Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Detailed postmortem examination was carried out on five patients who died three months to four years after jejunoileal bypass for obesity. A spectrum of histological changes was observed in the liver, with pericentral fat deposition being a common feature. Evidence of previous and/or ongoing liver cell dropout with accompanying polymorphonuclear and mononuclear infiltration was seen in all cases, but Mallory hyalin was not detected. Liver function abnormalities included decreased plasma protein levels, decreased prothrombin activity, increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels, and variable elevations of the serum transaminases, bilirubin, and ammonia concentrations. The pattern of the hepatic disease does not resemble protein deficiency. An uncharacterized hepatotoxin or toxic effect of hepatic fat accumulation may play a significant role in the changes observed in these patients.
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PMID:Fatty metamorphosis of the liver associated with jejunoileal bypass. Report of five cases. 57 74

1. Blood characteristics of reindeer calves fed on lichens were studied during the winter. 2. The serum total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations decreased during the winter, obviously partly due to protein deficiency in the diet. 3. High urea levels in autumn and midwinter were possibly reflections of increased stress and/or protein catabolism. 4. Marked lipolysis occurred in late winter, and thus increases were observed in fatty acids, glycerol, triglycerides and acetoacetate concentrations. 5. Serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activity increased towards the spring, most probably reflecting changes in the liver. 6. A decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity occurred in midwinter due to cessation of growth. 7. It can be concluded that all the animals were at least in moderate condition throughout the winter and the physiological responses to a negative energy balanced reflected good adaptation.
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PMID:Blood chemistry of reindeer calves (Rangifer tarandus) during the winter season. 135 15

Twenty-six 3-week-old genetically obese pigs were fed in two experiments to determine the serum chemistry profile during severe protein malnutrition and repletion. Severe protein deficiency was produced in pigs fed the high-fat, low-protein diet (growth failure, rough hair, low serum total protein and albumin). In Experiment 1, blood was sampled from the anterior vena cava of each pig five times during depletion and three times during repletion to determine serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, glucose, Ca, inorganic P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, total bilirubin, urea N, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. In Experiment 2, blood was sampled weekly for 8 weeks for serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, glucose, Ca, P, Mg and alkaline phosphatase. HDL-cholesterol was increased (P less than 0.01) and albumin was decreased (P less than 0.01) in protein-deficient pigs in both experiments. Creatinine, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were elevated in protein-deficient pigs compared with controls after 7 weeks of depletion. Inorganic P (P less than 0.01), Ca (P less than 0.01), and Mg (P less than 0.05) concentrations were depressed in protein-depleted pigs compared with controls in both experiments. After 8 weeks of repletion in Experiment 1, all elements except inorganic P were similar in the two groups. Short-term, severe, protein malnutrition affected lipid, electrolyte, and structural mineral metabolism and indices of liver function in the absence of parasites, diarrhea, and infection. The effects were reversed after 8 weeks of repletion. We conclude that the elevated serum cholesterol in protein deficiency is related primarily to an increase in the HDL fraction.
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PMID:Response of blood serum constituents to production of and recovery from a kwashiorkor-like syndrome in the young pig. 135 73

We studied the effect of maternal protein deficiency on the development of the rat calvarium and femur. The results show that maternal protein deficiency during gestation leads to fetal growth retardation, and that the calvarium is more affected than the femur. A significant decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase was found in the soluble fraction in both the calvarium and the femur. However, this was not true in the case of the particulate fraction in which a significantly increased activity was found. This increase was not associated, however, with a concomitant increase in calcium and phosphorus (per 100 g fresh bone).
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PMID:Effect of undernutrition on the chemical composition and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in soluble and particulate fractions of the newborn rat calvarium and femur. I: Effect of gestational undernutrition in the rat. 236 24

The effects of protein and/or energy deficiency on long bone growth were studied using rats of an average weight 100g. Four groups of Wistar rats were respectively fed on a normal diet, a low-energy diet, a low protein-diet, and a low-protein and low-energy diet for 45 days. Both energy and protein deficiency restricted gains of body weight and femur length and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the tibia to the same extent. The epiphyseal growth plates of the femur in protein-deficient rats were as thin as those in energy-deficient rats. On the other hand, femur width and activity of acid phosphatase in the tibia were lower in protein-deficient animals than those in energy-deficient ones. Serum calcium concentrations and calcium content of bone were the same among all groups.
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PMID:The influence of protein and/or energy deficiency on the growth of long bone in rats. 392 44

