Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We determined the effect of long-term freezer storage and repeated thawing and freezing of serum on concentrations of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate), enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase), total protein, tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein), and other substances. Vials (1 ml) of frozen serum from a single blood drawing from 40 women with no breast disease and 70 with benign breast disease were analyzed annually from 1983 to 1987. Blood had been obtained from 40 subjects in 1978, 40 in 1980, and 30 in 1983. Thawing and refreezing studies were done in two ways: (1) serum samples from 30 subjects with benign breast disease were thawed at weekly intervals for 6 weeks and (2) serum samples from 30 patients with stage IV breast cancer were analyzed for alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen, and serum specimens from 23 patients with benign breast disease and 7 control subjects were analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase after thawing and keeping the samples at room temperature for up to 4 hours and then refreezing them. For measuring laboratory variability, duplicate samples were processed. Long-term storage (up to 10 years) and repeated thawing and refreezing did not affect the results of any tested constituents of serum. Although most measurements showed statistically significant variability over test cycles, these differences were thought to be due to laboratory variability.
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PMID:Effect of long-term freezer storage, thawing, and refreezing on selected constituents of serum. 259 13

In 1978, a prospective program was initiated to evaluate postoperative monitoring of patients after resection of carcinoma of the colon and rectum. The program included clinical examination, interval endoscopy, measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), selected liver function tests (alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase) and roentgenologic testing: roentgenograms of the chest, barium enema, intravenous pyelogram (IVP) and computerized axial tomographic (CAT) scan. Of the initial 226 patients enrolled, 179 had at least one abnormal elevation of the CEA level, and in 70 (39 per cent), recurrence developed. Of the 70 with recurrence, 62 (89 per cent) had elevated CEA levels (greater than 3.0 nanograms per milliliter) prior to detection of recurrence by other means. Eight patients had normal levels (two were false-negative and the other six were tested at inappropriate times). Although other test results often complemented CEA, they were generally less sensitive for early detection. Selective use of these tests frequently documented site and extent of recurrence. The detection sensitivity of these other tests was highest with CAT scan (83 per cent), followed by barium enema and endoscopy (56 and 46 per cent). Forty-five patients underwent re-exploration. Recurrence was found in 42, of whom 23 had resectable disease (five of 11, liver; 17 of 24, local or pelvis, and one of one, lung). In three patients, nothing abnormal was found at exploration; two of these patients ultimately had metastases develop. The median survival time was 43 months and the estimated five year survival rate was 38 per cent. CEA is the best over-all indicator of early recurrence and frequent testing at short intervals is most important. Periodic clinical examination and selected other studies are also essential for early documentation of recurrence. Second-look surgical procedures appear beneficial for survival time in selected patients.
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PMID:Prospective monitoring trial for carcinoma of colon and rectum after surgical resection. 268 53

The clinical course of colorectal carcinoma may be monitored by tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carcinoma antigen (CA) 19-9 and CA-50. Alkaline phosphatase isozymes were previously used to study the clinical course of testicular and gynecologic tumors. In this study we investigated 8 patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. Their sera were analyzed for the tumor markers CEA, CA 19-9, CA-50 and three alkaline phosphatase isozymes: the nonspecific liver isozyme LAP, the intestinal isozyme IAP and the placental isozyme PLAP. Rising levels of CEA, CA 19-9 and CA-50 were seen as expected, and PLAP also showed rising levels during tumor progression. LAP remained elevated. This indicates an association between progression of colorectal carcinoma and a raised serum content of alkaline phosphatase isozymes.
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PMID:Significance of alkaline phosphatase isozymes in the monitoring of patients with colorectal carcinoma. 281 31

An autopsy case of genital Paget's disease with a widespread metastases is reported. A 69-year-old man with redness, itching and swelling of the scrotum obtained dermatological consultation and underwent tumor resection for Paget's disease. At 8 months after discharge, he suffered from a costal fracture because of carcinomatosis of the bone marrow. In laboratory data the serum level of alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen was shown to be high. Four months later, he died of severe congestive edema of the lung with diffuse micrometastases. An autopsy revealed a widespread metastases in various organs and lymph nodes. The Paget cells were positive in carcinoembryonic antigen.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of Paget's disease of the scrotum with general metastasis]. 282 77

The potential therapeutic effects of differentiating agents on leukemic and solid tumor cells are being evaluated worldwide. These effects can be followed by morphologic as well as biochemical parameters. The enzymatic profile of four enzymes and the level of carcinoembryonic antigen were studied in 24 human colorectal carcinoma specimens and their adjacent uninvolved mucosa. The enzymes studied were thymidine kinase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase as markers of proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase as markers of differentiation. A consistent finding was a marked increase in the activities of thymidine kinase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in the tumor cells as compared with the adjacent normal mucosa. The activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was not significantly different between tumor and uninvolved colon tissue. Alkaline phosphatase activity was markedly reduced in the tumor specimens. A relationship between the degree of differentiation and the degree of penetration and CEA expression was demonstrated in the tumor specimens as well as in their surrounding uninvolved mucosa.
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PMID:Biochemical tissue markers of human colorectal carcinoma. 289 33

