Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Zinc status in human subjects is assessed by measurement of zinc in plasma, erythrocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and hair. Available data indicate that zinc in neutrophils and the assay of activity of alkaline phosphatase in neutrophils may be the best tools for the diagnosis of zinc deficiency. Measurement of zinc in the plasma is simple and readily available in many laboratories. Plasma zinc is useful provided the plasma is unhemolyzed and conditions, such as infections, acute stress, myocardial infarction and intravascular hemolysis, are ruled out. Inasmuch as hair and erythrocytes turn over slowly, their zinc levels do not reflect recent changes with respect to zinc status. Other useful parameters for assessment of zinc status include metabolic balance studies, urinary zinc excretion. Cu:Zn ratio, zinc tolerance test, and measurement of activities of zinc-dependent enzymes in suitable biological samples.
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PMID:Laboratory diagnosis of zinc deficiency. 407 98

Recently it has been observed that the activity of certain enzymes in serum and urine may be increased after renal infarction. Although aortography or selective renal angiography should be the diagnostic corner-stone on which one would proceed to embolectomy, it is possible that enzyme assays may serve as laboratory aids to suggest or confirm the diagnosis. This paper reviews the few existing clinical and experimental studies and reports on two patients who had a total of three episodes of renal infarction. Serial determinations after one episode showed increased activity of serum oxaloacetic glutamic transaminase (SGOT) and of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase in the serum and urine; some elevated serum LDH and SGOT values were recorded after the other two infarctions. The time of onset and duration of these increases are discussed, and the possible difficulty in differentiating renal from myocardial infarction is illustrated.
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PMID:Serum and urinary enzyme activity after renal infarction. 584 35

A rapid radioassay was used to characterise the adenosine diphosphatase (ADPase) activities in human plasma. There was a major peak at pH 9.3, 80% of whose activity was attributable to non-specific alkaline phosphatase, with the remaining 20% probably due to a specific ADPase. There was also a small peak of ADPase activity at pH 4.0. Inhibitor and chromatographic studies showed that whilst much of this activity was attributable to non-specific acid phosphatase, there was a discrete acid ADPase. Assays of plasma ADPase activities in vascular disorders, including myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and diabetes mellitus, reveal no alterations from control values. Activities of alkaline ADPase were elevated in both chronic and acute liver failure. Acid ADPase was also increased in chronic liver disease and it is suggested that alterations in ADPase activities in liver disorders may contribute to the haemostatic problems observed in these patients.
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PMID:Assay, kinetics and properties of plasma adenosine diphosphatase. The relationship to acid and alkaline phosphatase and variations in disease. 628 1

Among 2175 patients seen over the last three years in a non-specialized department of internal medicine with no intensive care unit, 100 had supranormal serum lactic dehydrogenase activities. These patients' case-reports have been analyzed. Nearly half the patients (47/100) had a malignant disease (cancer or hemopathy). Among the remaining patients, 19 had a hepatic disorder (alcohol hepatitis in 10, viral hepatitis in 8, and isoniazide hepatitis in 1), 7 had a heart disease (heart failure with hepatomegaly in 5, myocardial infarction in 2), and 27 had various other conditions (including hemolysis in 6 and polymyositis en 3). The value of serum LDH assay is obvious in situations other than acute conditions such as myocardial infarction of pulmonary embolism; these are better known and have not been studied here as their prevalence was low among the patients enlisted in our study. In comparison to other enzymes (alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), transaminases (GOT, GPT) that were also routinely assayed in our patients, abnormal serum LDH activities are much less common and their significance is quite different. An increase in serum and their significance is quite different. An increase in serum LDH activity indicates a serious condition, often with a fatal outcome. The "various other conditions" group includes patients with hemolysis, hepatitis and myositis; the other patients in this group either had severe infectious diseases or died suddenly in the first few days of their hospitalization before diagnosis had been established. Each etiologic group has been analyzed to asses the characteristics of patients with increased LDH activity according to each etiology. Analysis of coincident abnormalities of the other enzymes listed above shows marked differences between etiologic groups; diagnostic accuracy can thus be enhanced in certain conditions. Most patients with malignancies had poorly differentiated tumors, with metastases: 28 had an epithelial tumor, with hepatic and/or bone metastases in 23 cases, 5 had cancer of the liver, 10 had a malignant hemopathy (2 lymphomas, 5 myeloproliferative syndromes, 3 acute leukemias), and 4 had a sarcoma. Cancer of the lung is the most common malignancy (10 cases) and may be responsible for increased serum LDH activity even in patients without metastases. Serum LDH assay is of value for monitoring the course in patients with initially increased activities as it falls under effective therapy and rises during exacerbations.
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PMID:[Value and diagnostic significance of serum lactic dehydrogenase in internal medicine (author's transl)]. 628 24

