Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and radioimmunoassays using antigen bound to plastic tubes or microcrystalline particles, were adapted for the indirect serological measurement of anti-schistosome antibodies. These alkaline phosphatase and 125I-labeled anti-immunoglobulin techniques were found to be highly quantitative and adaptable. Comparison showed them to be considerably more sensitive than the indirect hemagglutination and indirect fluorescent antibody techniques. Using adult S. mansoni freeze-thaw antigen, anti-schistosome antibodies were detected in sera from patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium. However, results in patients with schistosomiasis haematobium were generally intermediate between those of patients with schistosomiasis mansoni and normal, uninfected controls.
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PMID:Enzyme- and 125I-labeled anti-immunoglobulin assays in the immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis. 79 11

Tartar emetic (potassium antimony tartrate) has been used since a long time as the drug of choice for the treatment of Bilharziasis in Egypt. This drug, though effective, has severe side effects. A newly synthesized trivalent antimony preparation (piperazine di-antimonyl tratrate) Bilharcid, has proved in animal experiments to be less toxic, more effective, and having little side effects. The drug was tried in various schemes on various age groups of patients infected with S. haematobium. Control cases were treated with tartar emetic. Urine analysis was done for the detection of living or dead ova before and after treatment. E.C.G., alkaline phosphatase, serum transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and urea tests were done before and after treatment. Follow up studies were recorded for three months after treatment. Results are presented in the full text.
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PMID:Preliminary report on some clinical and biochemical observations in patients treated with Bilharcid. 81 Mar 41

Salmonella typhi or Paratyphi A was isolated from the blood in 16 out of 21 Suanese patients who had prolonged fever of one of 10 months' duration and hepatesplenic schistosomiasis. Most patients had severe anaemia. The serum alkaline phosphatase was raised in 16 patients. Bilharzial lesions were demonstrated in the liver biopsies of 10 patients. Three patients had in addition the nephrotic syndrome and moderate proteinuria was present in nine other patients. Changes of proliferative glomerulonephritis were noted in the renal biopsies of two patients with the nephrotic syndrome. Treatment with chloramphenicol cured the salmonella infection in all patients, reversed the raised alkaline phosphatase and the proteinuria, and led to a marked reduction in the size of the hepatosplenomegaly.
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PMID:Salmonellosis complicating schistosomiasis in the Sudan. 85 Feb 87

Schistosomiasis is a chronic disease afflicting hundreds of millions of people throughout the world against which there is as yet no effective vaccine. In the present study we tested the effect of the immunomodulator muramyl tripeptide phosphatidyl ethanolamine (MTP-PE) on the survival of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice and on the induction in them of schistosomulicidal macrophages. Mice exposed to 80 cercariae each and then treated with MTP-PE showed prolonged survival following either single or repeat infection. The treatment with MTP-PE, when initiated 70 days post the schistosome infection, diminished significantly the mortality of infected mice over an observed period of 110 days. In terms of treatment efficacy there was no evident difference between the intravenous and intraperitoneal mode of administration of the drug. MTP-PE treatment significantly reduced granuloma size and markedly diminished liver damaged as judged by the lower levels of alkaline phosphatase in the serum. Such treatment exerted no significant effect on the spleen or liver weight in infected mice nor on the worm burden resulting from either a single or double infection. In infected and non-treated mice, schistosomulicidal macrophages appeared after 8-10 weeks of infection. In infected mice treated with MTP-PE there was an accelerated appearance of such macrophages and these exhibited a greater cidal effect on the schistosomula. These immunostimulatory and life-prolonging effects of MTP-PE on S. mansoni-infected mice might indicate an effect of this reagent on cells involved in the granulomatous process.
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PMID:On the interaction between macrophages and developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni: effect of muramyl tripeptide phosphatidyl ethanolamine (MTP-PE) treatment on mice survival and the generation of schistosomulicidal macrophages. 143 29

The activities of 5-nucleotidase (Ec.3.1.3.5), alkaline phosphatase (Ec.3.1.3.1), glucose-6-phosphatase (Ec.3.1.3.9), and ribonuclease (Ec.3.1.13) had been measured in tissue homogenate and in haemolymph of Biomphalaria alexandrina, the specific intermediate host for the parasitic disease schistosomiasis, induced by the parasite Schistosoma mansoni.
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PMID:Activity of some hydrolytic enzymes in tissue homogenates and haemolymph of fresh water snails, intermediate hosts in schistosomiasis. 165 90

