Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A combined diagnostic system for human papilloma virus (HPV) infections comprising the Papanicolaou test and in-situ hybridization assay was evaluated. Cervical smears from 259 women obtained with a "Cytobrush" were screened. Human papilloma virus genotypes 6/11, 16/18, 31/35/51 were detected by biotin in-situ hybridization in conjunction with a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase detection complex. The diagnostic sensitivity of this assay was tested by human papilloma virus-DNA-positive human cervical carcinoma cell lines. According to the cytological (Bethesda system) and colposcopical criteria a random control group (n = 80) and prevention (n = 179) were chosen. Compared with Papanicolaou tests the frequency of human papilloma virus-DNA-positive cervices rose with the severity of cell abnormalities. The detection rate of human papilloma viruses-16/18 and human papilloma viruses-31/35/51 and of concomitant infections with human papilloma viruses-6/11 and human papilloma viruses-16/18 and/or human papilloma viruses-31/35/51 increased with the severity of cell dysplasia, whereas the rate of human papilloma virus-6/11 DNAs decreased. The incidence of oncogenic human papilloma virus types 16/18 and 31/35/51 rose with the age of the patients. A follow-up study by Papanicolaou tests of patients with mild (slight) and moderate dysplasias six months after human papilloma virus-DNA-hybridization indicates that human papilloma virus-16/18 DNA-positive lesions are more likely to persist or to progress than human papilloma virus-6/11 DNA-positive cell changes. Human papilloma virus-31/35/51 DNA-positive cell smears exhibited persistent behaviour. Our findings demonstrate that the Papanicolaou test combined with in-situ hybridization is suitable for early diagnosis and prevention of intraepithelial neoplasias and carcinomas of the uterine cervix.
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PMID:Papanicolaou test and enzyme-linked in-situ hybridization. A combined diagnostic system for papilloma virus infections with high prognostic value. 164 54

Conditions for combination of DNA in situ hybridization, using biotinylated DNA probes, with immunohistochemistry were investigated on cryostat sections, cytological preparations, and paraffin sections. We found that cryostat sections and cytological preparations are suitable for in situ hybridization of target DNA after fixation in acetone, methanol, ethanol, or Carnoy without further proteinase pretreatment. Acetone is also very suitable for immunostaining of cell surface or cytoskeleton antigens. We therefore performed combined immunoenzyme and in situ hybridization staining using this fixative. The best results were obtained when immunoperoxidase staining with diaminobenzidine/H2O2 was followed directly by in situ hybridization. In addition to immunoperoxidase, alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) staining with naphthol ASBI phosphate and New Fuchsin as a substrate could be used. In most instances, detection of the biotinylated hybrid with a streptavidin-biotinylated polyalkaline phosphatase method using nitroblue tetrazolium and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylphosphate as the substrate was preferable. The double stainings were studied on the following test models: (a) frozen tonsil sections: cell surface antigens (pan T) and ribosomal DNA; (b) frozen genital condyloma sections; cytokeratins and human papillomavirus type 6 + 11 (HPV-6/11) DNA; (c) CaSKi cells: cytokeratins and HPV-16 DNA; (d) infected fetal lung fibroblasts: vimentin and cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA. An adapted procedure was followed on routinely formaldehye-fixed and paraffin-embedded condyloma tissue. Immunoperoxidase staining for papilloma virus capsid antigen could be combined with DNA in situ hybridization with HPV-6/11 DNA. In this model, however, the accessibility of the target DNA had to be improved by enzyme treatment after the immunostaining and before starting the in situ hybridization.
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PMID:Combined immuno- and non-radioactive hybridocytochemistry on cells and tissue sections: influence of fixation, enzyme pre-treatment, and choice of chromogen on detection of antigen and DNA sequences. 246 28

Human papilloma virus was detected by in situ hybridisation in routinely processed paraffin wax sections using a synthetically produced oligonucleotide probe, end-labelled with biotin, and amplified with anti-biotin-immunogold silver staining (anti-biotin-IGSS). This system proved more sensitive than amplification with streptavidin-biotinylated alkaline phosphatase for detecting human papilloma virus type 16 in cervical tissues. The method was successfully combined with antigen staining for papilloma virus common antigens in skin and genital warts. This simple and quick method, using non-radioactively labelled synthetic probes, may be useful for the detection of other viruses in stored material and may be suitable for other double staining procedures.
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PMID:Detection of human papilloma viruses in paraffin wax sections with biotinylated synthetic oligonucleotide probes and immunogold staining. 255 31

