Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of fatal viscerotropic Rocky Mountain spotted fever with virtual absence of cutaneous lesions was diagnosed at autopsy by specific immunofluorescent demonstration of Rickettsia rickettsii in spleen, kidney, epididymis and skin. The clinical presentation was that of insidious onset of fever, renal failure, hypotension, hyponatremia and obtundation over a 10 day period. The patient had respiratory insufficiency, hypocalcemia, increases in creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, billirubin and serum phosphate, grand mal seizure, myalgia and unremitting shock with death occurring on day 12 of illness. Postmortem examination revealed severe vasculitis with interstitial nephritis and multifocal tubular necrosis, pericholangitis with bile stasis, glial nodules in the brain, multifocal rhabdomyonecrosis, interstitial pneumonitis and mild interstitial myocarditis. Risk factors which this patient shared with other patients with fatal Rocky Mountain spotted fever were failure to recognize a rash, failure to obtain a tick bite history, male sex, black race and age greater than 30 years.
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PMID:Fatal viscerotropic Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Report of a case diagnosed by immunofluorescence. 34 5

Acute renal failure was diagnosed by clinical, necropsy and histological criteria in 39 flocks (20 low ground, 13 hill and six marginal upland) in areas served by six veterinary investigation centres. Forty-eight lambs of 12 different breeds or crosses were investigated. The mean age of affected lambs was 38 days (range seven to 84 days); 21 lambs (44 per cent) were aged seven to 28 days, while only eight (17 per cent) were older than two months. Mortality in clinically affected lambs was almost 100 per cent, with no response to various treatments. Histological examination showed that 40 lambs (83 per cent) had nephrosis, while the rest had toxic tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis or tubular damage associated with oxalate crystal deposits. Only about half of the lambs had any evidence of enteric infections or enteropathy. Acutely ill lambs had azotaemia, haemoconcentration and proteinuria; some lambs had glycosuria or haematuria. Samples of plasma from 22 lambs with nephrosis were compared with similar samples from 82 incontact but asymptomatic lambs. The clinically affected group had significantly elevated plasma urea, creatinine, total protein, globulin, phosphorus and chloride concentrations and significantly reduced plasma calcium concentrations compared with healthy lambs. Affected lambs had a significant reduction also in the calcium:phosphorus ratio. No significant differences between groups was found in plasma concentrations of albumin, glucose, lactate, glycerol, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, potassium or magnesium.
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PMID:Acute nephropathy in young lambs. 291 11

The medical records of 14 hyperthyroid cats with thyroid carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively regarding historical, physical, laboratory, and thyroid scintiscan findings, treatment, and treatment outcome. Breed predilection was not detected, and older castrated male cats were most commonly affected. The most common clinical signs detected by owners were weight loss, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, hyperactivity, and anorexia. Physical examination findings included tachycardia, palpable cervical mass, hyperactivity, cardiac murmur, and abnormal coat. Common abnormal laboratory findings were high serum thyroxine and triiodo-thyronine concentrations and high serum alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate transaminase activities. Azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperglycemia were noticed less frequently. The most common thyroid scintiscan findings were multiple nodular areas of high radionuclide uptake in the cervical region, thoracic inlet, and cranial mediastinum. The most common morphologic diagnosis was mixed compact and follicular carcinoma, with follicular and papillary carcinomas being less common. Most cats responded well to treatment of the thyroid tumor, with rapid resolution of the historical and physical examination findings. The most common necropsy findings were local tumor invasion, regional lymph node metastases, cardiomyopathy, and interstitial nephritis.
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PMID:Thyroid carcinoma causing hyperthyroidism in cats: 14 cases (1981-1986). 318 90

Fifteen mature meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were assigned to each of four diets: 1) basal; 2) basal + .001% pilocarpine (PLCN); 3) basal + .01% PLCN; 4) basal + .10% PLCN in a completely randomized design to measure the effect of PLCN on liver, kidney and parotid gland histopathology and feed intake. Meadow voles were fed each treatment for 14 d prior to euthanasia. Serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamic pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels were unaffected by dietary PLCN. Liver fresh weight tended to decrease with PLCN treatment, but kidney weight was not consistently affected. Parotid gland fresh weight decreased by 31% as the dietary level of PLCN increased from 0 to .10%. One of 15 voles on the control treatment died. Twelve of the remaining 14 voles showed no histopathological changes in the organs studied, but one showed segmental cystic dilation of some convoluted tubules and one showed chronic cortical interstitial nephritis. One vole of the 15 on the .001% PLCN treatment died. Eleven of the 14 remaining voles showed no histopathological changes in the organs studied, while two voles showed segmental cystic dilation of some convoluted tubules and one showed slight hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes. There was no mortality among voles fed .01% PLCN. Nine of the 15 voles showed no histopathological changes in the organs, while four showed slight hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes and one showed segmental cystic dilation of some convoluted tubules. Three of 15 voles died while fed .10% PLCN. The remaining 12 voles showed no histopathological changes in the above-mentioned organs, although three voles showed slight hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes.
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PMID:Effect of orally administered pilocarpine on serum enzymes, organ weights and histopathology in meadow voles. 331 36

