Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty-nine patients with advanced gastrointestinal carcinomas were given adriamycin intravenously at a dose level of 40-75 mg/m once every 3 weeks. Toxic effects included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, alopecia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and minor ECG changes. There was a slight trend toward move severe leukopenia in patients with markedly abnormal liver function test (serum glutamic oxaloacteic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase). Of the 57 pateints with colorectal cancer treated with adriamycin, four (7%) showed partial objective responses. In a controlled comparison of adriamycin versus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with previously untreated large bowel carcinoma, three of 23 patients (13%) receiving adriamycin showed partial objective responses as compared with six of 25 patients (24%) receiving 5-FU. The median duration of response with adriamycin was 3 months com pared to over 6 months with 5-FU. Four of eight patients with gastric carcinoma showed partial objective responses. No responses were noted in a small number of patients with pancreatic and gallbladder carcinomas. Adriamycin would not seem to have any role in the treatment of advanced colorectal carcinoma. Our results, however, would justify further evaluation of this agent in gastric carcinoma.
...
PMID:Adriamycin (NSC-123127) therapy for advanced gastrointestinal cancer. 109 99

An experiment was conducted to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the brain lesions, diarrhoea and haemorrhages produced by amprolium poisoning of preruminant lambs. The encephalopathy was preceded by a reduction of cerebrocortical transketolase activity. Diarrhoea was not associated with histological evidence of pathological change in the small intestine, and in lambs with severe diarrhoea the small intestinal levels of alkaline phosphatase and lactase were unaffected. Haemorrhages were associated with a thrombocytopenia which was attributed to degeneration of bone marrow megakaryocytes. The bone marrow of the majority of the lambs which had received amprolium for 3 wk or more was severely depopulated, erythrocyte precursors being the most severely affected. The marrow depopulation was atrributed to decreased cell production, as the majority of the remaining cells showed little evidence of degeneration and the number of mitotic figures in the marrow of amprolium-treated lambs was considerably reduced as compared with the controls.
...
PMID:Amprolium poisoning of preruminant lambs: an investigation of the encephalopathy and the haemorrhagic and diarrhoeic syndromes. 115 27

1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) resistance may be mediated by repair of chloroethylated guanine before stable cross-linking occurs. Guanine adducts may be repaired by the enzyme O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (O6-AGAT). Such repair irreversibly inactivates O6-AGAT. Streptozotocin (STZ) forms adducts at the O6 position of guanine; repair of these adducts consumes O6-AGAT. In vivo STZ potentiates BCNU cytotoxicity. The purpose of this trial was to determine the maximum tolerated dose of BCNU that can be administered together with STZ. The STZ dose was 500 mg/m2/day for 4 days and was not escalated. BCNU was given 4 h after the third dose of STZ at a starting dose of 75 mg/m2. A total of 43 patients were entered in the study. There were 4 dose escalations, reaching a maximum tolerated BCNU dose of 175 mg/m2. At this dose, thrombocytopenia was the dose-limiting toxicity (one patient, 25-49 x 10(9)/liter; 2 patients, less than 25 x 10(9)/liter); neutropenia was less severe (2 patients, 2.0-3.9 x 10(9)/liter, 1 patient, 1.0-1.9 x 10(9)/liter). Two other commonly seen toxicities were elevations in the serum alkaline phosphatase and mild elevations in the serum creatinine. Peripheral blood lymphocyte O6-AGAT levels decreased from a mean of 212 fmol/mg protein pretherapy to 8.2 fmol/mg protein on day 3 prior to BCNU (P = 0.03). Three partial responses were seen. There were no therapy-related fatalities, and toxicity was easily managed. This study established that 150 mg of BCNU can be administered safely together with STZ, 500 mg/m2/day for 4 days. Additional studies are required to determine whether O6-AGAT-mediated BCNU resistance is suppressed.
...
PMID:Modulation of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase-mediated carmustine resistance using streptozotocin: a phase I trial. 153 74

