Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The concentrations in serum of total and ionised calcium, phosphate, magnesium, albumin and alkaline phosphatase activity were measured in patients when hyperthyroid and again when euthyroid. Significant declines in the mean values of ionised calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase activity and significant increases in the mean concentrations of magnesium and albumin were observed. Similar changes were observed in most individual patients. Levels of ionised calcium greater than two standard deviations (representing between batch imprecision) above the upper limit of the reference range were present in 15.6% of hyperthyroid patients. The hyperthyroid levels of calcium, ionised calcium and alkaline phosphatase activity were highest in patients with the most severe thyrotoxicosis. Disturbances of calcium and magnesium metabolism are frequent in hyperthyroid patients.
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PMID:Disturbances of calcium and magnesium metabolism occur in most hyperthyroid patients. 280 40

Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assayed in the sera of 27 patients affected with Graves' disease prior to conventional (12-18 months) methimazole (30-5 mg/day) treatment, who were subsequently followed up over 36 +/- 1.5 months (m +/- SEM). Twelve patients underwent recurrence of thyrotoxicosis (relapsers) at variable intervals from withdrawal of treatment, whereas the remaining 12 remained euthyroid (nonrelapsers). In the study group as a whole, both GGT and ALP serum levels were significantly (p less than 0.001) increased with respect to 24 sex- and age-matched euthyroid controls (31.8 +/- 3.6 vs. 11.5 +/- 1.2 U/l and 203 +/- 13.8 vs. 110 +/- 7.3 U/l, m +/- SEM). Prevalence of GGT and ALP elevations was 56% (15/27) and 58% (15/26), respectively. Serum GGT activity was age dependent (r = 0.466, p less than 0.05) and inversely related to log2 microsomal antibody initial titer (r = 0.499, p less than 0.05) in the whole series. There was no difference in mean pretreatment thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3) between the groups with supranormal enzyme and normal enzyme levels. However, in the group with enhanced enzyme levels, relapsed patients had higher initial T4 (20.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 17.1 +/- 0.7 micrograms/dl, p less than 0.01) and lower both initial T3 (452 +/- 31.1 vs. 551 +/- 57.8 ng/dl, p less than 0.02) than the nonrelapsed patients. Only in this group, initial T3:T4 ratio was a valuable indicator of the outcome of the disease, since it was below 30 in 7/7 (100%) relapsers vs. 2/8 (25%) nonrelapsers, but above 30 only in 6 subjects who remitted.
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PMID:Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase serum activities: their relation to the outcome of Graves' disease. 286 96

A simple method of quantifying skeletal uptake of 99Tcm-methylene diphosphonate, using a rectilinear scanner and a simultaneously image standard, is described. The pattern of quantified uptake in ten regions of the skeleton, the sacro-iliac joints and kidneys in 57 controls and 54 patients with various metabolic bone disease is presented. This method distinguishes patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia from controls with a sensitivity adequate for clinical purposes. In primary hyperparathyroidism the increased skull uptake of tracer correlated well with levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, plasma parathyroid hormone, urinary hydroxyproline excretion and the degree of intracortical resorption in the metacarpal bones. The skull uptake in oestoporosis was normal or moderately elevated and correlated well with bone mass density measurements of the radius. Patients with osteomalacia also showed the greatest increase in tracer uptake in the skull. Patients with thyrotoxicosis differed from most other patients by showing moderately increased uptake in shafts of long bones. We propose our method of quantitative bone uptake as a useful noninvasive test to detect metabolic bone disease and to monitor responses to therapy of bone disease.
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PMID:Quantitative radionuclide scanning in metabolic bone disease. 315 46

Three noninvasive indices of bone formation, serum alkaline phosphatase (s-AP), 24-h whole body retention of diphosphonate (WBR), and serum osteocalcin (s-OC), the two lastnamed clearance-corrected, were compared in 121 patients with various bone disorders and in 50 patients with thyroid disease. In conditions with qualitatively normal matrix formation and mineralization, i.e. thyrotoxicosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, myxoedema and osteoporosis, the three indices deviated from average normal by about the same extent: 134%/128%/200%, 120%/113%/133%, 105%/100%/79% and 89%/86%/69%, respectively. A disproportionately marked deviation of s-AP was observed in states of abnormal matrix formation or mineralization, i.e. osteomalacia and Paget's disease: 430%/145%/282% and 348%/145%/202%, respectively. Furthermore, the formation indices correlate differently with s-calcium in hyper- and hypocalcaemic conditions. In primary hyperparathyroidism the respective r-values were 0.32/0.62/0.68, while an inverse pattern was observed in osteomalacia: -0.60/-0.51/-0.47. As very little is known about the secretion of AP and OC and their role in bone formation and mineralization, the cause(s) for the observed differences remain(s) uncertain.
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PMID:Non-invasive evaluation of bone formation: measurements of serum alkaline phosphatase, whole body retention of diphosphonate and serum osteocalcin in metabolic bone disorders and thyroid disease. 326 12