Ca metabolism was compared in two groups of patients with chronic interstitial nephritis: in 21 patients (analgesic abuse nephropathy (AAN) group), nephropathy was due to exposure for 5-50 years (mean 21.1) to phenacetin-containing analgesics, whereas in 21 other patients (controls) it was due to exposure for 1-80 years (mean 21.4; NS) to other causes. Patients were followed for 2.5 +/- 0.6 and 1.6 +/- 0.6 years, respectively (mean +/- SEM; NS). Blood Ca, P, protein, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) as well as arterial acid-base status and urinary excretion rate of Ca, P and creatinine were determined serially. Results were included only when P was maintained between 0.7 and 1.9 mmol/l. The range of creatinine levels studied was 95-1,600 mumol/l. No differences were found between the two groups with respect to creatinine clearance, blood P, protein, arterial pH and bicarbonate, and urinary excretion rates of Ca and P. Mean plasma Ca was significantly lower, and PTH was significantly higher in the AAN group than in the control group; mean plasma alkaline phosphatase activity was also significantly higher in the AAN group. In both groups Ca was negatively correlated with creatinine, but the slope of the regression line was steeper in the AAN group than in controls. The degree of hypocalcemia was related to the increase in plasma PTH and alkaline phosphatase, but not to the plasma level of 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH)2D.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Evidence for a particularly severe secondary hyperparathyroidism in analgesic abuse nephropathy. 406 3

Calcium (Ca) metabolism was compared in 2 groups of patients with chronic interstitial nephritis: in 21 patients (AAN-group) nephropathy was due to exposure for 5 to 50 years (mean 21.1) to phenacetin containing analgesics, whereas in 21 other patients (controls) it was due to exposure for 1 to 80 years (mean 21.4) (NS) to other causes. Patients were followed for 2.5 +/- 0.6 and 1.6 +/- 0.6 years respectively (mean +/- SEM) (NS). Blood Ca, P, protein, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), together with arterial acid-base status and urinary excretion rate of Ca, P and creatinine were measured serially. For each patient the results were averaged for 2 degrees of renal failure, i.e. for creatinine levels below and above 400 mumol/l (logarithmic mean). Results were included only when P was maintained between 0.7 and 1.9 mmol/l. The range of creatinine levels studied was 95 to 1600 mumol/l. No differences were found between the 2 groups with respect to creatinine clearance, blood, P, protein, arterial pH and urinary excretion rates of Ca and P. There was a trend for blood HCO3 to be lower in the AAN group. Mean plasma Ca was significantly lower, and PTH was significantly higher, in the AAN than in the control group at both degrees of renal failure; mean plasma alkaline phosphatase activity was also significantly higher in the AAN group, but at severe degrees of renal failure only. Significant correlations were observed between individual values of both Ca and PTH (r = -0.747) and PTH and alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.603). The degree of hypocalcemia and of hyperparathyroidism was not related to the plasma level of 25-OH-D. It is concluded that at comparable degrees and duration of renal failure patients with AAN, when compared with patients with interstitial nephritis of other origins, have lower blood Ca and consequently higher PTH levels and alkaline phosphatase activities, suggesting more severe osteodystrophy.
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PMID:[Particularly severe calcium metabolic disorder in nephropathy from analgesic abuse]. 717 76

Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase (IAP) has been localized to the S3 segment of the renal tubule in previous studies, a site believed to be particularly vulnerable to toxic and ischaemic damage. During a 17-month period a pilot study of the value of urinary enzyme measurements (IAP and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase--TNAP, using monoclonal antibody-based immunoassays, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase--NAG, using colorimetric assay) in 50 prospectively followed cases of acute renal failure (ARF) was performed. Urinary enzymes were measured at initial evaluation ('start'), and then each day for 14 days, with the highest enzyme value ('peak') also used for analysis. Patients were divided into prerenal (n = 16), renal (n = 28), postrenal (n = 6) categories according to standard criteria. Of the renal ARF patients 23 of 28 had acute tubular necrosis (ATN), 3 of 28 acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), and 2 of 28 acute glomerulonephritis (AGN); 18 of 50 had a fatal outcome and 1 of 50 was dialysis-dependent at discharge ('poor' prognosis group), while 31 of 50 survived hospital without becoming dialysis-dependent ('good' prognosis group). Median enzyme concentration were increased in 'poor' compared to 'good' prognosis patients: start IAP 3.2 versus 2.2 U/g creat (NS), start NAG 48.6 versus 13.7 (P < 0.01), start TNAP 3.5 versus 0.9 (P < 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Urinary enzymes in acute renal failure. 839 30

