Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Possibility of separate estimation of urinary enzymes after impairment of glomerular system and kidney tissue was considered theoretically. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were studied in blood serum and urine of II patients with nephrotic syndrome (4 patients with nephrotic form of glomerulonephritis and 7 patients with mixed form of glomerulonephritis). Urinary enzymes derived from blood serum constituted 20-30% of total enzymatic activity in urine of the patients with mixed form of glomerulonephritis and it was related only to the blood serum enzymes with relatively low molecular mass and high activity (alkaline phosphatase and LDH). The results obtained are consistent with the published data showing that kidney tissue is mainly responsible for appearance of the enzymes in urine.
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PMID:[A method of separate determination of enzymuria associated with impairment of glomerular filtration in kidney tissue]. 381 Dec 90

In order to elucidate the blood serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) content in the course of the development of chronic renal failure (CRF), 80 patients with chronile glomerulonephritis were examined. Of these, in 24 glomerular filtration (GF) was normal, whereas 56 had CRF of varying degree. Thirty-three out of the 80 patients had the nephrotic syndrome (NS). The parameters enumerated were also determined in 45 patients with CRF treated by hemodialysis. In patients without the NS, hypocalcemia was discovered only at the final predialysis stage of CRF, while in the presence of the NS, it was detectable in normal GF and was aggravated as CRF progressed. The PTH level ascended if GF was lower than 40 ml/min, not correlating with calcium concentration in the serum. A direct correlation was disclosed between the PTH level and that of inorganic phosphorus. The role of the latter in stimulation of PTH and CT secretion in CRF is discussed. In patients treated by hemodialysis, the PTH level significantly rose with treatment time increase. There was also a tendency toward elevation of CT concentration. The activity of the osseous fraction of blood serum alkaline phosphatase in patients treated by hemodialysis was increased in 61-84% of cases depending on the treatment period.
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PMID:[Phosphorus and calcium metabolism and its hormonal regulation in chronic kidney failure]. 398 31

A 7-year-old boy was referred to the children's hospital because of gross oedema and tiredness. Massive proteinuria was found and the condition was diagnosed as a childhood nephrotic syndrome. Concomitantly, pathologically low levels of serum alkaline phosphatase were recorded, and this, together with generalized osteoporosis and premature synostosis of cranial sutures, led to a second diagnosis: hypophosphatasia. The patient's family history further confirmed this condition of a heritable defect of metabolism. Dental inspection revealed very carious teeth with characteristically enlarged pulp chambers in molars. Histological examination of an extracted tooth revealed an unusually wide zone of predentine with some other dentinal irregularities. No cement layer was found. The skeletal age and exfoliation of primary teeth, however, were normal, unlike most reported cases of hypophosphatasia. The patient's renal disease was treated mainly with corticosteroids. There is no treatment for hypophosphatasia.
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PMID:Cranial manifestations of hypophosphatasia in childhood nephrotic syndrome. 643 Aug 33

Patients with the nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function have low levels of 25(OH)D in serum presumably due to the loss of this metabolite in the urine. Osteomalacia and hyperparathyroidism have been recently reported to occur as a consequence of those low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD). We studied six patients (aged 26-52 yr) with the nephrotic syndrome (mean duration, 6.7 yr; range, 2-12 yr) and normal renal function, and evaluated their calcium, phosphorus, PTH, and vitamin D metabolite levels. Bone biopsies were obtained in all patients. The creatinine clearance ranged from 83-134 ml/min . 1.73 m2 of body surface, serum albumin was 2.65 +/- 0.42 (+/- SD) g/100 ml, and proteinuria ranged from 3.5-13.2 g/24 h. All patients had normal serum magnesium, phosphorus, ionized calcium, and alkaline phosphatase (total and bone fraction), and normal roentgenographic metabolic bone survey. Serum PTH, measured by the carboxy-terminal RIA, was 5.1 +/- 2.3 mu leq/ml (normal, 2-10), serum 250HD was 8.8 +/- 4.0 ng/ml (normal, 15-30), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was 38 +/- 25 pg/ml (normal, 17-58). Serum vitamin D-binding protein was 420 +/- 42 micrograms/ml (normal, 400-800). The histological appearance of bone biopsies obtained in these patients was not different from that in a group of sex- and age-matched controls. Specifically, there was no increase in the volume of osteoid (unmineralized bone), the percentage of trabecular surface covered by osteoid, or the number of osteoclasts. The cellular rate of mineralization was normal in all six patients. Thus, these data indicate that low serum levels of 250HD in patients with the nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function do not necessarily result in the development of osteomalacia and/or hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Absence of metabolic bone disease in adult patients with the nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function. 682 51