The microcirculatory bed of the neurosecretory nuclei was studied post-mortally in three groups of patients with various levels of the functional activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary neurosecretory system (HPNS), namely basal, high and lowered. Sudden death from a heart attack was associated with signs of inhibition in the HPNS cells, edema manifestations in the HPNS zone, by a considerable increase in the number of functionally inactive capillaries, narrowing of their lumina and a decrease in their transport capacities determined by the level of alkaline phosphatase activity in their wall. These changes correlated with an elevation of the number of dark cells in the neurosecretory nuclei which suggests the existence of the functional connection between them.
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PMID:[Features of microcirculation in the neurosecretory nuclei of the human hypothalamus in sudden cardiac death]. 646 89

We reviewed the records of 44 dialysis patients who had undergone one or more coronary angiograms to determine the frequency with which symptomatic ischemic heart disease (IHD) and significant coronary artery narrowing coincided and to determine those factors which were associated with the coronary atherosclerotic process. Thirty-four patients were catheterized for angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. Of this group, 53% were found to have significant narrowing of coronary arteries. This group was older than the group with trivial or no coronary artery occlusion and their duration of dialysis was shorter. All the patients with significant coronary occlusion were white and the majority were adult males. Discriminant function analysis revealed that the presence of significant coronary artery occlusion could be predicted with high sensitivity and specificity by the following variables: older age, white race, male sex, the presence of symptomatic IHD prior to the onset of dialysis, increased total serum cholesterol, abnormal left ventricular wall motion, and reduced alkaline phosphatase. We also found that the occurrence of symptomatic IHD far exceeded the presence of significant atherosclerotic coronary artery narrowing. We suggest that this may result from several dialysis-associated alterations in oxygen delivery and myocardial oxygen consumption.
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PMID:Dialysis-associated ischemic heart disease: insights from coronary angiography. 648 69

The marked conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in a 72-year-old patient with myocardial infarction and sepsis is reported. The serum bilirubin, which was predominantly composed of conjugated bilirubin, was elevated to 21 mg/100 ml, while serum bile acid and alkaline phosphatase levels were normal or slightly elevated. Postmortem examination of the liver revealed slightly proliferated bile ductules and some bile thrombi with little liver cell necrosis.
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PMID:Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in an autopsy case with myocardial infarction and sepsis. 649 90

Quantitation of leucocyte alkaline phosphatase activity has been found to be a useful index in the diagnosis and the monitoring of activity in a variety of disease states. Low levels are found in some haematological disease conditions, but elevated values are found in acute stress states, in pyogenic infections, myocardial infarction, trauma, diabetes mellitus etc. Studies on the pattern of activity in solid neoplasms are scanty and the published results are often contradictory. Observations made on nine different groups of solid neoplasms suggest that certain malignant tumours are associated with elevated LAP activity levels. These high levels fail to return to normal values following treatment even when there are no clinical signs of residual tumour or of recurrence. The results suggest that while LAP quantitation has a useful role in the detection of certain malignant neoplasms, it is not a sensitive tool for monitoring tumour reactivity of quiescence.
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PMID:Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase activity in solid malignant tumours. 783 18

An immunosensor was developed that allows the rapid estimation of fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) in neat plasma samples. FABP is released into the blood following myocardial infarction and elevated levels are found already 3 h after onset of symptoms. The sensor is based on screen-printed graphite working and Ag/AgCl reference electrodes and an immunosandwich procedure for the quantification of FABP. The capture antibodies are bound to the electrode surface by adsorption and will trap FABP from the plasma sample. The sandwich is then completed by a second monoclonal antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. The enzyme converts p-aminophenylphosphate to p-aminophenol, which is detected amperometrically at +350 mV. The high binding capacity and very short response time of the working electrode allow within 20 min the quantification of FABP in the measuring range 10-350 ng/ml, covering the pathological range of FABP release into the circulation. Measurements of plasma samples from a patient with acute myocardial infarction show an excellent correlation of the results obtained with the biosensor and those obtained with the respective reference ELISA. Owing to the long stability of the electrodes with immobilized capture antibody (> 3 months) a quick application without the need of labour-intensive electrode preparation is possible.
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PMID:An immunosensor based on disposable electrodes for rapid estimation of fatty acid-binding protein, an early marker of myocardial infarction. 945

In conclusion, our study showed that serum G.G.T rises in cholestasis, and the rise is significantly higher in extraphepatic cholestasis as compared to intrahepatic cholestasis. Serum G.G.T has not shown any superiority over alkaline phosphatase in the evaluation of cholestatic liver disease. However, two considerations must caution against the use of serum G.G.T. alone for evaluation of hepatobiliary disease. The first of these is the lack of specificity for hepatobiliary disease. Serum G.G.T. activity can be elevated in some non-hepatic disorders such as acute pancreatitis, congestive cardiac failure, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus and alcoholism. Determination of serum G.G.T. in these patients is of no value. Second, the possibility that changes in serum G.G.T. activity results from drug administration in man.
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PMID:"Significance of serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in cholestatic jaundice". 949 80


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