We studied mineral metabolism in 15 thyrotoxic patients and 15 controls matched for sex, age, and weight. Thyrotoxic subjects showed significantly higher serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and globulin and lower serum creatinine, magnesium, and albumin. Parathyroid hormone immunoreactivity (iPTH) was measured with three different antisera. Thyrotoxic patients showed markedly reduced iPTH values in the most sensitive assay, a midregion-specific assay based on homologous antiserum BG-6. Antiserum 211/32 gave slightly reduced iPTH values, but antiserum NG-1 gave values that were increased by 65%. The limited sensitivity of these later two antisera, like that of others used earlier for such studies, may have blunted the apparent fall in iPTH (antiserum 211/32) or predisposed the assay to a systematic artifact (antiserum NG-1). These results show that for use in the evaluation of hypercalcemia in thyrotoxic patients, a PTH assay must first be characterized as to the expected result in uncomplicated thyrotoxicosis. Twelve of the thyrotoxic subjects entered a random order cross-over study in which propranolol and placebo were given in double-masked fashion for 6 consecutive days each. Overall, the drug did not alter calcium, phosphate, or magnesium metabolism. It lowered serum calcium only in two overtly hypercalcemic subjects, whose urinary calcium excretion did not decline. These results confirm that propranolol may reduce elevated serum calcium levels in thyrotoxicosis and suggest that in this setting the drug may have a direct or indirect effect on renal calcium metabolism.
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PMID:A controlled study of the effects of thyrotoxicosis and propranolol treatment on mineral metabolism and parathyroid hormone immunoreactivity. 384 May 65

Studies were performed in 28 patients with proven active untreated thyrotoxicosis and 20 healthy age and sex matched adult subjects. In all subjects serum levels of thyroxine, calcium, phosphate and total activity of serum alkaline phosphatase and its bone isoenzyme were examined. Total urinary hydroxyproline excretion was measured after hydroxyproline free diet. Significant differences were found in the mean serum alkaline phosphatase and its bone isoenzyme levels and in the excretion of urinary hydroxyproline between a group of patients with thyrotoxicosis and a control group. In this study increased bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase activity above the normal range was found in 24 patients with thyrotoxicosis and increased the excretion of urinary hydroxyproline in all patients with thyrotoxicosis. The relationship between the increased bone alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline values indicated and increased bone turnover in the early period of disease.
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PMID:Bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion in thyrotoxicosis. 387 5

Total of 1663 consecutive operative cases with thyroid tumors were analysed as to the hormonal function. These tumors consisted of 195 adenomas, 140 solitary adenomatous nodules, 121 multiple adenomatous goiters, 31 cysts, and 176 carcinomas. Among the cases with solitary nodules, 16 were classified as functioning. Cases which showed elevated serum T--4 and T--3 levels were those with functioning nodules. Among the cases with adenomatous goiter, elevated T--4 level was observed in 10 cases and elevated T--3 level in 7. delta TSH after TRH injection revealed minimum in many cases with adenomatous goiter. Microscopically no difference was observed between functioning and non-functioning nodules. However, findings of electron microscopy and histochemical observations (acid and alkaline phosphatase) revealed elevated activities in functioning nodules. Thyrotoxicosis is not severe in thyrotoxic adenomatous goiter (so-called adenomatous goiter with hyperthyroidism) and no specific findings were seen in patient's age and size of goiter. High proliferative index, derived from DNA histogram, was observed in cases with adenomatous goiter.
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PMID:[Functional aspect of thyroid tumors]. 650 55