Thirty patients suffering from active intestinal S. mansoni infection, were classified into 3 groups. The first group: 13 cases with early active intestinal schistosomiasis without hepatosplenomegaly. The second group: 11 cases with hepatosplenomegaly and the third group: 6 cases with splenomegaly and ascites. Also 10 normal individuals were included as a normal control group. Histopathological examination of rectal mucosa showed hyperaemia with extravasation of blood in early cases and granulomatous lesions in the second group with hepatosplenomegaly. The structural changes were severe in the late ascitic group. In this group the rectal mucosal glands showed distorted irregular tubular branching in addition to the granulomatous and the fibrous reactions. Histochemical studies including periodic acid schiff, alkaline phosphatase and acetyl cholinestrase reactions were done. Using the periodic acid shiff stain, the goblet cells showed strong reaction for neutral mucin in cases of group I (early cases) and group II (late hepatosplenomegalic cases). In group III (late ascitic cases) the goblet cells were faintly stained. A notable difference was observed between the lightly and heavily infected patients of this group. No alkaline phosphatase reactivity could be identified in rectal crypts of patients and controls. Alkaline phosphatase reactivity was sharply localised in S. mansoni egg shell. There was obvious decrease in the acetyl cholinesterase stained nerve fibres in the rectal mucosa of all studied patients. The decrease was more in chronic and heavily infected cases rather than in the acute and lightly infected ones.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on rectal mucosa in active intestinal schistosomiasis. 190 99

This study was initiated to investigate the long term effect of exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (O.P), with consideration to bilharziasis (an endemic parasitic disease in Egypt, usually associated with liver fibrosis). Serum levels of choline esterase (Ch E), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (Alk. Ph.) and proteins were estimated among 100 (O.P.) sprayers with various duration of exposure (3 to 15 years) and among 60 controls. O.P. sprayers showed significantly higher, SGPT and Alk. Ph. and lower Ch E and serum proteins than the controls. Among sprayers, duration of exposure to O.P. was significantly correlated with their levels of Ch E, SGPT, and Alk. Ph. but not with serum proteins. Compared to other parameters, SGPT seems to be a good indicator of the hepatic effect of long term exposure to O.P. Bilharzial infection did not modify the effect of O.P. pesticides on the above mentioned parameters. Ch E of smoker sprayers was significantly less than that of non smokers. This was attributed to increased absorbtion of O.P. during smoking at work places.
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PMID:Serum choline esterase and liver function among a group of organophosphorus pesticides sprayers in Egypt. 213 58

The previously shown antigenicity of Schistosoma mansoni (JL venezuelan strain) alkaline phosphatase (Mg2+, pH 9.5) allowed its use in an immunodiagnosis assay, that consisted in the immunoadsorption of the enzymatic activity. Protein-A coated polyvinyl plates were used as solid phase to capture IgG from sera of infected human patients. After buffered saline washings, the plates were incubated with an enzyme-rich fraction (a n-butanol aqueous extract of adult worm obtained from pairs). Immunoadsorbed alkaline phosphatase (AP) was revealed by adding rho-nitrophenyl phosphate. Anti-AP antibodies were detected in 93% of coproparasitologically proven S. mansoni-infected venezuelan patients but not in parasite-free control sera and sera from patients infected with parasitosis other than schistosomiasis. The APIA did not correlate with cure but the anti-AP antibody response was progressively reduced after treatment. The use of an AP substrate amplifying system allowed an improvement of the assay sensitivity without loss of specificity. The data suggest that the APIA could be used as a marker of infection by S. mansoni.
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PMID:Immunodiagnosis of Schistosomiasis mansoni with APIA (alkaline phosphatase immunoassay). 251 56

A prospective study was undertaken to determine the effect on liver function test of a combined oral contraceptive containing norethisterone 1mg and mestranol 0.05mg, in women with schistosomiasis japonica in Leyte, Philippines. Women who volunteered and met the standard criteria for oral contraception, with and without infection, were followed for 6 months of pill intake. Cocurrently, non-pill users, both infected and uninfected, were similarly followed. Baseline and 6-month liver function tests were compared. Of the 466 subjects in the study, 383 completed six months, and 83 discontinued. At the start of the study, there were no significant differences among the 4 groups in liver function tests except that the infected women had a higher total protein and alkaline phosphatase, and lower alanine aminotrasferase levels. After 6 months, the only statistically significant finding was a lesser decrease in total protein among the infected pill users compared to the uninfected pill users. This finding was not clinically significant since there was no associated clinical complications; there were a number of subjects with abnormal values at the 6th month; and the mean values of this variable remained within normal limits. The findings show that the use of a low dose progestin and estrogen oral contraceptive in the presence of mild schistosomiasis japonica infection does not appear to have adverse effects on liver function tests of young women after 6 months of contraceptive use.
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PMID:Effect of oral contraceptive on liver function tests of women with schistosomiasis in the Philippines. 309 99

Earlier work has shown that penicillamine reduces the acute toxicity of antimonyl potassium tartrate (APT) as well as the abnormal ECG changes it induces. In the present study, the possible protective effect of penicillamine on the hepatic toxicity of APT was investigated. Tests of liver function showed changes in the level of serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase and of alkaline phosphatase, and in the beta-/alpha-lipoprotein ratio, in response to antimony treatment. The changes were significantly reduced by penicillamine, though the effect depended on the dose. Penicillamine was found to give the best overall protection without affecting the antischistosomal efficacy of the antimonial when a 1:2 APT/penicillamine ratio was used. The findings provide further evidence of the potential usefulness of penicillamine in the antimonial treatment of schistosomiasis.
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PMID:Penicillamine as an adjuvant to antimonial therapy of schistosomiasis: effect on liver function tests in rabbits and on antischistosomal activity. 454 47


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