The pathogenesis of INS is related to the disorder of cellular immunity. Using the in situ hybridization of biotin-labeled probe and streptavidin -alkaline phosphatase conjugate detection system, we quantitatively analysed by true colour medical image analysis system the expression of IL-1 beta, IL-1ra mRNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 4 cases of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. IL-1 beta IL-1ra mRNA expression of PBMC in INS were significantly lower than those of the normal control (107.63 +/- 20.80 vs 195.56 +/- 31.14; 144.45 +/- 11.42 vs 370.38 +/- 100.48, respectively, P < 0.05). The expression of IL-1 beta mRNA was significantly lower than the IL-1ra mRNA expression of PBMC in INS (107.63 +/- 20.80 vs 144.45 +/- 11.42, P < 0.05). There existed dysregulation of IL-1 beta, IL-1ra mRNA expression in INS. The advantages of biotin-labelled probe in situ hybridization were also discussed.
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PMID:[Interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist mRNA expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) detected by biotin-labelled probe in situ hybridization]. 778 Aug 21

To determine the diagnostic role of urinary trehalase in chronic glomerular disease, urinary trehalase activity and other urinary markers such as N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lysozyme and beta 2-microglobulin (BMG) were measured in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome and chronic renal failure. Urinary trehalase activity was significantly increased in chronic glomerular disease, especially nephrotic syndrome, as compared with that in the healthy subjects. The highest incidence of elevated excretion was observed for trehalase with 52% in chronic glomerular disease, followed by NAG. Urinary trehalase activities in the patients were significantly correlated with the urinary levels of protein, NAG and AAP and total score of tubular damage, but not correlated with urinary levels of BMG or lysozyme. In patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome, there was no significant difference in urinary trehalase activities between with and without hematuria. These results indicate that in some patients with chronic glomerular disease, there is tubular involvement as substantiated by elevation of the other urinary enzymes and BMG. Urinary trehalase is elevated more often in these types of disease than other markers of tubular damage.
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PMID:Urinary trehalase activity in chronic glomerulonephritis. 809 31

Lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood were examined in 34 patients with nephrotic syndrome [27 with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), 7 with significant lesions] and 10 normal children. The investigations were done at the onset of disease before administering corticosteroids (n = 34), during the subsequent remission (n = 27), and the first relapse (n = 12). The proportions of T cell subsets (CD3, CD4 and CD8) were determined by immuno-alkaline phosphatase staining; interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2 R) positive cells, natural killer (NK) cells and B cells were studied by indirect immunofluorescence. No significant differences were found in the proportion of CD3, CD4, CD8 and IL-2 R positive cells in patients with MCNS as compared to controls. An increased proportion of NK and B cells was not specific to MCNS and was detected even in those with significant renal lesions. Our findings suggest that T lymphocyte subsets in MCNS are similar to those in normal children.
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PMID:Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood. 897 20