Monoclonal antibodies reactive with placental-type alkaline phosphatase have formed the basis of methods for detection of this oncodevelopmental antigen in patients with pre-invasive and invasive cervical neoplasia, with or without evidence of papilloma virus infection. Disease-related elevations of placental-type alkaline phosphatase were not observed in patients' sera. Solubilised cervical smears or biopsy material, and cervical mucus swabs, often contained substantial amounts of this isoenzyme; however, there was no significant difference between any of the patient and control groups. Thus, serological and smear test assays for placental-type alkaline phosphatase were not useful in differential diagnosis of cervical lesions. However, its presence in most biopsy specimens, often at high levels, indicated possible application for in vivo radioimmunoimaging studies of invasive or metastatic cervical cancer.
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PMID:Placental-type alkaline phosphatase in cervical neoplasia. 302 62

The breakthrough of chemiluminescence in the field of solution immunoassays and transfer membranes prompted us to explore whether a light-based detection system could provide a gain in sensitivity over chromogenic and FITC markers for nucleic acid and protein detection on histological preparations. A Hamamatsu device and an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) luminol substrate of the peroxidase were used to detect epithelial and endothelial components by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and for in situ hybridization (ISH) of papilloma virus DNA. The accuracy of the signal was compared to that obtained with DAB-peroxidase, silver-enhanced DAB-peroxidase, NBT-BCIP-alkaline phosphatase, and FITC. Our results demonstrated the feasibility and high sensitivity of luminescence detection for histological preparations. In part due to the ultrasensitive videocamera and photon-counting imaging, interpretable and reproducible results were obtained within counting times shorter than 5 min, and with dilutions of the primary antibodies 100- to 10,000-fold greater than those used for chromogenic and FITC reactions. As for ISH, with identical concentrations of the HPV 18 DNA probe on HeLa cells, labeling was apparent by luminescence but undetectable with the chromogen. The morphological resolution allowed a discriminatory analysis of the signal. Therefore, at the light microscopic level, enhanced chemiluminescence offers an appealing alternative to FITC and chromogenic markers for detection and quantification of low-concentration molecules.
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PMID:Enhanced chemiluminescence: a high-sensitivity detection system for in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. 769 29

The pathomorphological study was carried out on a total of 360 broiler chicken which had been random-sampled on days 22 and 35 of the mast period, respectively, from those flocks that were to be compared. Furthermore, 161 animals with evidence of movement disturbance that were slaughtered in the last two mast weeks, were also evaluated. With regard to incidence, severity of movement disturbance and the spectrum of pathomorphological changes of the skeleton there were no differences between the different groups. When histological and morphometrical methods were applied, no differences in the skeleton structure were noted between flocks with conventional housing and flocks with reduced population density. Equally, no differences were ascertained with regard to dry substance and ash content of the bones including the minerals calcium and phosphorus. Furthermore, there were no group differences in serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. In numerous chicken from all groups a plantar pododermatitis with differing incidence and strongly varying intensity was observed. The lesions were characterized by a papillomatous proliferation of the basal epithelial layers. There was widespread inflammation with loss of the epithelial layer and deep necroses of the sole. A latent infection with papilloma viruses is discussed. About 90% of the random-sampled chicken of all groups showed bending of the vertebral column by 20 degrees at the height of the 6th thoracic vertebra. In numerous chicken the 6th thoracic vertebra was dislocated and slightly rotated which caused encroachment of the vertebral canal. Whether this alteration may be responsible for the frequently observed movement disturbance of broilers in the last third of the mast period can not be decided on the basis of the pathomorphological study. In any case it must be assumed that both the pododermatitis and the bending and encroachment of the vertebral column cause pain. Thus, both lesions should be evaluated from the viewpoint of animal protection.
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PMID:[Results of pathological-anatomical studies of limbs and spinal column]. 872 27