Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase (CPALP) were detected simultaneously in the sera and body fluids of two male patients with gastric carcinoma matestatic to the liver. At autopsy, widely disseminated gastric cancer of Borrmann III type with liver metastases was revealed in both bases. Histologically, they were moderately differentiated tubular and papillary adenocarcinomas with marked cellular atypia and necrosis. In Case 1, the properties of CPALP were identical to Nagao type CPALP, and in Case 2 the Variant type CPALP. Using immunofluorescence, CEA and CPALP were demonstrated in both primary and metastatic cells. However, only in Case 2 was AFP observed in some of the primary tumor cells.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase in gastric carcinoma metastatic to the liver. 7 44

By contract with the National Cancer Institute, the accuracy of diagnostic techniques was assessed in 184 patients suspected of having pancreas cancer. Of 138 patients who were operated upon, 89 were found to have pancreas duct cancer, 30 had cancer of a different site of origin in the head of the pancreas region and in 19 there was no evidence of cancer at operation. All of the 46 patients who were not operated upon, 13 proven to have cancer and 33 patients discharged as free of cancer, were followed in our clinic. The majority of our patients presented with signs and symptoms of biliary obstruction. Computerized transaxial tomography (CTT) gave a "correct" diagnosis in 31 of 33 patients (94%) with proven cancer, there were 2 patients with a false negative report and a false positive diagnosis occurred in 8 of 20 patients (40%) without cancer. Celiac angiography (CA) gave a correct diagnosis in 78 of 94 patients (83%) with cancer, a false negative in 17%, and a false positive in 32%. 76Selenomethionine pancreas scan correctly diagnosed 27 of 36 patients (75%) with cancer, gave a false negative in 25% and a false positive in 31%. Ultrasonography gave a correct diagnosis in 18 of 27 patients with cancer (67%), a false negative in 33% and a false positive in 28%. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography diagnosed correctly 8 of 11 cases (73%) of cancer, there were false negative diagnoses in 3 cases (27%) and false positives in 3 of 14 patients (21%). Duodenal aspiration techniques gave a very low percentage of correct diagnoses. Chronic pancreatitis most commonly gave rise to a false positive diagnosis. Serum alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 82% of patients, gave 18% false negatives and 33% false positives. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was elevated (greater than 2.5 ng/ml) in most of the pancreas cancer patients but also in patients with other cancers and with non-cancerous diseases. In our hands, CTT, CA, alkaline phosphatase, 75Se-methionine and ultrasonography, in descending order, have given the highest percentage of correct diagnoses but false positive and false negative diagnoses prevented any single test from being conclusive.
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PMID:The value of diagnostic aids in detecting pancreas cancer. 63 74

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was determined in 72 patients with metastatic breast cancer under various kinds of treatment. In 53 cases, CEA levels were elevated. They correlated with free interval, metastatic spreading, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT). Serial CEA determinations in 50 of the 72 patients revealed increased CEA levels in connexion with progressive tumour growth and decreased CEA levels in connexion with response to treatment. CEA may therefore be useful in helping to assess the extension of the tumour and the effect of treatment in patients with matastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:[Carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA) in patients with metastatic breast cancer under endocrine and therapeutic treatment (author's transl)]. 63 96

Carcinoembryonic antigen and some liver function tests (alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, lactic dehydrogenase and cholinesterase) were evaluated in patients with primary colorectal cancer in order to define their role in the pre-operative detection of liver metastases. The records of 278 consecutive patients admitted to the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan between January 1982 and December 1983 who were suffering from primary invasive colo-rectal cancer and who underwent laparotomy were retrospectively analyzed. At laparotomy, liver metastases were found in 38 pts (13.7%). Considering single tests, CEA was the most sensitive (71%); no single test was found to be reliably predictive, when the result was abnormal. On the contrary, the normal value of each test was associated with a good prediction. When we considered all the five tests together in the single patient their predictive value, when abnormal, proved to be quite good only if four or five results were abnormal. On the other hand, liver metastases in the presence of all normal tests were found only in two patients, so giving a negative predictive value of about 97%. So we conclude that, in the lack of an infallible imaging technique for liver evaluation, in the presence of all normal tests any other investigation on the liver could be avoided. However, when liver tests are pathologic, some other imaging technique should be performed in order to supply the surgeon with information about the extent and the spread of the metastases.
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PMID:The role of CEA and liver function tests in the detection of hepatic metastases from colo-rectal cancer. 209 Jan 87

Seminomas and control tissues were analyzed for several tumor markers. Very high levels of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP)-like enzyme levels were found in all 18 seminomas studied. The majority of the seminomas were of phenotype I, thus differing from palcental PLAP. The mean amount of enzyme protein as measured by monoclonal antibodies, was 100 times higher than in non-malignant tissues and 10 times lower than in placental tissue. The specific enzymatic activity in seminomas was about half of that observed in placenta. Similarly, the specific activity of PLAP-like enzymes in sera of patients with seminoma was only about half of that found in pregnancy sera. HCG was strongly elevated in 3 seminomas, but not obviously related to PLAP. Thirteen of the 17 pure seminomas had HCG over 100 IU/g, which was not seen in normal testes. Liver alkaline phosphatase (LAP) and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) were high in seminomatous tissues, the mean increases being 60-fold and 20-fold, respectively. The highest IAP levels were found in 2 yolk-sac tumors. Ferritin was moderately elevated in seminomas, but high in several control tissues. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was not elevated and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was not detected at all in pure seminomas. A decrease in carbohydrate antigen 50 (CA-50) content was noted in seminomas as compared to normal testes, yolk-sac tumors and choriocarcinomas. Defects in tumor-related enzymes may account for increase of PLAP and decrease of CA-50.
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PMID:Patterns of seminoma tissue markers and deletions. 244