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) scores in peripheral blood and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were determined in 208 breast cancer patients with nonmetastatic disease. Patients were followed until clinical manifestations of metastases appeared. Then the LAP score and CEA level were analyzed in relation to the clinical appearance of metastases. Of the 208 patients studied, 58 developed metastases during the follow-up period. The LAP scores and CEA levels of this group of patients were compared to a control group of 60 breast cancer patients who did not develop metastases. Of the two markers, LAP score seems to be considerably more useful in detecting metastatic disease.
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PMID:Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen in breast cancer patients: clinical correlation with the markers. 291 42

Prognostic indicators in 67 patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases were analyzed. These patients were identified to have isolated hepatic metastases after extensive radiological evaluation and demonstrated good performance status without evidence of liver failure. Univariate analysis revealed 6 of 22 factors that were associated with survival: alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), occult intra-abdominal extrahepatic disease, percent hepatic replacement by tumor (PHR), sex, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). A multivariate analysis identified two independent factors that jointly influenced survival: AP and PHR. Patients with an AP greater than 175 U/liter had a greater than threefold relative risk of dying compared with patients with AP less than or equal to 175 U/liter (P = 0.0001). Patients with PHR II or III (25-75%, greater than 75%) also had a greater than threefold relative risk of dying compared with patients with PHR 1 (less than 25%; P = 0.0074). Our patient population is typical of that being entered into trials examining experimental therapies. Alkaline phosphatase and extent of liver involvement by tumor are significant prognostic indicators that should be accounted for in such studies.
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PMID:Determinants of survival in patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases. 292 37

To evaluate which site of infusion maximizes tumor response to regional hepatic chemotherapy, 25 patients were randomized preoperatively to receive chemotherapy administration via hepatic artery or portal vein catheters. Of the 25 patients, five did not have catheters placed due to extrahepatic disease, and one patient did not receive infusion chemotherapy. Continuous floxuridine infusion was given at a dosage of 0.3 mg/kg/d, alternating with saline solution every two weeks. The mean percentage of hepatic tumor replacement (36% vs 41%), mean serum alkaline phosphatase level (218 vs 179 IU/mL), and mean plasma carcinoembryonic antigen level (689 vs 563 ng/mL) were similar in both groups. Four (50%) of eight hepatic artery patients responded to treatment compared with 0/11 portal vein patients. Ten of 11 portal vein patients showed progressive tumor growth; nine of these patients were crossed over to arterial infusion. Three (33%) of these nine patients had an objective tumor response with the hepatic arterial infusion. This prospective, randomized clinical trial demonstrates significantly improved tumor response after hepatic arterial infusion compared with portal vein infusion.
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PMID:Regional infusion for colorectal hepatic metastases. A randomized trial comparing the hepatic artery with the portal vein. 296 Feb 96

The influence of a variety of clinical and biochemical parameters on the activities in serum of ribonuclease (RNAse) selective for polycytidylic acid (RNAse C) were examined in 90 adult patients with cancer. The clinical data base determined on each patient included: RNAse C level, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, age, sex, race, presence (or absence of metastases, type of cancer, site of metastasis, renal function blood urea nitrogen [BUN], creatinine), hepatic function (bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase), and nutritional status (percent ideal body weight, percent weight loss, and albumin). Common tumor types studied included: colon (21), lung (18), breast (15), and hepatocellular carcinoma (10). For comparison, 175 nonmalignant control patients were studied to establish the normal range for RNAse. In patients with cancer, RNAse levels were increased in 57% and CEA levels were above 10 ng/dl in 36%. Although patients with BUN greater than 25 mg/dl or creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dl were not entered on the study, nonetheless, RNAse was significantly (P less than 0.05) associated with both BUN and creatinine. Nutritional status also had an important influence on RNAse levels as both percent weight loss and percent ideal body weight were significantly (P less than 0.05) associated with circulatory RNAse: weight loss resulted in higher RNAse levels. These results account in part for the increased RNAse levels seen in those malignant conditions such as pancreatic and lung cancer commonly associated with weight loss in advanced stage. The possibility that circulatory RNAse C determination will provide a sensitive means for assessing nutritional status in cancer patients will require prospective evaluation.
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PMID:Influence of nutritional status on circulatory ribonuclease C levels in patients with cancer. 298 Nov 45

In 141 postmenopausal node-positive patients with primary breast cancer, routine biochemical markers (alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, carcinoembryonic antigen), and chest x-ray, in combination with history and clinical examination, have been performed at 3 monthly intervals for at least 2 years. Sixty one patients relapsed at a median time of 14 months. The recurrence was detected at routine follow-up in 40 (66%) patients. Of these 40 patients, 26 (65%) presented with symptoms, 11 (28%) were asymptomatic but were found to have relapsed on clinical examination, and only 3 (8%) had their relapse diagnosed on the basis of an abnormal chest x-ray. The remaining 21 patients presented early with symptoms. Therefore symptoms and clinical examination accounted for the detection of relapse in 58 of the 61 (95%) patients. Of the patients who had relapsed, 49% (30 of 61) had one or more abnormal markers/chest x-rays prior to relapse, rising to 79% (48 of 61) at the time of relapse. Of 80 patients with no evidence of recurrence, 36% (29) had no marker abnormality recorded, whereas in 64% (51) one or more abnormalities were found. These results suggest that history and examination are the important procedures in follow-up, and that abnormal markers are not always due to metastatic disease and may be misleading.
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PMID:Tests for detecting recurrent disease in the follow-up of patients with breast cancer. 316 30


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