Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alkaline phosphatase in uterine homogenates from day 7 pregnant mice was solubilized using 0.2% (v/v) Triton X-100 and extracted wtih 20% (v/v) n-butanol. The procedure, which resulted in 182-fold purification, included ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G200 gel filtration. Solubilization with Triton X-100 was an important step in the procedure since extraction with n-butanol alone only partially solubilized the enzyme and gave low extraction yields, much of the enzyme activity remaining in association with negatively charged residues. However, butanol extraction of Triton X-100-treated homogenates gave high yields of enzyme and eliminated p-nitrophenyl phosphatases which displayed activity in the pH range 3.0--7.5, together with a large proportion of inactive protein. The activity of the purified enzyme preparations was electrophoretically homogeneous on cellulose acetate membranes, suggesting that the alkaline phosphatase in the mouse uterus exists in a single isozymic form. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed that the purified preparations contained at least one protein as an impurity. Attempts to further purify the alkaline phosphatase by isoelectric focusing were unsuccessful since the enzyme was found to have an isoelectric point of about 5.0 and at this pH it was rapidly inactivated.
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PMID:Extraction and partial purification of mouse uterine alkaline phosphatase. 4 May 39

The marked renin inactivation seen during in vitro incubation of post-partum uterine slices which mimics the in vivo condition, is not accompanied by a similar general proteolysis. The inactivating mechanism is so far non-specific with respect to organ or species as added hog renal renin is inactivated at a similar rate as endogenous renin. Endogenous alkaline phosphatase is not significantly inactivated and added alkaline phosphatase is completely stable. A marked inactivation of endogenous renin also takes place during incubation of a mixed mitochondrial-lysosomal suspension prepared from post-partum uterus. The process is more pronounced at pH 7.4 than at 6.8. Freezing and thawing and addition of Triton X-100 prior to incubation inhibits the inactivation. ATP and alpha-ketoglutarate slightly stimulates the process while CoA and chloroquine have no effect. Both iodoacetate and phenylmethylsulphonylfluoride inhibit the inactivation, suggesting that more than one enzyme is involved in the inactivation.
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PMID:Inactivation of renin in a mixed mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction of post-partum uterus. 4 45

The biochemical effects of the nonsteroidal compound Centchroman were observed in healthy, adult, female rhesus monkeys. The compound was administered at the antifertility dose (.625 mg/kg) for 22 days in a cycle. No marked weight changes were seen in the Fallopian tube, ovary, adrenal or pituitary as a result of treatment. Uterine weight increased significantly, however (p less than .01). In the Fallopian tube, levels of glycogen and protein increased significantly (p less than .01), lactic acid decreased significantly (p less than .01), and nonprotein nitrogen was unchanged as a result of treatment. Similar changes were observed in the uterus, and in addition, total total phospholipid concentration rose significantly (p less than .01) in the uterus. The activities of beta-glucuronidase, acid and alkaline phosphatases and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) in the Fallopian tube were unchanged due to treatment. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and malic dehydrogenase activities were significantly stimulated (p less than .01) and lactic dehydrogenase activity was significantly depressed (p less than .01). In the uterus, beta-glucuronidase and acid and alkaline phosphatase activity were unaltered, however, the activities of ATPase and the dehydrogenases of glucose-6-phosphate, lactate and malate were markedly increased (p less than .01). It is suggested that the antifertility effect of Centchroman may be due principally to the ability of the compound to elicit estrogen-like responses in the Fallopian tube and uterus.
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PMID:Effect of 3,4-trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl-4-P-(beta-pyrrolidinoethoxy) phenyl -7-methoxy chroman (centchroman) on the biochemistry of the fallopian tube and uterus of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). 12 88

The effects of the nonsteroidal title compound (DBF) on the biochemical composition of the Fallopian tube and uterus were studied in the rhesus monkey. Monkeys received 2 mg/kg daily by mouth, which is the antifertility dose. The weight of the pituitary was significantly decreased (p less than .05) due to treatment, but the weights of the Fallopian tube, uterus, ovary and adrenal were unaltered. In both the Fallopian tube and uterus, DBF induced a significant increase (p less than .01) in the concentration of glycogen, protein and nonprotein nitrogen, and a significant decrease (p less than .01) in the concentration of lactic acid. The total phospholipid level in the uterus showed an increase (p less than .01) in the activities of adenasine triphosphatase (ATPase), malic dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatases, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) was seen. Lactic dehydrogenase activity fell (p less than .01) and the activity of beta-glucuronidase was unchanged. In the uterus, ATPase, malic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase activities increased significantly (p less than .01), beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase activities fell (p less than .01) and G-6-PD activity was unaltered. The antifertility effect of DBF may be due to its ability to elicit many biochemical effects similar to those induced by a typical estrogen.
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PMID:Effect of 2-phenyl-3-p-(beta-pyrrolidinoethoxy) phenyl-beta-methoxy benzofuran hydrochloride (DBF) on the biochemistry of the fallopian tube and uterus of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). 12 89