A probable outbreak of oak (Quercus calliprinos) toxicosis in a herd of beef cattle--heifers and first-calving cows--grazing in the Judean foothills of Israel is described. Toxicosis probably occurred because of the consumption of oak leaves and buds during a period of pasture scarcity without any feed supplementation. A progressive syndrome of wasting, dullness, anorexia, polyuria, nephrosis, constipation and recumbency, culminating in death, was seen. A high mortality rate of 83% (38/46 animals) was noted. The clinical-pathological findings revealed increases in blood urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and inorganic phosphorus. Decreases were found in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total serum protein, albumin (ALB), triglyceride (TG), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and chloride (CI). The main pathological findings were severe nephrosis, chronic interstitial nephritis, and occasional intestinal ulceration. On the basis of epidemiology, clinical signs, clinical-pathological and pathological findings and renal histology, a tentative diagnosis of oak toxicosis was made.
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PMID:Probable toxicosis in cattle in Israel caused by the oak Quercus calliprinos. 983 Jun 93

We present a diagnostically challenging case of hypercalcemia in a 50-year-old Japanese woman with chronic renal failure due to chronic interstitial nephritis. She had a history of a radical mastectomy for breast cancer at the age of 30. Despite her chronic renal failure, serum levels of calcium and alkaline phosphatase were abnormally high, and levels of intact parathyroid hormone and of parathyroid hormone-related protein were undetectable on repeated assays. Bone scintigram revealed multiple hot lesions in the ribs, which were suggestive of bone metastases of breast cancer. After treatment with tamoxifen citrate was initiated, her serum calcium levels returned to the normal range and hot lesions were no longer evident on bone scintigraphy in 14 months. Thus, our patient's hypercalcemia was considered to be related to bone metastases of breast cancer. Physicians should be aware of existence of malignancy in the patient with chronic renal failure and hypercalcemia.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia induced by metastatic bone cancer in a patient with chronic renal failure. 1107 12

An ameliorating effect of Ocimum sanctum on the toxic effect of meloxicam, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug was studied by evaluating haemato-biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, gross and histopathological changes in various organs of Wistar rats. A total of thirty-six male rats were divided in six experimental groups each comprising of six rats and numbered from G(1) to G(6). Meloxicam toxicity was induced by oral feeding of meloxicam at 1.2 mg/kg and 2.4 mg/kg body weight in G(2) and G(3) respectively for 28 days. Group G(4) and G(5) were fed with 1.2-mg/kg body weight and 2.4-mg/kg body weight of meloxicam along with 200 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum. Group G(1) serve as control while group G(6) was kept as treatment control and fed only aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum at 200 mg/kg body weight. Clinical finding showed mild diarrhea from 23(rd) day onwards in-group treated with 2.4-mg/kg body of meloxicam. Significant reduction of hemoglobin and packed cell volume (PCV) was observed in both the group treated with 1.2 mg/kg and 2.4-mg/kg body wt. of meloxicam. Ocimum sanctum could restore the hemoglobin and PCV value in-group treated with meloxicam at low dose level. Serum alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and total bilirubin were found elevated in meloxicam treated groups and indicated hepatotoxic activity of meloxicam. Ocimum sanctum could reduce hepatotoxic activity of meloxicam in group G4 receiving meloxicam at lower dose rate along with Ocimum sanctum failed to regulate creatinine level in meloxicam treated groups. In meloxicam toxicity elevated Lipid peroxidation values was noticed in liver and kidneys, while superoxide dismutase and glutathione did not revealed any change. Stomach and intestine revealed hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and ulcers. Perivascular necrosis with infiltration with inflammatory cells was evident in liver. Interstitial nephritis, myocardial necrosis and spongiform encephalopathy were important lesions. The Ocimum sanctum could only counteract the toxic effect of meloxicam in liver and gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Ameliorative effect of ocimum sanctum on meloxicam induced toxicity in wistar rats. 2197 18


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