Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using the modified model of Masugi's nephritis in rats, the antinephritic effects of sodium chondroitin sulfate (CS) and other drugs were evaluated by determining the biochemical parameters in urine, serum and renal cortex as well as light microscopic observation in kidneys by preventive and curative tests. In the preventive test where drug treatment was initiated at the same time as the injection of anti-kidney serum, CS (200 mg/kg p.o.) was effective in reducing serum triglyceride level, but was ineffective against other parameters. In the curative test where drug treatment was given from the 10th day after the induction of nephritis, CS (200 mg/kg p.o.) resulted in reductions of urinary excretions of protein and enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, the inhibition of urinary fibrinolytic activity and reduction in levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride. Moreover, histological examination indicated a significant reduction of the index of glomerular lesions by the treatment of this drug. Of other drugs, dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg p.o.) was effective in both tests, while warfarin potassium (0.05 or 0.1 mg/kg p.o.) exerted a beneficial effect only in the preventive test. From these results, the effectiveness of CS in the curative test is probably due to promotion of healing of damaged tissue in the kidneys.
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PMID:[Pharmacological studies on experimental nephritic rats (6). Antinephritic effects of sodium chondroitin sulfate and other drugs on modified type of Masugi's nephritis]. 16 45

Study of serum and urinary enzyme pattern in nephropathies revealed that before treatment, cases of both acute nephritis and nephrotic syndrome were found to have an increased activity of the three enzymes studied in both serum and urine (Alkaline and acid phosphatases and Lactic dehydrogenase). However, there was no constant correlation between the level of serum and urinary enzyme activities. Distorted pattern of the enzymes has a more protracted course in nephrotics. After treatment, serum and urinary enzymes tended to normalise in cases of acute glomerulonephritis. However, urinary alkaline phosphatase remained high nephrotics after clinical remission. In some cases of acute nephritis, a persistently high level of serum enzyme may indicate an incipient nephrotic element. Nephrotics not responding to the four weeks course of corticosteroid therapy have persistently high serum and urinary enzyme activities. Thus, estimation of serum and urinary enzyme pattern in nephropathies may be of diagnostic and prognostic value.
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PMID:Diagnostic and prognostic significance of serum and urinary enzymes in nephropathies among Egyptian children. 80 24

A study of liver abnormalities in 36 patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia in the absence of underlying infectious, connective tissue, or lymphoproliferative disorders revealed clinical or biochemical evidence of liver dysfunction in 84%. Hepatomegaly was detected in 77%, splenomegaly in 54%, and abnormalities in bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, or serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase in 77%. Only four of the patients had overt liver disease. Of 15 biopsies from 12 patients, there was normal tissue structure in two, minimal nonspecific changes in one, portal fibrosis in three, chronic persistent hepatitis in one, chronic active hepatitis in two, chronic active hepatitis with cirrhosis in four, and postnecrotic cirrhosis in two. These findings, together with the previously reported high incidence of serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, support the view that the syndrome of purpura, arthritis, and nephritis is often a consequence of immune-complex vasculitis secondary to HBV infection.
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PMID:Liver involvement in the syndrome of mixed cryoglobulinemia. 90 Jun 72

We used the technique of in situ hybridization to determine if cells expressing PDGF B-chain mRNA can be detected in a model of mesangial proliferative nephritis in the rat induced with antibody directed against the Thy 1 antigen present on the mesangial cell membrane. The method involved hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probe for the murine PDGF B-chain followed by detection with an anti-digoxigenin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate and subsequent colorimetric reaction. In normal rats (N = 4), the majority of glomeruli (74%) were negative for PDGF B-chain mRNA, whereas 65% of glomeruli from rats with mesangial proliferative nephritis (N = 4) had segmental or diffuse staining for PDGF B-chain mRNA in a mesangial pattern. The difference, as measured using a semiquantitative scale, was significant (mean scores 0.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.2; scale 0 to 3+; P less than 0.001). The increase in PDGF B-chain mRNA positive cells localized to areas of hypercellularity and was associated with a significant increase in cells positive for PDGF B-chain by immunostaining with a specific monoclonal antibody (0.8 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.4, scale 0 to 3+, normal vs. diseased rats, P less than 0.005). Complement depletion, which prevents the mesangial cell proliferation, also prevented the increase in cells expressing PDGF B-chain mRNA and protein. Thus, this method of in situ hybridization can successfully detect cells expressing PDGF mRNA in active glomerulonephritis, and may be useful for detecting cells expressing genes for other growth factors and cytokines in both human and experimental models of glomerular injury.
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PMID:Demonstration of PDGF B-chain mRNA in glomeruli in mesangial proliferative nephritis by in situ hybridization. 172 21