We studied plasma lipoprotein and hormone concentrations in rhesus monkeys that had consumed either a low protein (3.8% of kilocalories) or a control protein (13.9%) purified diet since birth (6-10 yr before the beginning of this experiment) in order to test the hypothesis that chronic protein deficiency could influence plasma lipoproteins through an effect on the hepatic metabolism of gonadal or thyroid hormones. Protein-deficient monkeys had greater plasma concentrations of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) plus high density lipoproteins (HDL) than controls. They also had lower serum albumin and greater alkaline phosphatase levels than the controls. Plasma thyroxine (T4) and free T4 concentrations were lower and the triiodothyronine (T3) levels tended to be greater in the protein-deficient group than in controls. This effect was apparent at two widely different levels of dietary iodide. Plasma T3 concentrations were elevated in other adult rhesus monkeys that were fed the low protein diet for only 6 wk. Monkeys injected with estradiol benzoate (100 micrograms/kg body weight) for 4 d had a marked reduction of VLDL concentrations. VLDL triglycerides were depressed more and plasma estrone levels were greater in deficient monkeys than in controls at 24 h after the last injection. In the control monkeys the T3 level rose and T4/T3 fell in response to estrogen injections, whereas the deficient monkeys did not respond.
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PMID:Dietary protein effects on lipoproteins and on sex and thyroid hormones in blood of rhesus monkeys. 398 Dec 60

Rhesus monkeys were given either high estrogen, low progesterone or low estrogen-high progesterone oral contraceptive agents (OCAs) and maintained on either a 16% protein diet or a 4% protein diet. Both OCAs created a small but significant fall in hemoglobin and serum protein. On both diets, OCAs led to a gradual elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase and serum glutamic oxalic transaminase (SGOT) activities. There were no histologic liver lesions. On the low protein diet, glucose tolerance was impaired between cycles 10 and 11, and on the high protein diet between cycles 16 and 20. Vitamins B-12, A, and thiamine tended to be lower in OCA animals. The conclusion of these experiments is that the hazard of using OCAs is not exaggerated by protein deficiency.
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PMID:Metabolic effects of oral contraceptives in monkeys fed on adequate and low protein diets. 420 57

Studies were made of the effects of pre- and post-weaning undernutrition and/or protein deficiency on intestinal phytase and phosphatase activities in albino rats and reversibility of the same by subsequent dietary rehabilitation. Neonatal undernutrition induced by rearing the pups in litters of 16 caused a marked decrease in alkaline phytase activity (as compared to those reared in litters of 8), while acid phytase activity decreased to a lesser extent and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities did not change. When neonatally undernourished rats were subsequently continued on a 4 or a 20% protein diet in restricted amounts (2.5 g/day) for 6 weeks the decreases in the alkaline phytase activity but not in that of acid phytase were further aggravated. Acid and alkaline phosphatases were not influenced by these treatments either. On dietary rehabilitation of these rats for subsequent 6 weeks on a 20% protein diet (ad libitum) acid and alkaline phytase activities of intestine recovered partially. These studies indicate the importance of alkaline phytase activity as a marker of intestinal maturation and is also suggestive of interrelationships between nutrition, intestinal development and its alkaline phytase activity.
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PMID:Effects of nutritional deficiencies during neonatal and post-weaning period on rat intestinal phytase and phosphatase activities. 627 91

Administration of daily doses of L-thyroxine to rats from 18-20 days, but not from 4-7, 11-13, or 25-27 days of age, increased intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity. The typical anterior-to-posterior gradient in the enzyme activity was abolished in the hormone-treated (18-20 days of age) rat small intestine (thyroxine prevented the fall of the enzyme activity occurring at weaning in the distal part of the small intestine). Thyroidectomy at 14 days of age decreased the enzyme activity (units/gm wet tissue) in the distal part of the small intestine at 21 days of age, but the enzyme activity was unaltered in the duodenum. The enzyme activity in the distal part of the small intestine of pups undernourished by maternal protein deficiency is not influenced by the hormone administration, even from 18-20 days of age, strengthening the hypothesis that failure of maturation of alkaline phosphatase occurs as a result of neonatal undernutrition.
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PMID:Influence of thyroxine on suckling rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase and effects of undernutrition on the same. 727 84

Protein deficiency in female rats diet during pregnancy and lactation resulted in changes of the intestine enzymes activity in posterity in early and late periods of ontogenesis. In the former period, deceleration of sucrase induction, acceleration of lactase suppression and maltase induction, and an earlier occurrence of the adult-type distribution of the intestine alkaline phosphatase, were found. At 2 to 4-month age a reduction of the latter enzyme activity was revealed in the doudenum, jejunum and ileum. The changes in the intestine enzymes activities led to a disorder in intermediary metabolism and to occurrence of "risk diseases".
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PMID:[Metabolic/nutrition programming of the enzyme system in the offspring small intestine]. 1119 19


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