An improved understanding of medical problems of alcoholic patients can be gained from commonly encountered laboratory test results. Liver function tests--such as measures of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase--may provide evidence of altered hepatic activity of different types, such as obstruction and hepatocellular injury. Other test results may indicate impaired hepatic function, such as measurements of albumin, bilirubin, prothrombin time, and blood urea nitrogen. Alterations are also common in electrolytes, blood glucose, magnesium, phosphate, uric acid, and acid-base balance. Disturbances in hematologic function are not infrequent in alcoholic patients, including anemias from many causes, altered granulocyte responses, and thrombocytopenia.
...
PMID:Clinical significance in alcoholic patients of commonly encountered laboratory test results. 159 68

The peripheral blood hematological and biochemical parameters in 60 patients with marrow involvement with carcinoma are described. In all patients the hematologic findings were of anemia (46%), thrombocytopenia (36%), leukocytosis (28%) and leukoerythroblastosis (22%). Elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (sLDH) and alkaline phosphatase (sALP) occurred in 78% of patients and hypercalcemia in 28% and these abnormal biochemical parameters occurred more frequently with marrow fibrosis. In patients with small cell carcinoma of lung (SCCL) the sLDH was normal in 24% and sALP in 32% and abnormal hematological findings or a raised sLDH occurred more frequently with liver involvement. Bone scan was positive in 49% of patients and the hematological and biochemical parameters in these patients were similar to those of patients with a normal scan. Ten percent of patients with SCCL and marrow involvement had both a normal sLDH and bone scan.
...
PMID:Hematological, biochemical and bone scan findings in patients with marrow carcinoma. 166 79

1. The effects of alkaline phosphatase on platelet aggregation, secretion and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) generation induced by the full dose-range of common platelet agonists were studied in human platelet-rich plasma and washed platelets. 2. Platelet aggregation and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) secretion induced by threshold and supramaximal concentrations of arachidonate and stable TxA2 and prostaglandin endoperoxide-mimetics (compounds U46619 and EP171) were abolished in the presence of alkaline phosphatase (0.5-1 u ml-1), even though the synthesis of TxB2 persisted. In contrast, platelet aggregation by PAF-acether and by supramaximal concentrations of thrombin as well as the primary wave of aggregation by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adrenaline were unaffected by alkaline phosphatase under conditions where the secondary wave of aggregation by ADP was blocked. 3. Alkaline phosphatase, unlike prostacyclin, failed to raise the adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) content of the platelets. Also, the pretreatment of platelets by inorganic phosphate or by ATP plus creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase reversed the inhibitory effect of alkaline phosphatase. 4. Experiments performed in the guinea-pig in vivo showed that alkaline phosphatase was effective on thrombocytopenia induced by arachidonate. 5. Our results provide the first direct evidence for a specific inhibitory effect of alkaline phosphatase at a site sensitive to TxA2 and prostaglandin endoperoxides and suggest that its phosphorylation/dephosphorylation state may play an important role in modulating platelet activation. These results also suggest the presence of ecto-protein kinases on membrane platelets.
...
PMID:Alkaline phosphatase prevents platelet stimulation by thromboxane-mimetics. 166 43

A review was carried out of 187 previously untreated cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia diagnosed between 1969 and 1988. The median age of the patients was 65 years (range, 36-87). There were 118 males (M/F ratio, 1.7). In accordance with Rai's staging system the patients were distributed as follows: 0.29%; I, 20%; II, 25%; III, 13%; IV, 13%, and according to Binet's staging the distribution was: A, 55%; B, 21%; C, 24%. The most frequently found physical findings were lymph node enlargement (55%), splenomegaly (32%) and hepatomegaly (28%). Anaemia was present in 20% of the cases and thrombocytopenia in 13%. The mean lymphocyte count was 62 x 10(9)/L (range, 6-475 x 10(9)/L). Bone marrow infiltration of over 80% was seen in 46% of the patients. Bone marrow biopsy was performed on 97 patients, the diffuse pattern of involvement being most commonly found (44%). Increased BUN (55%), alkaline phosphatase (42%) and LDH (38%) were the most frequent biochemical alterations. Hypogammaglobulinaemia was present in 55% of the patients, IgM being the most commonly affected immunoglobulin (66%). Monoclonal gammopathy was seen in 4% of the cases. LDT, measured in 75 patients, was less than a year in 32%. No antileukaemic drugs were needed in 34% of the patients. When concluding this study, 100 patients had died. The median survival was 57 months and death was related to chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in 53% of such patients.
...
PMID:[Chronic lymphatic leukemia. I. Clinico-biological features and survival analysis. Study of 187 patients]. 177 6