Out of other functions performed by vitellaria in digenetic trematodes, their role in the formation of shell globules and shell membrane of the capsule, as well as in the excretion of iron with the help of vitamin C is very important. The present histochemical work shows the localization of certain enzymes in different parts of the reproductive system of ten species of trematodes viz.: Neopronocephalus triangularis Mehra, 1932; Glossimetra orientalis Mehra, 1937; Orientodiscus lobatus Srivastava, 1938; Eumegacetes artemii Mehra, 1935; Ganeo tigrinus mehra et Negi, 1928; Encyclometra caudata Dollfus, 1928; Thapariella udaipurensis Gupta and Sharma, 1970; Paradistomoides indicum Narain et Das, 1929; Patagifer wesleyi Verma, 1936; Proalarioides tropidonotus Vidyarthi, 1937 and indicates their functional significance. The hydrolytic enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and ATPase) are suggestive of their involvement in the uptake of certain nutrients, glycogen and lipoprotein being very significant among others. The four enzymes could also be detected in testes, ovary, uterus, cirrus sac and egg shell. The possible functional significance of each enzyme has been discussed.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the distribution of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and ATPase in various reproductive tissues of certain digenetic trematodes. 18 33

Certain phosphatases have been localized by histochemical techniques in various tissues of a pigeon cestode, Raillietina (Raillietina) johri. Acid phosphatase (AcPase), alkaline phosphatase (AlPase) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were present in almost all structures: tegument; subtegumental muscles; subtegumental cells; excretory canal; testes; sperm ductules; vas deferens; cirrus sac; cirrus; ovary; receptaculum seminis; vagina; vitelline gland cells; oocytes; uterus; embryonated eggs. AlPase was absent in parenchyma, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. AlPase activity was more intense in the tegument of mature gravid proglottides. AcPase and ATPase were visualized in various stages of spermatogenesis of the parasite. ATPase activity was also observed in chromosomes. 5'-nucleotidase (AMPase) activity was restricted to embryonated eggs only. Functional significance of these phosphatases is discussed.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on Raillietina (Raillietina) johri (Cestoda: Davaineidae). I. Nonspecific and specific phosphatases. 22 30

The effect of 50% ethanolic and benzene extracts of Artobotrys odoratissimus Linn., a potent antiestrogenic plant on uterine acid and alkaline phosphatase activity has been studied in adult rats. Both the extracts decreased the alkaline phosphatase activity in the uterus of intact and ovariectomized rats (P less than 0.001) but elevated the acid phosphatase activity (P less than 0.001). 50% ethanolic extract acts at low dose levels; however its activity decreases as the dose is increased. Benzene extract showed more consistent dose-response relationship.
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PMID:The influence of Artobotrys odoratissimus Linn. extracts on phosphatase activity in the uterus of rats. 23 Jan 55

Sperm transport in the female reproductive tract involves 3 stages: rapid short sperm transport; colonization of reservoirs; and slow prolonged release. Sperm transport through the cervix is affected by contractile activity of vagina and cervix, properties of cervical mucus, directional motility of sperm and possibly female orgasm, in addition to other endocrine, hereditary, immunological and psychological factors. Aided by myometrial contraction, spermatozoa may reach the site of fertilization within 2 to 10 minutes. During transport in the female tract, the sperm are separated from the seminal plasma and resuspended in endometrial and oviductal fluids, reducing the survival time of sperm. In artificial insemination, the physicochemical and immunological factors in the vagina and cervix affect sperm survival and transport into the uterus and oviduct. Spermatozoa are immobilized by vaginal secretions within 1 to 2 hours of insemination, suggesting the importance of rapid transport of sperm in the fertilization process. During ovulation, the cervical mucus provides an environment favorable to sperm survival; the biochemical changes which occur include decrease in albumin, alkaline phosphatase, peptidase, antitrypsin, esterase and sialic acid, as well as an increase in mucins and NaCl. The main cervical mucus components which are favorable to sperm survival have not been identified, although hexosamines and carbohydrate forms are suspected of contributing to sperm survival in the cervix.
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PMID:In vivo and in vitro sperm penetration in cervical mucus. 39 7

Retrospective evaluation of percental frequency of pathological data gained by prepartual monitoring in pregnancies at risk of 180 small for gestational age infants and 130 eutrophic ones at term (postnatal classification). Parameters of interest were continuous maternal gain of weight, monthly progress of the size of the uterus, continuous ultrasomic cephalometria, maternal urinary estriol and serum heat stable alkaline phosphatase as well as amnioscopia and cardiotokographia with and without oxytocin challenge test. -- It seems that there is a significant better prediction of fetal retardation with the help of common clinical methods as well as with ultrasonic and that they are superior to the examined biochemical, cardiotocographical and amnioscopical parameters. With regard to possible additional disturbances of the fetoplacental unit--especially of respiratory placental function--in suspected intrauterine retardation the complete monitoring program should be taken.
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PMID:[Clinical value of various parameters in antenatal diagnosis of fetal hypotrophia (intrauterine retardation) (author's transl)]. 46 18

Cervical secretions of clover-affected and control ewes in the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle were obtained by flushing the anterior vagina. The flushings were analysed for proteins, carbohydrates and enzyme activities, and were found to be similar to the secretions of the normal ovine uterus. There was significantly more protein, carbohydrate and acid-soluble glycoprotein but less alkaline phosphatase, N-acetylglycosidases (EC 3.2.1.30 and 3.2.1.53) and ribonuclease I in the vaginal flushings of clover-affected ewes. The observed changes were not due to more inflammation in the cervix of clover-affected ewes as there were fewer bacteria, leukocytes and epithelial cells and no elevation of lysozomal enzyme activities in their flushings. It is suggested that the cervix of the clover-affected ewe behaves as though under a stronger than normal oestrogenic stimulation during dioestrus.
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PMID:Enzyme activities and protein and carbohydrate concentrations in cervical secretions at dioestrus in normal ewes and ewes with permanent phytooestrogenic infertility. 56 72


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