Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intrahepatic cholestasis associated with severe extrahepatic bacterial infection is well recognized in humans. A similar syndrome is not well characterized in veterinary medicine. Five dogs with severe extrahepatic bacterial infection that developed histologically confirmed intrahepatic cholestasis were selected from the authors' case files. The types of infections included pneumonia, peritonitis secondary to a rectal tear, urinary tract infection, bite wounds, and vegetative endocarditis. Escherichia coli was involved in two of the dogs, mixed infection in one dog, and a gram-positive cocci in the other two dogs. Total bilirubin concentrations ranged from 3.5 to 33.5 mg/dl. Serum liver enzyme activities showed only mild to moderate increases: alkaline phosphatase (ALP, 41-750 IU/l), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, 25-235 IU/l), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, 99-255 IU/l). Fasting serum bile acids concentration was markedly elevated in the one dog in which it was measured (259 mumol/l). Histologically, the cholestasis was characterized by bile pigment accumulation in hepatocytes, canaliculi, and/or Kupffer's cells. Inflammatory parenchymal changes, when present, were minimal. The findings of hyperbilirubinemia, only a slight increase in the liver enzyme activities, and minimal inflammatory changes in liver tissue specimens in the five dogs with extrahepatic bacterial infections are similar to the findings in intrahepatic cholestasis associated with extrahepatic bacterial infection in humans.
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PMID:Cholestasis associated with extrahepatic bacterial infection in five dogs. 258 68

Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was evaluated for clinical efficacy on uncomplicated and complicated pyelonephritis by administering 2 g once daily for 5 days to 16 female patients between 20 and 65 years old (average: 39.7 years); i.e., 3 with uncomplicated pyelonephritis and 13 with complicated pyelonephritis. The pathogens in all 3 cases of uncomplicated pyelonephritis were E. coli. All of them disappeared after the treatment. Twenty-two strains of 10 strains of bacteria were isolated from the 13 cases of complicated pyelonephritis. Twenty of the 22 (91%) strains disappeared. The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the Criteria for Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Antimicrobial Agents on UTI Japan in 15 cases except for 1 case of the complicated type where the CTRX administration was discontinued after the initial dose due to an adverse event. The efficacy rate was 100% in the 3 uncomplicated cases; 'excellent' in 1 case and 'good' in 2, and 92% in 12 of the complicated cases; 'excellent' in 9, 'good' in 2 and 'poor' in 1 (infection was with multiple pathogens including P. aeruginosa). No abnormal values were observed in any cases except for a slight increase in glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in one case and skin rash in another case which appeared following the initial dose and required the immediate withdrawal of the drug. CTRX is characterized by a long half-life and shows a strong antibacterial activity against GNRs, especially E. coli. The efficacy rate was high particularly following the initial dose in the acute stage of pyelonephritis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone administered once daily against pyelonephritis]. 265 12

Cefixime (CFIX) was administered 200 mg (2 divided doses) per day to 154 female patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis. Ninety four of the 154 patients who satisfied the criteria proposed by the UTI Committee, Japan were examined for the efficacy of the treatment, but 151 of 154 patients were included in the study of the side effects of the drug. The overall clinical efficacy was excellent in 80.8% and moderate in 18.1% of the patients. Ninety five (97.9%) of 97 strains which were isolated from the patients were eradicated in the urinary specimens by the treatment. Subjective side effects were observed in only one (0.7%) of the 151 patients, who complained of a sensation of heaviness in the head. No drug-related aggravation in the laboratory test was observed except for three patients who showed mild elevation glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen. These results showed that the oral administration of CFIX was excellent and satisfactory in the treatment for acute uncomplicated cystitis.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefixime in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis]. 267 75

Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LD), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma GT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities have been measured in 105 patients with ovarian cancer for periods of up to 4 years. The extent of the disease was assessed at laporotomy according to the FIGO classification. Chemotherapy was started one week after surgery, at which time 25% of patients had elevated LD, 29% elevated gamma GT and 21% elevated ALP. Of 51 patients who went into complete remission, 4% still showed elevated LD, 25% elevated gamma GT and 12% elevated ALP. Reactivation of tumour growth was apparent in 32 patients; there was a significant increase in the serum LD, gamma GT and ALP activities when remission and recurrence were first detected in 65%, 50% and 35% of patients respectively. With 14 patients, there was an unexplained increase in the activity of one or more of the enzymes 1-6 months prior to recurrence being detected; these changes may predict that chemotherapy is losing effect. During long-term remission, serum LD was increased in patients suffering from urinary tract infection or bladder dysfunction.
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PMID:Serum enzyme changes during chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. 612 35

Moxalactam, a new beta-lactam antibiotic was evaluated in the treatment of 21 pediatric patients including 16 with clinical and radiological evidence of pneumonia and 5 with urinary tract infection (UTI). Clinical and radiological resolution of pneumonia occurred in all. Bacteriological efficacy in pneumonia, however, was assessed in only 1 patient whose blood culture grew H. influenzae type b. In patients with UTI, the therapy was successful, bacteriologically as well as clinically. The only side effects observed were mild transient elevation of SGOT and alkaline phosphatase in 6 cases. The peak and trough levels of the drug were manyfold higher than the known minimum inhibitory concentrations of common pathogens. The mean t1/2 projected of 95 and 124 min with intravenous and intramuscular route, respectively, were similar to those reported in adults.
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PMID:Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of moxalactam in infants and children. 621 71