The human nephrotic syndrome (NS) is accompanied by important alterations of mineral and bone metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to examine bone metabolism in rats with experimental NS and normal creatinine clearance, and to evaluate the reversibility of this alteration. NS was induced by three injections of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) on days 0, 21, and 35 (10, 5, and 5 mg/100 g body weight, respectively). The biochemical markers of bone formation (osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase) and bone resorption (hydroxyproline and pyridinoline), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD), determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), were studied on days 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 84, and 112. Proteinuria was present throughout the study. Hypoproteinemia was seen on days 7, 28, 42, and 56, returning to control values on days 84 and 112. In serum, osteocalcin (OC) concentration increased (p < 0.001), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased (p = 0.002). In urine, hydroxyproline increased (p < 0.001), but urinary pyridinoline was not different from the control group throughout the study. Increased serum parathyroid hormone concentration and decreased levels of 25-hydroxy and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were found from day 7. During the intense proteinuria, bone resorption predominates and decreased BMC and BMD ensues in PAN-nephrotic rats. PAN-nephrotic rats showed low BMC and BMD compared to control group (p < 0.001). At the end of the study, when proteinuria persisted but total serum protein returned to control values, the biochemical bone markers, BMC, and BMD returned to normal. In conclusion, PAN-nephrotic rats had reversible bone alterations that were related to the magnitude of proteinuria and the concentration of total serum protein.
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PMID:Biochemical bone markers, bone mineral content, and bone mineral density in rats with experimental nephrotic syndrome. 915 58

We retrospectively investigated the feasibility and the toxicity of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in 21 cases of systemic amyloidosis (AL). The conditioning regimens consisted of high-dose melphalan (HDM) alone (n = 18) or in combination with 12 Gy total body irradiation (n = 3). Toxic death rate was high: 9/21 patients (43%) died within the first month following ASCT, and 10/12 surviving patients achieved a response. With a median follow-up of 14 months, the OS and the EFS rates at 4 years were 57.1% (+/-10.8) and 29.9% (+/-14.5) respectively for the whole group. The major prognostic factor for both response and survival was the number of clinical manifestations at the time of ASCT, of the following five criteria, i.e. creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min, nephrotic syndrome with urinary protein excretion > 3000 mg/24 h, congestive heart failure, neuropathy, or hepatomegaly associated with alkaline phosphatase level > 200 IU/l. For patients presenting with two or more clinical manifestations the 4-year OS and EFS were both 11.1% compared with 91.7% and 46.3% respectively in patients with fewer than two clinical manifestations at the time of ACST. We conclude that ASCT is feasible in AL in a subset of patients with fewer than two clinical manifestations at the time of ASCT. Given the severe extra-haematological toxicity, ASCT should not be considered in other cases.
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PMID:Prognostic factors for survival and response after high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in systemic AL amyloidosis: a report on 21 patients. 967 53

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of prednisone therapy on selected parameters of bone metabolism [carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), carboxyterminal pyridinoline crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), parathormone (PTH), and calciuria (Cau) in children with nephrotic syndrome. Twenty patients (aged 4-15 years, mean: 9.2 years) were treated with prednisone. Blood and urine samples were taken: T0--before prednisone treatment; T1--after two weeks of treatment with prednisone 1-2 mg/kg/24 h; T2--after two weeks of treatment with prednisone 1-2 mg/kg/48 h; T3--after 3 months of treatment with prednisone; T6--in 6th month of treatment with prednisone, at dose 0.2-0.4 mg/kg/48 h. Mean values of PICP, ICTP, AP concentration, and PICP/ICTP ratio found in the T1 period were significantly lower, and mean Cau value was higher in comparison to means of these parameters observed before steroid treatment. After two weeks of prednisone administered every 48 hours mean values of PICP, ICTP concentrations and PICP/ICTP ratio were significantly higher than in the T1 period of treatment. There were no significant differences in mean concentrations of PTH before and during everyday doses of prednisone therapy. Mean value of PTH concentration decreased significantly during T2 in comparison with T1 period of prednisone treatment. Our data demonstrate that short-term treatment with high daily doses of prednisone in children with nephrotic syndrome is associated with increase of calciuria and suppression of serum markers of type I collagen's turnover. Changes of PICP, ICTP, and PICP/ICTP ratio depend on a method of steroid administration. Decreased PICP/ICTP ratio during daily steroid treatment may indicate stronger inhibition of bone formation than bone resorption, but significance of PICP/ICTP ratio in later phases of treatment needs further studies. Present study suggests that prednisone influences bone metabolism directly rather than by stimulating the parathyroids.
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PMID:[The influence of corticosteroid therapy on selected parameters of bone metabolism in children with nephrotic syndrome]. 1010 41


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