We have re-evaluated the isolation and characteristics of human urinary alkaline phosphatases (ALPs). From the results of physicochemical properties and immunological identification, the urinary ALPs from healthy subjects and patients with hepatoma were found to be similar in nature to liver and/or bone-like ALP. In patients with chronic or acute nephritis, the ALPs contained a major band of kidney-like ALP with a minor band of bone and intestinal ALPs. However, the ALPs in pregnant women had not only liver and bone ALPs but also placental-like ALP. It is interesting that only bone-like ALP was detected in psychiatric patients administered chlorpromazine. In the conditions we investigated, the molecular sizes of the urinary ALPs were similar as those of original ALPs, except for the enzyme from renal failure. Moreover, the total activity of urinary ALP was closely related to the level of serum ALP, being in a ratio of 1/40. In general, urinary ALP may be derived from serum ALP by minor modification, suggesting that the identification of excreted ALP in urine is a good marker for disturbed organs in respective diseases.
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PMID:Organ specific properties for human urinary alkaline phosphatases. 328 Jan 68

Hematological, biochemical, histoenzymological, and histopathological changes in serum and tissues were studied in chickens during outbreaks of nephritis. Hematological studies revealed normocytic-normochromic anemia characterized by increased total erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Albumin-to-globulin ratio and sodium levels in serum, glucose in blood, and alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase in liver and kidneys were decreased. Glutamate pyruvate transaminase, uric acid, non-protein-nitrogen, and potassium levels in serum were increased. No significant change in the calcium, phosphorus, and total protein levels in serum was observed. These changes were directly related to the severity of the nephritis.
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PMID:Clinicopathological, hematological, and biochemical studies in some outbreaks of nephritis in poultry. 407 33

The present study was made to investigate the antinephritic effect of mizoribine in comparison to that of azathioprine by using the nephrotic type of anti-rat glomerular basement membrane rabbit serum (anti-GBM serum)-induced nephritis in rats. The nephrotic type nephritis was induced in rats by two i.v. injections of anti-GBM serum at a 10 day interval. Both drugs were given orally, daily from the 2nd day following the first injection of anti-GBM serum to the 21st day. Mizoribine in doses of 5 and 7.5 mg/kg/day significantly inhibited urinary protein excretion by 30-40% on the 22nd day. Mizoribine at both doses showed an inhibitory tendency on urinary alkaline phosphatase (ALP) excretion on the 9th and 16th days. On the 22nd day, this drug at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg/day inhibited plasma cholesterol (CL) content by 59.6% and wet weight of kidneys by approx. 50%, but no significant difference was seen between the drug-treated and control groups. When renal tissues on the 22nd day were observed under light microscopy, mizoribine at both doses remarkably prevented glomerular changes such as mesangial proliferation and thickening of capillary walls and significantly inhibited the index of glomerular lesions (IGL) by over 60%. On the other hand, azathioprine at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day was as effective as mizoribine at 5 mg/kg/day in inhibiting urinary protein and ALP excretions, plasma CL content and kidney weight. However, azathioprine showed little effect on the IGL. From these results, mizoribine at the dose level of 1/4 to 1/3 of azathioprine showed a more potent effect than azathioprine in this model. Therefore, mizoribine is also expected to have a beneficial effect on nephrotic type nephritis in clinical fields.
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PMID:Studies on antinephritic effect of mizoribine (p-INN, Bredinin), a new immunosuppressive agent, and azathioprine (1) effect on the nephrotic type of anti-GBM nephritis in rats. 662 Jul 26

