Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A comparison of preoperative serum tumor markers (lactate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aldolase, leucine aminopeptidase, cholinesterase, erythrocyte sedimentation reaction, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, and beta 2-microglobulin) was made in 76 patients with ovarian or uterine cancer. Sixty-six patients with benign ovarian tumor served as control subjects. From analysis of each tumor marker the greatest positive results were obtained with the markers beta 2-microglobulin (57.1%), lactate dehydrogenase (53.1%), and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (46.2%) for patients with carcinoma of the ovary. The use of these marker combinations in all ovarian cancer patients resulted in a marked increase of the positive rate from 57.1 to 85.2%. In stage I cases, the positive rate increased from 40.6 to 63.6%.
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PMID:Significance of serum tumor markers in patients with carcinoma of the ovary. 619 5

Records of 19 autopsied patients with metastatic carcinoma were studied to elucidate the contribution to the elevation of antemortem plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels (range, 5.9--136,000 ng/ml) of 1) liver pathology and dysfunction, 2) tumor morphology and CEA content, and 3) tumor spread and location. Liver function tests and plasma CEA recorded within 8 weeks of death, autopsy records of tumor spread, liver weight (as an index of liver tumor mass), and histologic sections were reviewed. Tissue CEA was demonstrated in 15 patients by an immunoperoxidase method. Cholestasis was seen in histologic sections of tissue from 8 of 10 patients, and elevated bilirubin was seen in 7 of 10 patients with hepatic metastases and CEA levels greater than 1,000 ng/ml In contrast, histologically observed cholestasis and elevated bilirubin were seen in only 1 of 8 patients with CEA less than 500 ng/ml. A significant correlation was found between the plasma CEA level and histologically observed cholestasis (P less than 0.01). Serum bilirubin also correlated significantly (P less than 0.01), but alkaline phosphatase did not. Liver weight (tumor mass) showed a positive correlation with cholestasis (P less than 0.01) but not with circulating CEA. Markedly elevated plasma CEA levels (greater than 1,000 ng/ml) seen preterminally may partially reflect impaired excretion of CEA by the hepatobiliary system rather than, or in addition to, preterminal increase in CEA-producing tumor.
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PMID:Cholestasis and hepatic metastases: a factor contributing to extreme elevations of carcinoembryonic antigen. 624 98

A case is reported of a small primary occult gastric adenocarcinoma occurring in a 57-year-old man revealing widespread metastasis to generalized bone, and associated with high serum level of circulating human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase). The primary site of metastatic bone tumor was not clear until autopsy. Microscopic examination of the gastric primary revealed moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma admixed with numerous signet-ring carcinoma cells without conspicuous trophoblastic differentiation. The elaboration of hCG and intestinal and placental isoenzyme of ALPase by carcinoma cells themselves was confirmed by the indirect immunoperoxidase method. The present case may be interesting because of unusual metastasis and simultaneous production of hCG, CEA, and intestinal and placental ALPase isoenzymes.
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PMID:Gonadotropin and alkaline phosphatase producing occult gastric carcinoma with widespread metastasis of generalized bone. 626 51

A mixed mesodermal tumor of the ovary with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production was serially heterotransplanted into nude mice. The original tumor was diagnosed as homologous tumor, with sarcomatous component consisting of nonspecific spindle-shaped cells. These features were basically retained in the transplanted tumors, including CEA and ALP production. But, heterologous, chondrocytic-differentiated foci were found in the tumors at the third and sixth passages. Transitional-type cells from sarcomatous to carcinomatous cells were sometimes found in the transplanted tumors by light and electron microscopy. Ciliated sarcomatous cells, which may also represent the epithelial differentiation of sarcomatous cells, were found in the tumors at first passage. The current results support the combination tumor theory, which means that both the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components are of common stem cell origin.
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PMID:Mixed mesodermal tumor of the ovary with carcinoembryonic antigen and alkaline phosphatase production. Histochemical, autoradiographic, and electron microscopic studies of heterotransplanted tumors in athymic nude mice. 631 55

35 intrathoracic tumors were investigated for the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen. Additionally, activity of alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific esterase was determined in correlation to the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen. Carcinoembryonic antigen was detected in 60% of all tumors and in 64% of bronchial carcinomas. Most positive findings were observed in adenocarcinomas and epidermoid carcinomas. Mesenchymal tumors (neurinoma, neurosarcoma, neurofibroma, thymoma) showed negative findings. Correlations between the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen and nonspecific esterase respectively alkaline phosphatase were not observed.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical findings in intrathoracic tumors. III. Detection of carcinoembryonic antigen in tumor tissue]. 638 98

The diagnostic value of a recently described cancer marker, fast homoarginine-sensitive alkaline phosphatase ( FHAP ), was compared with the established marker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), in the diagnosis of colon cancer. Comparisons were made with respect to sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a positive result, and efficiency. An upper limit of normal of 2.1 units/L was assumed for FHAP , based on earlier studies. Two values for the upper limit of normal for CEA were tested: 2.5 ng/mL and 5.0 ng/mL. When 2.5 ng/mL was used as the upper limit of normal for CEA, FHAP was less sensitive, more specific, and had a higher predictive value. The diagnostic efficiency was not significantly different. When the upper limit of normal for CEA was set at 5.0 ng/mL, the two tests were roughly equal in sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and diagnostic efficiency.
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PMID:A comparison of fast homoarginine-sensitive alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen as markers in colon carcinoma. 672 99

