centrifucation at at 500, 10,000 and 105,000 g, and only about 29% of the activity was associated with the cytosol fraction. The subcellular distribution of the enzyme activity was the same in decidualized and non-decidualized horns. The association of the enzyme with the particulate material in uterine cells was considered to involve lipoprotein membranes because treatment of homogenates with 0.2% (v/v) Triton X-100 solubilized the enzyme without affecting its catalytic activity.
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PMID:Activity and subcellular distribution of mouse uterine alkaline phosphatase during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. 72 79

The fixed position of trophoblast in the uterus is preceded by zygote orientation and its contact, adhession and fusion with endometrial cell membrane. These interactions take place in a precise site called "implantation site". The identification of this area by the administration of pontamine blue has allowed biochemical studies which showed an increase (in the site) of glycolytic enzymes activity of the pentose cycle, of beta-glucuramidase and of acid and alkaline phosphatase; with a decrease in catepsine D activity. In non implanted tissue, isocitric dehydrogenase activity is decreased. From the biochemical standpoint the implanted endometrium may be different from the rest, which allows a better knowledge of possible molecular mechanisms related with implantation, as well as the possible inhibition with medication.
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PMID:[New concepts related to implantation. III. Biochemical characteristics]. 74 94

In a series of experiments with a total of 1480 veal calves, different aspects of treating calves with anabolic steroids were examined. The anabolics used were 17beta-estradiol (E), trenbolone acetate (T), progesterone (P), testosterone (Te), C+T, E+P, E+Te and zeranole (Z). The N-retention was estimated by examining the urea: creatinine ratio in single urine specimens during the course of two feeding trials. Increased gain due to the treatment with E (20 mg implanted/calf) + P (200 mg) and Te (200 mg), respectively, E + T (140 mg) or Z (36 mg) was during the whole experimental period. The extra gain, due to anabolics seems to contain even more protein. This conclusion may be supported by the crude protein content of meat samples. The antibody production of a total of 311 male and female calves was investigated after the application of the following steroids: E (20 mg), T (200 mg), T (200 mg), E + T, P (200 mg), Te (200 mg), E + P, E + Te, and Z. Eleven days after the implantation of the steroids the animals were immunized with alumprecipitated human serumalbumin. Antibody-titres were determined by the Antigen-Binding-Capacity Test on day 14 following immunization. In nearly all groups the antibody-titres of female calves exceeded those of male calves on the average by 75%. The immune response of all experimental groups did not differ significantly from that of the corresponding control groups. However, the results indicate that both E + T and its single components E and T exert an immunodepressive effect in male calves. While the humoral antibody formation in the calf appears not to be influenced by anabolic steroids, it cannot be decided presently whether these substances effect cell-mediated immune reactions and/or unspecific mechanisms of resistance. When estradiol (20, 200, and 500 mg) and trenbolone acetate (140, 1400, 3500 mg) alone and in combination were implanted in female calves, blood glucose, GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, LDH, cholesterine and bilirubine; Hb, PVC, quick value; urine density and pH were not affected by treatment. Some criteria of the mineral metabolism (Ca- and P-levels in serum and bone) was not altered by treatment. Trenbolone (1 400 and 3 500 mg), especially with estradiol, caused a decrease of the serum Mg-level and of the Mg-deposition in the bone. It is discussed that Trenbolone affects the dig-metabolism of calves. Some morphological findings are worth mentioning. The weight of uterus was not affected by the different doses of E or T, but a combination E + T led to a surprising weight increase. The proliferation of uterine glandular cells was responsible for the increased uterine size. The lumen of uterus was partially filled with a watery liquid. The reduction of the ovarian weight was accompanied by a diminution of follicular size for all treated calves, most evident for E (200, 500 mg) + T (1400, 3500 mg). A decrease in the number of follicles was also found for these two groups. T (3500 mg) caused an abnormal size of the clitoris and led to a reduction of the size of thymus.
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PMID:Physiological data including evaluation of immuno-response in relation to anabolic effects on veal calves. 78 65

Intramuscular injections of testosterone propionate (Perandren, CIBA) at a dose level of 2.5 mg per day for 10 days into adult female parakeet caused an increment of differentiated follicles in the ovary. The histological study of the testosterone treated oviduct of the bird showed well developed villi with a significant number of tubular glands particularly in the middle and distal parts of the oviduct. The high level of alkaline phosphatase activity and ascorbic acid concentration in the distal part of the oviduct in treated birds probably increase the power of hatchable eggs which has a close relationship with the enzyme and vitamin C concentration in the uterus. The testosterone treatment causes a marked depletion of granulosal vitamins from ovary but augments the ascorbate mobilization in the thecal region to a very great extent probably due to more LH secretion from the pituitary.
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PMID:Histological and histochemical studies on the female reproductive system of rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) after testosterone propionate treatment. 81 Oct 44