Carcinoembryonic antigen (C.E.A.) estimation has been used in the preoperative assessment of colorectal carcinoma patients and has been shown to give a useful guide to the presence of metastatic disease and ultimately to a poor prognosis if the serum concentration is 100 ng/ml or more. C.E.A. has been shown to be a more reliable index of tumour spread than either clinical examination or serum alkaline phosphatase estimation. Raised C.E.A. levels of less than 100 ng/ml do not, however, necessarily imply a poor prognosis. Routine C.E.A. estimation may have a valuable role in the assessment of the colorectal cancer patient by identifying those likely to benefit from postoperative chemotherapy.The test has also been assessed in a group of patients attending cancer follow-up clinics after radical resection of a colorectal tumour. Raised C.E.A. occurred in most of those developing recurrent disease, and in several patients a rising C.E.A. level preceded clinical or biochemical evidence of recurrence. C.E.A. estimation is a superior guide and of clinical importance when applied to the follow-up of the colorectal cancer patient.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen in management of colorectal carcinoma. 442 72

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was measured in whole serum and in serum extracted with perchloric acid by microradioimmunoassay in patients with benign and malignant diseases of the liver and pancreas. The level of detectability was 5 ng per ml. This level or greater was present in the serum of 50% of patients with chronic diffuse liver disease, 64% with pancreatitis, 94% with cancer of the digestive system, and 3% of controls. The incidence of levels of CEA of 5 ng/ml or more differed for various categories of chronic liver disease: from 22% in active chronic hepatitis, 46% in primary biliary cirrhosis, 63% in hepatoma, 78% in cryptogenic cirrhosis, and 88% in alcoholic cirrhosis; levels of CEA correlated with degrees of impairment of liver function as judged by bromsulphalein retention and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and transaminase. In pancreatitis, 64% of cases had levels of CEA ranging from 5 to 20 ng/ml and in cancer of the pancreas 94% had levels above 5 ng/ml and 50% above 20 ng/ml.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen in serum in diseases of the liver and pancreas. 472 56

The diagnostic value of 7 laboratory parameters for the detection of metastases was investigated in 136 patients with verified breast carcinoma after mastectomy. The post-operative interval was 6 to 80 months (means = 27.5). 61 patients had multiple metastases as determined by physical examination, X-rays, computertomography, sonographic and scan procedures, while the other 75 patients had no evidence of metastases. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) proved to be reliable parameters for the presence of metastases; the combination of these 3 parameters had a sensitivity of 73.0% and a specificity of 94.7% in the detection of metastases. The additional determination of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT), blood sedimentation rate (BSR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum iron (Fe) increased the sensitivity of metastases detection to 83.8%, but the specificity decreased to 46.2%.
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PMID:[Significance of laboratory chemical parameters for the detection of metastases in breast cancer]. 614 67

35 intrathoracic tumors were investigated for the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen. Additionally, activity of alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific esterase was determined in correlation to the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen. Carcinoembryonic antigen was detected in 60% of all tumors and in 64% of bronchial carcinomas. Most positive findings were observed in adenocarcinomas and epidermoid carcinomas. Mesenchymal tumors (neurinoma, neurosarcoma, neurofibroma, thymoma) showed negative findings. Correlations between the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen and nonspecific esterase respectively alkaline phosphatase were not observed.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical findings in intrathoracic tumors. III. Detection of carcinoembryonic antigen in tumor tissue]. 638 98

The effects of sodium butyrate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and retinoic acid on the growth, morphology, carcinoembryonic antigen content, cell surface membrane-associated enzyme activities, and glycoprotein profiles of a human rectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HRT-18) in culture were compared. All three agents reversibly caused a marked increase in doubling times, a decrease in saturation densities, and a markedly reduced colony-forming efficiency in soft agar. Only butyrate caused gross morphological changes including cell enlargement, flattening, and increased membranous process formation. Carcinoembryonic antigen content was increased during culture in butyrate, while it was reduced by DMSO and unchanged by retinoic acid. The activities of membrane-associated enzymes were altered significantly in the butyrate-treated cells. For example, an increase in the activities of alkaline phosphatase (10-fold), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity (3-fold) and sucrase activity (2-fold) was observed, while those of aminooligopeptidase and K+-stimulated phosphatase actually showed slight decreases. DMSO- or retinoic acid-treated cells showed a marked decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity, but other enzyme activities remained unchanged. Surface protein-labeling patterns of lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodinated HRT-18 cells showed no significant change from the control cells following treatment with DMSO or retinoic acid. The most prominent change caused by butyrate treatment was the appearance of a major glycoprotein band with an apparent molecular weight of 60,000. These data indicate that the use of butyrate, DMSO, and retinoic acid may provide useful information concerning the identification of differentiation-associated markers of human rectal cancer cells. Furthermore, these agents, although having similar effects on the growth properties, have different effects on the morphology and on the biochemical properties of human rectal cancer cells.
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PMID:Differential effects of sodium butyrate, dimethyl sulfoxide, and retinoic acid on membrane-associated antigen, enzymes, and glycoproteins of human rectal adenocarcinoma cells. 705 70


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