Purified monoclonal antibodies (Mab) produced by 3 hybridomas and reacting with 3 different epitopes of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were used in a solid phase enzyme immunoassay. Two Mabs were physically adsorbed to polystyrene balls and the third Mab was coupled to alkaline phosphatase using the bifunctional reagent N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionate. During a first incubation, CEA from heat-extracted serum samples was immunoadsorbed to the antibody coated balls. After washing of the balls, bound CEA was detected by a second incubation with the enzyme coupled Mab. The sensitivity of the assay was 0.6 ng per ml of serum. A total of 196 serum samples from patients with various types of carcinoma, with liver cirrhosis, or from healthy blood donors with or without smoking habits, were tested. The results obtained with the monoclonal enzyme immunoassay (M-EIA) were compared with those obtained with perchloric acid extracts of the same serum samples tested by an inhibition radioimmunoassay using conventional goat anti-CEA antiserum. There was an excellent correlation between the two assays. In particular, the new M-EIA gave good results for the detection of tumor recurrences in the follow-up of colon carcinoma patients. However, despite the use of exclusively monoclonal antibodies the new assay detected a similar percentage of slightly elevated CEA values as the conventional assay in patients with non-malignant disease, suggesting that the CEA associated with non-malignant diseases is immunologically identical to the CEA released by colon carcinoma.
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PMID:Sandwich enzyme immunoassay using three monoclonal antibodies against different epitopes of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). 675 73

A comparison of several serum tumor markers (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), LDH isozyme, hydroxybutylrate dehydrogenase (HBD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholinesterase (Choline-E), aldolase (ALD), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP)) was made in patients with carcinoma or benign tumor of the ovary and healthy control subjects. The greatest positive rates were obtained with the markers HBD (76.5%) and Choline-E (73.3%) for patients with carcinoma of the ovary, respectively. However, based on false positive results, Choline-E was also greatest (50.0%) for patients with benign tumor of the ovary. The lowest false positive rates were obtained with ALD, but the positive rates for patients with stage I and II diseases were 0.0%. The most suitable single marker for patients with stage I and II diseases was HBD (62.5%), followed by LDH (41.7%). Three of 4 patients with early cancer, who had normal serum LDH levels, showed abnormal LDH isozyme patterns (elevated LDH-4 and -5). A combination of LDH activity and LDH isozyme resulted in an increase in the positive results (41.7% to 70.0%), that is, the cancer patients were positive for one of the two markers. For CEA, AFP and HCG, the positive results were 26.9%, 19.0% and 7.1%, respectively. Positive and false positive rates for ALP were 36.7% and 7.1%, but the positive rates in the early stage were lower (14.3%), compared to those for LDH and HBD. HBD and LDH activities in the ovarian malignant tissues and ascitic fluids were significantly higher than those in the benign tumor tissues and ascitic fluids, resulting in a significant elevation of serum LDH and HBD levels in the patients. Moreover, it was suggested that inhibition test of ALP by the inhibitors might be able to identify the tissue origin of ALP in the cancer patients.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of biochemical tumor markers in serum of patients with cancer of the ovary]. 683 10

In 220 patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma, objective tumor response to chemotherapy and survival were related to the following parameters: age, sex, performance status, time interval from diagnosis to metastases, initial site of metastases, and initial white blood cell count, lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and carcinoembryonic antigen levels. Each variable was first evaluated separately. By conventional statistical methods, none of the variables significantly predicted response, although the following parameters significantly (p less than 0.01) predicted survival: Patients with an initially normal level of lactic dehydrogenase versus those with an abnormal level of lactic dehydrogenase had median survivals of 16 and 7.0 months, respectively; normal versus abnormal carcinoembryonic antigen levels, 23 and 9.2 months, respectively; white blood cell count of less than 10,000 versus greater than 10,000 cells/mm3, 11 and 7.0 months, respectively; performance status of greater than 70 versus less than 60, 11 and 6.6 months, respectively; and lung versus liver metastases, 12 and 8.0 months, respectively. By studying the variables together with multivariate analysis, we found that the most important variables in predicting response were the lactic dehydrogenase level and the white blood cell count. In predicting survival, the most important variables were the lactic dehydrogenase level, performance status, and lung involvement. We recommend that future randomized therapeutic trials for advanced colorectal carcinoma should delineate and perhaps stratify for the lactic dehydrogenase level, performance status, white blood cell count, and/or the presence of lung involvement.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in advanced colorectal carcinoma. Importance of lactic dehydrogenase level, performance status, and white blood cell count. 683 2

Serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) were measured in 75 patients with colorectal carcinoma. The levels of all three immunoglobulins were significantly higher in patients with recurrent colorectal carcinoma compared to those with resectable Duke's B or C colorectal carcinoma, particularly for IgM which was elevated above the normal range in 23 of 55 patients (41.8%). In recurrent disease there was no difference in serum immunoglobulin levels for multiple compared to single metastatic sites, or for patients with heaptic metastases compared to those with non-hepatic metastases. In recurrent colorecial carcinoma, serum alkaline phosphatase was normal in 23 of 55 patients, and serum IgM was elevated in 12 of these 23 patients. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen was normal in 3 of 18 patients, and serum IgM was elevated in two of these three patients. In patients who have had a colorectal cancer resected measurement of serum immunoglobulins, in combination with other screening tests, may be of value in the diagnosis of recurrent disease.
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PMID:Serum immunoglobulins in colorectal cancer. 694 82


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