The respiratory, renal, hematologic, and serum biochemical effects of hypertonic saline solution (HSS) treatment were examined in 12 endotoxic, pentobarbital-anesthetized calves (8 to 20 days old). Escherichia coli endotoxin (055:B5) was infused IV at a rate of 0.1 microgram/kg of body weight over 30 minutes. Endotoxin induced severe respiratory effects, with marked hypoxemia and increases in arterial-alveolar O2 gradient (P[A-a]O2), physiologic shunt fraction (Qs/Qt), and physiologic dead space to tidal volume ratio (Vd/Vt). Oxygen consumption was decreased, despite an increase in the systemic O2 extraction ratio. Peak effects were observed at the end of endotoxin infusion. The renal response to endotoxemia was characterized by a decrease in free-water reabsorption and osmotic clearance, as well as a decrease in sodium and phosphorus excretion. Endotoxemia induced leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hyperphosphatemia, hypoglycemia, acidemia, and increased serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Calves were treated with HSS (2,400 mosm/L of NaCl, 4 ml/kg, n = 4) or an equivalent sodium load of isotonic saline solution (ISS; 300 mosm/L of NaCl, 32 ml/kg, n = 4 90 minutes after the end of endotoxin administration. Both solutions were infused over a 4- to 6-minute period. A control group (n = 4) was not treated. Infusion of HSS or ISS failed to induce a significant change in Pao2, P(A-a)O2, (Qs/Qt), (Vd/Vt), or oxygen consumption. Both solutions increased systemic oxygen delivery to above pre-endotoxin values. Hypertonic saline infusion induced significant (P less than 0.05) increases in serum Na and Cl concentrations and osmolality, whereas ISS induced a significant increase in serum Cl concentration and a significant decrease in serum phosphorus concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Respiratory, renal, hematologic, and serum biochemical effects of hypertonic saline solution in endotoxemic calves. 189 79

Five of 23 patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were diagnosed to have bone marrow metastasis. They all had advanced local-regional disease, and were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and definitive radiotherapy after the initial diagnosis. Bone marrow metastasis developed 4-24 months later. The clinical features were anemia (5 of 5), leukopenia (3 of 5), thrombocytopenia (4 of 5), sepsis (3 of 5), tenderness of the sternum (3 of 5), and fever (4 of 5). Patients frequently had elevation of serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P), and IgG and IgA antibody titers to Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen when bone marrow involvement was diagnosed. However, clinical manifestations and laboratory tests were not specific. It is important that three patients had normal bone scans. All five patients had a rapid downhill course; four patients died within 23 days, and the fifth 3 months after the diagnosis of bone marrow metastasis. We concluded that bone marrow was a common metastatic site in NPC patients. Bone marrow metastasis adversely affected patients' survival and required a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. We suggested that bone marrow biopsy should be considered as a routine staging procedure in NPC patients and indicated especially when patients presented with abnormal blood counts, sepsis, bone pain, or tenderness of the sternum. It may be positive in the face of a normal bone scan.
...
PMID:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with bone marrow metastasis. 198 43

We describe two patients suffering from a prolonged fever, pancytopenia, and splenomegaly. The spleen of both patients was grossly enlarged and the liver was moderately enlarged. The blood pictures were characterized by anemia and leukopenia to a severe degree, with moderate thrombocytopenia and moderate reticulocytosis. The serum transaminases were in the normal range, but the alkaline phosphatase was greatly increased. Splenectomy and wedge liver biopsies were performed on both patients. Histological findings of the spleen were variable. The histopathologic findings of the liver showed infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, monocytes, and neutrophils into the dilated hepatic sinusoids. The sinusoidal infiltrate was more prominent in zones 1 and 2 and less prominent in zone 3 of the acinus. Erythrocyte inclusions that were confirmed by immunohistochemical methods were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Electron microscopy revealed a penetration of erythrocytes into the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and caused leakage of cytoplasmic contents into Disse's spaces and sinusoids.
...
PMID:Intrahepatocellular erythrocyte inclusions with hepatic sinusoidal infiltrates and splenomegaly. 215 67


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---