Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alkaline phosphatase activity in several cultured primary human intracranial tumor cells varied over a relatively wide range, and there was no correlation between specific activity and the type of tumor from which the cultures were derived. The enzyme was thermolabile, and its activity was strongly inhibited by l-bromotetramisole, levamisole, and L-homoarginine but not by L-phenylalanine and L-phenylalanyglycylglycine. These are the characteristics of the liver-bone-kidney form of alkaline phosphatase. Prednisolone induced increased levels of enzyme activity in most cultures, and sodium butyrate acted as an inducer in cultures of pituitary adenoma and hemangioblastoma cells. The increase was most pronounced when response cells were exposed to both stimuli simultaneously. The induced alkaline phosphatase had the same properties as the enzyme of cells grown in the absence of inducers. Increased alkaline phosphatase activity was not induced by osmolality changes of the culture medium; this feature appears to be characteristic of cells producing the liver-bone-kidney enzyme form.
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PMID:Induction of alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured human intracranial tumor cells. 705 4

Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is a cell surface glycoprotein whose expression may be important in metastatic or local growth of neoplasms. Expression of NCAM in human pituitary adenomas was assessed on snap-frozen and Bouin's and/or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue using a sensitive alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase method of immunostaining with the monoclonal antibody, NKH-1. The 20 pituitary adenoma patients consisted of 13 males and 7 females, ages 19-78 years, with null cell macroadenomas (3), plurihormonal macroadenomas (4), weak gonadotropic macroadenomas (5), growth hormone-prolactin adenomas (2), and prolactinomas (6). Eight of the adenomas were clinically invasive. The snap-frozen material from 14 pituitary tumors showed immunostaining for NCAM in either a cytoplasmic, peripheral membranous, or mixed pattern; 2 of 3 prolactinomas showed patchy immunostaining. The Bouin's and/or formalin-fixed pituitary adenoma specimens from 6 clinically invasive cases showed less distinct NCAM localization but 4 out of 6 showed diffusely positive NCAM immunostaining, with greatest intensity appreciated on the Bouin's-fixed tissue. There was no correlation between NCAM staining pattern and invasive characteristics of the tumors. These results suggest that NCAM expressivity is not a useful marker for assessing pituitary adenoma tumor invasiveness.
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PMID:Neural cell adhesion molecule expression in human pituitary adenomas. 859 70

Some pituitary adenomas seem to be related to bone loss. It is unknown what kinds of pituitary adenomas affect bone mass. We attempted to determine what kinds of pituitary adenomas caused osteoporosis, and whether hormonal disturbance in pituitary adenoma patients affected bone mass. This study included 53 surgical patients (39 women of premenopausal age and 14 men) aged 21 to 62 years. We measured vertebral bone mineral density (BMD); various bone metabolic parameters, such as serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and blood urea nitrogen, parathormone, vitamin D, vitamin K, and hormonal activity in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Comparisons were made of the mean Z scores (the ratio to the mean BMD of age-matched healthy Japanese women and men) among patient groups and controls. Compared with the female controls, the mean Z score was significantly higher in the women with acromegalic adenoma and significantly lower in those with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-secreting adenoma. In male patients, the mean Z scores were significantly decreased in prolactin-secreting adenoma and nonfunctioning adenoma, compared with that in normal controls. Acromegalic adenoma contributes significantly to vertebral bone mass acquisition, although ACTH adenoma may carry a significant risk of osteoporosis in female patients. Male patients with prolactin-secreting and nonfunctioning adenoma have a significant risk of bone decrease.
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PMID:Various risks of osteoporosis in patients with pituitary adenomas. 1260 73

Increased bone turnover and other less frequent comorbidities of hyperthyroidism, such as heart failure, have only rarely been reported in association with central hyperthyroidism due to a thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting pituitary adenoma (TSHoma). Treatment is highly empirical and relies on eliminating the tumor and the hyperthyroid state.We report here an unusual case of a 39-year-old man who was initially admitted for management of pleuritic chest pain and fever of unknown origin. Diagnostic work up confirmed pericarditis and pleural effusion both refractory to treatment. The patient had a previous history of persistently elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), indicative of increased bone turnover. He had also initially been treated with thyroxine supplementation due to elevated TSH levels. During the diagnostic process a TSHoma was revealed. Thyroxine was discontinued, and resection of the pituitary tumor followed by treatment with a somatostatin analog led to complete recession of the effusions, normalization of ALP, and shrinkage of pituitary tumor.Accelerated bone metabolism and pericardial and pleural effusions attributed to a TSHoma may resolve after successful treatment of the tumor. The unexpected clinical course of this case highlights the need for careful long-term surveillance in patients with these rare pituitary adenomas.
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PMID:Somatostatin Analogue Treatment of a TSH-Secreting Adenoma Presenting With Accelerated Bone Metabolism and a Pericardial Effusion: A Case Report. 2676 10