The mechanism of thyroid action on bone was studied in 15 patients with thyrotoxicosis and 14 patients with hypothyroidism. The patients were studied twice: when they were thyrotoxic or hypothyroid and when they had returned to a euthyroid state. Parameters of bone turnover showed a decrease when hyperthyroid patients became euthyroid: serum calcium (2.51 +/- 0.04 vs 2.38 +/- 0.03 mmol/l, P less than 0.05), acid phosphatase (11.7 +/- 0.7 vs 8.3 +/- 0.4 U/l, P less than 0.01), alkaline phosphatase (124 +/- 11 vs 98 +/- 8 U/l, P less than 0.05), the calcium/creatinine ratio (1.03 +/- 0.31 vs 0.43 +/- 0.07, P less than 0.01) and the hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio in the urine (69.9 +/- 12 vs 20.7 +/- 2.4, P less than 0.01). These parameters showed an increase when hypothyroid patients became euthyroid: serum calcium (2.36 +/- 0.03 vs 2.48 +/- 0.04 mmol/l, P less than 0.01), alkaline phosphatase (60 +/- 4 vs 84 +/- 8 U/l, P less than 0.05) and the hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio in the urine (15.9 +/- 4.3 vs 25.3 +/- 3.2, P less than 0.05). Changes in the calcium regulating hormones, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and vitamin D metabolites, were not observed when hyperthyroid patients became euthyroid. When hypothyroid patients were treated a decrease in serum levels of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D (32.6 +/- 4.6 vs 17.9 +/- 2.5 ng/l, P less than 0.01) was observed. Serum growth hormone levels decreased when hypothyroid patients became euthyroid (4.3 +/- 0.5 vs 2.6 +/- 0.4 mU/l, P less than 0.01). The possible mechanisms of thyroid action on bone are discussed. The presented findings are in accordance with a direct effect of thyroid hormones on bone in thyrotoxicosis. An additional factor could be somatomedin, that might also be involved in changes in bone turnover in hyper- and hypothyroidism.
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PMID:Thyroid function and bone turnover. 668 95

We investigated the influence of L-thyroxine (L-T4) treatment over 3 weeks on biochemical markers of bone turnover in 12 healthy young men (age 25.6 +/- 1.4 years, BMI: 22.6 +/- 2.5 kg/m2). Serum parameters indicating bone formation [bone Gla protein (BGP), carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP)] and bone resorption [cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) and the urinary excretion of pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr)] were measured before and after three weeks of treatment with 300 micrograms L-T4/d. T3 and T4 significantly increased and TSH decreased to almost undetectable levels even when measured with a third generation TSH assay. Markers of bone formation showed variable responses with a small but significant increase in BGP but not in PICP or BAP. In contrast, all parameters of bone resorption increased significantly with a good correlation between D-Pyr excretion and the serum parameter ICTP (r = 0.78, p < 0.0001). These changes in bone-turnover markers were not necessarily paralleled by comparable increments of other markers of tissue thyrotoxicosis (SHBG, pulse rate, VO2), suggesting a variability in tissue sensitivity. These rapid responding parameters, especially in the easily obtainable serum parameter ICTP, might be valuable tools in the evaluation of several states of thyroxine excess.
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PMID:Markers of bone metabolism during short-term administration of thyroxine in healthy volunteers. 807 83

Whether biochemical markers can predict improvement in reduced bone mineral density (BMD) associated with thyrotoxicosis in unclear. We investigated the relationship between serum osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), serum deoxypyridinoline (Sdpd) and pyridinoline (Spyr), 24-hour urinary deoxypyridinoline (Udpd), and BMD in 17 thyrotoxic patients during 1 yr of treatment. Coinciding with euthyroidism at 4-8 weeks, there was a peak in b-ALP and OC and a prompt fall into the normal range in Udpd and Sdpd, but not Spyr, levels. Mean b-ALP continued to be raised at week 52 when it was inversely correlated with BMD. Mean BMD rose approximately 6%, P < 0.01, over 1 yr. Coupling indices were calculated as a measure of bone balance and, at diagnosis, was [minus4.26 in favor of bone resorption and rose with treatment in favor of bone formation: weeks 2: -0.23; 4: +4.01; 8: +4.37; 12: +4.44; 24: +2.32; and 52: +1.56. Bone turnover is balanced within 2 weeks of starting treatment for thyrotoxicosis. Udpd accurately indicates thyrotoxic bone resorption. Serum b-ALP indicates continuing bone formation and, at 1 yr, may provide a marker for low BMD. OC, Sdpd, and Spyr are less sensitive in documenting bone remodeling during treatment of thyrotoxicosis.
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PMID:A longitudinal study of markers of bone turnover in Graves' disease and their value in predicting bone mineral density. 906 77


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