Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hyperparathyroid bone disease is a common complication of end stage renal failure, particularly in patients on maintenance haemodialysis. Several studies have, however, shown a near absence of hyperparathyroid bone disease in diabetic patients who have been receiving haemodialysis for periods of up to 4 years. We have studied biochemical indices of mineral metabolism in 54 consecutive pre-dialysis patients with moderate to severe renal impairment. Deteriorating renal function was associated with developing hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia. Hypocalcaemia was strongly related to increased severe alkaline phosphatase activity (p less than 0.001), suggesting the development of hyperparathyroidism. Five patients with hypocalcaemia and increased alkaline phosphatase were studied in detail. All had elevated serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and histological signs of hyperparathyroidism on bone biopsy. Three of the patients had low serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels with associated osteomalacia, the other 2 patients were notable for their long duration of renal failure. In the long-term (greater than 4 years) we also observed the development of hyperparathyroidism in a small group of diabetic patients maintained on haemodialysis. We conclude that diabetic patients are not uniquely protected against renal osteodystrophy. Although the prevalence of hyperparathyroidism may be lower in diabetic patients than in those with other types of renal disease, the same factors which predispose to bone disease in non-diabetic patients (long duration of renal failure, low serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D and long periods on haemodialysis) also operate in the diabetic population.
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PMID:Hyperparathyroid bone disease in diabetic renal failure. 213 93

Laboratory characteristics of a metabolic disease (Osteodystrophia fibrosa) in standard young minks and arctic foxes is described. In comparison with the control group, while the biochemical characteristics of the blood samples of arctic foxes was not very different from the control group in the contents of macroelements (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium), significant differences were revealed by the analyses of the bone samples of os femoris. In young minks the ash weight in 1 g of fat-free dry matter made only 321.94 mg (52.45%), while in the control group 613.82 mg. A similar decrease (P less than 0.01) was observed, in comparison with the control, in the contents of calcium and phosphorus (44.75% and 56.90%). A slight increase in the magnesium content is not statistically significant. Evaluation of ash content in os femoris in young arctic foxes gave similar results. Biochemical characteristics of their blood showed a significant increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase. An application of the chemical analyses of bones to diagnosing metabolic disturbances in fur animals is discussed.
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PMID:[Changes in the mineral content of bones in fibrous osteodystrophy in standard minks and Arctic foxes]. 308 12

Brown tumor is not a true tumor, being an unusual reactive lesion in association with primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. We report a 23-year-old woman, who initially presented with lower back pain caused by ureterolithiasis. The initial diagnosis of brown tumor was delayed, but later pain in her leg worsened and a sacral lesion was incidentally discovered on lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); multiple destructive bone lesions were then found radiologically. The radiological features of the multiple bone lesions, which mimicked multiple metastatic tumors, seemed to be those of the terminal stage of malignancy. However, pathological examination and abnormal laboratory data showing elevated serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone and low serum phosphate confirmed the diagnosis of brown tumor. Adenoma in the parathyroid gland was confirmed and surgically resected. The clinical symptoms of bone pain, and abnormal radiological findings and laboratory data were resolved 6 months after surgery. Synthetic analysis of the clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings was necessary for the definite diagnosis of brown tumor.
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PMID:A case of multiple skeletal lesions of brown tumors, mimicking carcinoma metastases. 1735 10

Brown tumors of bone are highly vascular, lytic bone lesions representing a reparative cellular process rather than a neoplastic process usually seen in patients with hyperparathyroidism. These tumors can behave aggressively and be destructive. We report a 49-year-old male patient who was admitted to our hospital with a long-term history of right shoulder and right hip pain. Multiple lytic and destructive bone lesions were found in X-ray graphy and CT images. These bone lesions mimicked multiple skeletal metastatic lesions and seemed to be those of the terminal stage of malignancy. PET scan was requested for the evaluation of FDG uptake of these lesions and to search the unknown primary tumor site. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images showed multiple hypermetabolic malignant or metastatic FDG avid bone lesions in skeletal system. However the biopsy results revealed no signs of malignancy and laboratory data showed elevated serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, low serum phosphate and parathyroid scintigraphy was performed. Adenoma in the left parathyroid gland was seen with Tc-99m MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy. Pathological results confirmed the diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma. Brown tumor is the potential cause of false-positive result in evaluation of a patient for unknown primary tumor or skeletal metastases with PET/CT imaging.
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PMID:Positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging of brown tumors mimicking multiple skeletal metastases in patient with primary hyperparathyroidism. 2308 82

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign, non-odontogenic bone lesion of jaw. The condition is relatively infrequent and affects mainly children and young adults with a certain predominance among females and exhibits variable aggressiveness. Giant cell lesion associated with hyperparathyroidism is known as Brown tumor. Brown tumor is one of the bony complications of hyperparathyroidism. It is a giant cell granuloma which occurs in osteitis fibrosis cystica. It represents the terminal stage of the bone remodelling processes occurring as a result of peritrabecular fibrosis and osteoclastic activity. The mandible is the predominantly affected site in the maxillofacial area. Maxillary involvement is rare. The incidence of Brown tumor associated with hyperparathyroidism is rare (0.1%). Here, an extremely rare case of a 20 year old female patient with Brown tumor in her maxilla and mandible associated with primary hyperparathyroidism was presented. A thorough diagnostic work up showed presence of tumor mass in mandible and maxilla and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and parathormone level and the patient was treated for both hyperparathyroidism and Brown tumor were discussed. The importance of different radiological evaluation methods and the consultation between the oral and maxillofacial surgeons, dentists, endocrinologists and radiologists were emphasized.
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PMID:Brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism involving craniomaxillofacial region: a rare case report and literature review. 2412

Brown tumor of the jaws is a manifestation of hyperparathyroidism consisting of osteolytic lesions that show proliferation of multinucleated giant cells in the maxilla and/or mandible. Differential diagnosis of these lesions from local central giant-cell granuloma is mandatory for the correct treatment of the patient. Radiographic and histopathological exams of the jaw lesion are not sufficient to determine the diagnosis, which requires laboratory tests including serum levels of calcium, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and phosphate, and radiographic examination of other bones as well, such as hand-wrist, pelvis, and femur. We present here a brief literature review focusing on the clinical and radiographic features, diagnostic criteria and treatment of brown tumor and also report a case of the disease affecting the jaw.
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PMID:Brown tumor of the jaws as a manifestation of tertiary hyperparathyroidism: A literature review and case report. 2960 23