Using a modified model of Masugi's nephritis of rats, various enzymatic activities in urine, serum and renal tissue (glomeruli or cortex) were determined at appropriate intervals after the administration of anti-kidney serum and compared with the urinary protein content and the kidney weight. In the urine, alkaline phosphatase (Al-Phosase), acid phosphatase (Ac-Phosase) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NA-beta-Gase) activities remarkably increased after the induction of nephritis, reached their peaks on the 10th day and reverted to almost the normal levels on the 30th day. The patterns of time course of these enzymatic activities were similar to patterns seen in the urinary protein content and the kidney weight. In the serum, the Al-Phosase activity decreased slightly, while NA-beta-Gase activity increased slightly. The Ac-Phosase activity in serum remained at normal levels during the experimental periods. In the glomeruli, the bound activities of these three enzymes decreased with nephritis, showing a negative correlation with results in the urine. On the other hand, fibrinolytic activities in the urine (plasmin-like enzyme) and renal cortex (plasminogen activator) also paralleled the urinary protein content and the kidney weight in the course of the disease. These results suggest that the Al-Phosase, Ac-Phosase and NA-beta-Gase excreted into urine in cases of nephritis may be mostly derived from damaged renal cells and one part of Al-Phosase may also come from the plasma. Moreover, the increase of plasmin-like enzyme in urine is considered to be due to the increase of plasminogen activator in the renal cortex. Thus, the determination of these enzymatic activities in the urine should be useful for evaluating effects of drugs for the treatment of nephritis.
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PMID:Pharmacological studies on experimental nephritic rats (9). Changes in activities of urinary enzymes in the modified type of Masugi's nephritis and their sources. 720 60

Anti-rat glomerular basement membrane (GBM) rabbit serum was produced by immunizing rabbits with the supernatant substance of trypsin-digested rat GBM. Nephritis was induced in rats by a single intravenous administration of 0.25 ml of anti-serum and changes in pathohistological and biochemical parameters during the process of the disease were investigated in comparison with those of Masugi nephritis and the modified type of Masugi nephritis previously reported. In light microscopic studies, histological changes seen in the kidneys closely resembled those of typical human glomerulonephritis. Changes such as hypercellularity, adhesion between capillary wall and Bowman's capsule, crescent formation and hyalinization in glomeruli and interstitial infiltration were the most pronounced on the 30th day after the anti-serum injection. In immunofluorescent studies, a linear fixation of rabbit IgG was observed along the GBM from the 1st day and the staining of a certain intensity was preserved throughout the experimental periods. A linear staining with anti-rat IgG serum was recognized from the 10th day. The fixation of fibrinogen was also seen in not only the glomerular capillary walls, but also in Bowman's space after the 10th day. Proteinuria significantly increased from the 1st day, reached a peak of 12 times the control level, and thereafter gradually decreased. The patterns of progress of urinary alkaline phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities were much the same as those seen in cases of proteinuria and the levels at their peak times were about 10 and 3 times control levels, respectively. Plasma urea nitrogen level transiently increased on the 5th day and then reverted to the control level by the 30th day. Plasma cholesterol levels were significantly high from the 5th to the 20th days. It is concluded that glomerular damages in this model are more severe, so-called, "nephritic type" and continue for longer periods than in cases of Masugi nephritis, however, do not differ in degree and duration from findings in the modified type of Masugi nephritis.
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PMID:[Pharmacological studies on experimental nephritic rats (11). Changes in pathohistological and biochemical parameters in anti-rat GBM rabbit serum-induced nephritis (author's transl)]. 728 45

Complement component C3 was investigated in sera of a group of schistosomal patients free from obvious nephritis. C3 was studied in relation to S. mansoni egg count, presence of HBsAg, and liver functions. C3 level was low in schistosomal patients than normal individuals. Levels were low in both HBsAg --ve and HBsAG +ve schistosomal patients. No significant difference was found between HBsAg --ve and HBsAg +ve in one hand, and between patients with egg counts more than 400 and those with egg counts less than 400 eggs/1 gr as regards level of C3 on the other hand. Presence of ascites did not affect C3 concentration. Positive correlation was found with Serum albumin, but not with prothrombin concentration serum alkaline phosphatase or serum transaminases.
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PMID:Factors affecting C3 in intestinal schistosomiasis. 830 53


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