The effects of intravaginal application of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on hematological parameters, routine liver function biochemistry (bilirubin, serum bile acid, SGOT, SGPT, GGT, alkaline phosphatase), and serum lipids (cholesterol and triglyceride) were evaluated in 10 normal women who received 150 mg N-9 daily for 14 consecutive days. Only 6 persons completed the trial (4 were excluded because of irritation and vaginal itching, moniliasis, and urinary tract infection). There was no effect of the N-9 on the tests reflecting liver function and hematologic parameters, confirming the results of B. Malyk. Reduction in serum cholesterol at the end of the trial was the only significant finding; such finding was not seen in the subjects of Malyk, who used a lower dose (115 mg) of the drug. Caution should be observed in interpreting the results of such a short-term clinical toxicity study as it does not reliably exclude the possibility of significant liver damage due to chronic clinical use of N-9 as a contraceptive agent. Common laboratory tests of "liver function" have been known to produce totally normal results inspite of the presence of extensive liver disease. Also, because only normal women have been studied, the hepatotoxic potential of N-9 in women with mild or chronic liver disease is not known. Early hepatic damage in rates given N-9 has been observed and suggests the need for continued surveillance of N-9 and evaluation of its systemic effects.
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PMID:Liver function tests in women using intravaginal spermicide nonoxynol-9. 627

Cefotaxime, a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic, was evaluated in 26 infants and children for the treatment of documented or suspected bacterial infections, including pneumonia (10 cases), soft tissue skin infection (13 cases), and urinary tract infection (3 cases). An average daily dose of 60 mg/kg in 3 to 4 divided doses was administered parenterally for an average of 7 days. In 14 of the cases, primary pathogens, including Haemophilus influenzae b (resistant to ampicillin), Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, were eradicated. Clinical recovery occurred in each case. Blood levels at different time intervals and biological half-life were similar to those reported for adults. Mild and transient side effects observed were elevation of SGOT in two cases, alkaline phosphatase in one, and eosinophilia in one case.
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PMID:Evaluation of cefotaxime in bacterial infections. 632 Oct 80

Immunoglobulins conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or to alkaline phosphatase (AP) were compared for determinations of antibodies to Escherichia coli 02 antigen using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). AP-IgG conjugates had a higher avidity for their antigen than HRP-IgG conjugates. The avidity of AP-IgG conjugates was higher than that of the native IgG fraction from which it was derived, whereas HRP-IgG conjugates had the same avidity as the native IgG fraction. The Elisa method was more sensitive when performed with AP-IgG conjugates. However, differences in antibody titer between sera from convalescent and acutely ill patients with urinary tract infection caused by E. coli were detected with a higher degree of accuracy with the Elisa-HRP method than with the Elisa-AP method. The differences between Elisa-AP and Elisa-HRP are discussed in relation to the qualities of the conjugates.
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PMID:Effect of the properties of enzyme-antibody conjugates on the quantitation of serum antibodies to Escherichia coli 02 antigen by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Elisa. 700 Jul 13

Urinary tract infection occurs more commonly, is more virulent and proves more difficult to eradicate in spinal cord injury persons than in the neurologically intact. In order to find out the peculiarities of the neuropathic bladder which make it vulnerable to recurrent cystitis, we studied the proliferation status of the urothelium in spinal cord injured persons. Eleven consecutive, unselected male spinal cord injury patients (aged 18-73 years) were included in the study. Those with, or undergoing treatment for acute urinary tract infection were excluded. All patients underwent cystoscopy and cold cup bladder biopsy from the trigone and bladder dome. Immunocytochemical analysis was performed using defined, commercially available antibodies for PCNA (PCNA 10, DAKO) and MIB-1 (raised against recombinant DNA defined segment of Ki-67 antigen DAKO) streptavidin/biotin and alkaline phosphatase immunocytochemistry (for MIB-1 with microwave-enhanced antigen retrieval) were used to demonstrate the presence of cell cycling-associated nuclear proteins. Foci of lymphocytic aggregations present in the sections served as in-section controls for antigen preservation. Ten patients showed labelling of 20-70% of cells for PCNA in basal cell layers of dome lining. Higher urothelial layers showed a variable, but generally reduced degree of labelling. Of these 10 patients, three showed complete absence of MIB-1 activity in the basal and other layers of dome urothelium and two demonstrated only a very occasional positive nucleus. MIB-1 labelling was < 5% in four others and it was between 5% and 10% in one.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Vesical urothelium proliferation in spinal cord injured persons: an immunohistochemical study of PCNA and MIB.1 labelling. 852 5

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is an important complication of spinal cord and brain injuries but is rarely reported among patients with non-traumatic myelopathies. In a prospective study on medical problems seven (6.04%) among the 114 subjects with non-traumatic myelopathies had heterotopic ossification. All of them had involvement of hip joints. The co-morbid conditions were: urinary tract infection, seven; spasticity, three; pressure sores, five; and deep venous thrombosis, one. The initial diagnosis was often other than heterotopic ossification. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated in all subjects. Following rest and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the range of motion improved in two patients. Heterotopic ossification can occur in patients with non-traumatic myelopathies and has risk factors and clinical features similar to patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. A high index of suspicion about this complication is necessary for early diagnosis and prompt intervention.
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PMID:Heterotopic ossification in non-traumatic myelopathies. 1002 95


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