Treatment of ovariectomized gerbils with 2 microng oestradiol-17beta/day for 3 days resulted in decreasing alkaline phosphatase activity in the uterus at 15 days, 30 days 3 months and 18 months. Relative uterine weight decreased at 3 months but increased at 18 months.
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PMID:Response of the Mongolian gerbil uterus to oestradiol-17beta at various times after ovariectomy. 85 Feb 23

The localization and enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase, non-specific esterase and leucine aminopeptidase were studied in normal menopausal corpus uterine tissues and its benign (fibromyoma and cellular fibromyoma) and malignant tumours (endometrium adenocarcinomata and spindle cell sarcoma). Alkaline phosphatase was localized in the cytoplasm and nuclear structures and showed the highest intense activity in well-differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma. Non-specific esterase was confined to the cytoplasm and was particularly marked in undifferentiated adenocarcinoma cells. Leucine aminopeptidase was considerably higher in spindle cell sarcoma than endometrium adenocarcinoma. Generally, the aforementioned enzymes were increased in neoplastic tumour tissues of the uterus than the homologous normal tissues.
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PMID:Cytoenzymology of benign and malignant tumours of the corpus uteri. III. Alkaline phosphatase, non-specific esterase and leucine aminopeptidase. 91 9

An attempt was made to make an early diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation due to chronic placental insufficiency using ultrasound cephalometry and biochemical tests of placental function. We examined 83 hospitalised patients in whom there was a risk or suspicion of chronic placental insufficiency. For each patient an average of 4 determinations were made of head diameter, 10 of estriol and 3 of pregnandiol urinary excretion, 6 serum HPL and 7 of heat stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP). Fetal growth retardation was assumed if the last 2 determined head diameters were below the normal curve with the same tendency and with term being well predicted. Biochemical parameters were considered to indicate pathological changes if they were 95% below normal values, with 2 below this range or 3 continuously falling below the normal level. Infants were assessed after birth both neurologically and somatically according to DUBOWITZ. Small for date infants were those whose birth weight was below the 10th percentile (LUBCHENKO). This was found to be the case in 15 out of 83 newborns five of whom were younger than 37 weeks. These 15 could be diagnosed before birth with various degrees of certainty. For estriol and HPL this was 67% or 53% and these two parameters were found to be the most valuable. Cephalometry was found to be less valuable with 20%, pregnandiol levels with 9% and placental HSAP with 33%. Hence it is recommended to perform serial determinations of estriol and HPL in the third trimester of pregnancy in all patients with histories indicative of fetal growth retardation and in those in whom the uterus appears small for date.
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PMID:Ultrasound and biochemical findings in intrauterine growth retardation. 96 34

The effect of stilbestrol treatment on alkaline and acid uterine phosphatases was studied in rabbits during the preimplantation and postimplantation stages of pregnancy. The acid phosphatase activity in the uterus closely paralleled that of alkaline phosphatase, but was not as pronounced. Mating did not result in an immediate rise in uterine phosphatases, although the uterine alkaline activity at the site of implantation was almost doubled. The preimplantation administration of stilbestrol to mated animals resulted in a considerable increase in uterine phosphatases. However, the administration of stilbestrol on Days 7-9 of pregnancy reduced uterine alkaline phosphatase activity by about 67% and uterine acid activity by about 45% at the implantation side.
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PMID:Effect of stilbestrol on the uterine phosphatases of the rabbit. 113 36

Total protein, RNA and DNA content and the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases, 5'-nucleotidase and isocitrate dehydrogenase were studied in rat uterus during the first 8 days of pregnancy. Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity showed marked fluctuations from day to day. Nucleotidase and acid phosphatase activities showed a significant increase on day 8. The most marked change in activity was that of alkaline phosphatase which showed a 10-fold increase between days 6 and 8, due largely to an increase in the activity of this enzyme in the decidual nodule. The rise in alkaline phosphatase activity did not occur in rats ovariectomized on days 1, 2 or 4 of pregnancy and was markedly decreased in those ovariectomized on day 6. [3H]-uridine incorporation into RNA showed a significant increase between days 2 and 6 whereas [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA showed a significant increase on day 6.
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PMID:Enzymic activity in rat uterus during early pregnancy. 118 35


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