Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The levels of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and, when appropriate, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and 5'-nucleotidase (NTD) have been measured as a routine in 276 patients with malignant haematological diseases during a 26-month trial period. GGT levels add no prognostic information to the routine haematological surveillance of leukaemia. Polychemotherapy does not appear to be an inducer of liver drug-metabolising microsomal enzymes. Polycythaemia rubra vera, myelofibrosis and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia may cause little change in GGT, AP and NTD levels despite marked hepatomegaly. A raised GGT in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma is generally associated with active and widespread disease, but not necessarily a sign of malignant tissue in the liver. The elevations of GGT in myeloma may be secondary to liver infiltration though this group merits further detailed study.
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PMID:Evaluation of the usefulness of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels in the management of haematological neoplasia. 2 19

A newborn infant presented with hepatosplenomegaly, rash, anemia, and leukocytosis at one day of age and manifested characteristic myeloid metaplasia by one mouth of life. Vitamin B12 and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase were elevated and platelet aggregation was impaired. Myelofibrosis was not present and neutrophil function was preserved. An unidentified high isoelectric point hemoglobin with unusual chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviors was found to comprise 12% of the total hemoglobin. The myeloid metaplasia and mutant hemoglobin disappeared over the subsequent months without biochemical or clinical residual. The available evidence was consistent with the mutant hemoglobin representing either a gamma chain or clonal embryonic chain variant. The inability to clarify prognostic factors in these unusual myeloproliferative syndromes suggests caution in the initiation of cytotoxic therapy.
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PMID:Transient myeloid metaplasia associated with an unusual hemoglobin in a newborn infant. 9 73

The authors report two cases of multiple myeloma which were typical both clinically and in the laboratory but XRay examination, on the other hand, showed appearances of osteocondensation. In the first case, XRay showed both lesions of osteolysis in the cranial vault and homogeneous condensation of D11 and L1, together with the left iliac crest. In the other case, there was osteolysis of the acetabulum together with areas of osteocondensation distributed throughout the pelvis and upper ends of the femurs, with two areas of annular fibrosis circumscribing the area of osteolysis, finally, homogeneous condensation of the skull. In both cases, bone biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of multiple myeloma showing both osteofibrosis and plasma cell infiltration of the bone marrow. This also permitted the authors to note the absence of any myelofibrosis or metamorphic neo-osteogenesis. Illustrated by these two cases, condensing multiple myeloma is a rare entity, the special clinical characteristics of which reside in its fairly frequent coexistence with peripheral neuritis which is probably similar to a para-neoplastic syndrome. The radiological appearances are mainly of four types: 1) Focal areas of bony condensation. 2) Areas of annular fibrosis circumscribing osteolysis. 3) Appearances of radial spicules, or 4) Osteocondensation extending to a fairly large part of the skeleton. The laboratory signs are identical with those in other types of multiple myeloma with a few exceptions, such as, rareness of hypercalcemia, more frequent tendency to hypocalcemia, rise in alkaline phosphatase, in a few cases. Bone biopsy confirms the diagnosis. The osteofibrosis resulted here from thickening of the osteoid seams by laying down of successive layers of bony substance, irregularly calcified and, also secondarily, metamorphic neo-osteogenesis in a few rare cases which also included myelofibrosis.
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PMID:[Myeloma and osteocondensation (apropos of 2 cases)]. 16 41

Total serum alkaline phosphatase activity and its isoenzymes were studied in 126 patients sent to hospital with a neoplastic blood disease. They comprised 63 patients with a lymphoreticular neoplastic disease, 17 with immature stem-cell leukaemia, 11 with a plasmocytoma, 16 with lymphocytic leukaemia, 4 with polycythaemia and 9 with the myelofibrosis syndrome. Evaluation of the serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes significantly enhances the efficiency of the diagnosis and the organ specificity of the enzymes in these conditions. It is particularly important in the above states for studying liver and bone involvement, both from the aspect of the organic localization of the disease and from the aspect of evaluation of the success of therapy.
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PMID:The source and clinical significance of serum alkaline phosphatases in neoplastic blood diseases. 61 62

Although anemia has not been widely appreciated as a complication of primary hyperparathyroidism, 5.1% of the individuals with this disorder seen at the Massachusetts General Hospital since 1962 had a normochromic, normocytic anemia that could not be related to blood loss,a deficiency state, or uremia. The anemic group had more advanced bone disease and higher levels of serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone than the nonanemic group. Results of bone marrow biopsies performed in five patients showed variable degrees of myelofibrosis. However, none of the patients had hepatosplenomegaly, a myelophthisic peripheral blood smear, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia. Removal of the abnormal parathyroid glands led to improvement or correction of the anemia.
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PMID:Anemia in primary hyperparathyroidism. 85 57

Two distinct and characteristic cases of osteopetrosis are presented. The first concerns a fourth month old baby with the malignant form of the disease, initiated since the newborn period. He was admitted because of abnormal ocular movements and probably deafness. At the physical examination he showed bilateral optic atrophy, abnormal ocular movements, hepatosplenomegaly and petechia. The diagnosis was confirmed by clinical means and radiological studies of virtually all of his skeleton. Several fractures were found. Laboratory tests showed marked anemia, trombocytopenia "tear cells", evidence of medullary erythropoiesis and myelofibrosis. An increased alkaline phosphatase was detected in serum and in granulocytes. The second case corresponds to a 26 year-old female with the benign form of the disease. She had multiple pathological fractures specially of her lower limbs, that produced severe impotence in her gait. In this case, the diagnosis is suspected on clinical basis and confirmed with the characteristic radiological findings. Some of the more distinct features of the disease are discussed, specially those concerning the genetic mode of inheritance and consanguinity, the etiopathogenic, pathophysiology, clinical, laboratory, prognosis and treatment, with particular reference to the radiological and hematologic problems related with this metabolic disorder.
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PMID:[Osteopetrosis (report of 2 cases)]. 91 41

A morphometric analysis of bone marrow biopsy specimens from patients with myelofibrosis was made to determine the amount of lattice fiber and the number of megakaryocytes, to compare the degree of myelofibrosis in primary and secondary myelofibrosis, and to assess the relationship between the morphometric findings and other parameters. Eight patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) and six with chronic myelogenous leukemia associated with frank myelofibrosis (CML-MF) were studied. When the main clinical, hematological, and laboratory features of both groups of patients were compared, the only significant difference was in the neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score. Morphometric study showed that the amount of lattice fiber and the number of megakaryocytes in AMM were not statistically different from those in CML-MF, and that neither the number of megakaryocytes nor the platelet count correlated with the amount of lattice fiber.
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PMID:Morphometric analysis of myelofibrosis in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and chronic myelogenous leukemia. 168 56

We observed significantly reduced serum alpha 2-HS glycoprotein concentrations in patients with acute lymphocytic, acute nonlymphocytic, chronic granulocytic and chronic myelomonocytic leukemias, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, myelofibrosis, and multiple myeloma, but not in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and polycythemia vera, as compared with healthy controls. We followed the serum level of the protein for 18 months. Patients with infectious complications, those receiving cytostatic treatment, and those in the preterminal period had further reduced serum alpha 2-HS glycoprotein levels. The reduction of serum alpha 2-HS glycoprotein concentration was primarily due to decreased production caused by infiltration of the liver, a hepatotoxic effect of cytostatic treatment, and, to a lesser degree, to increased consumption. We found statistically significant negative correlations between serum alpha 2-HS glycoprotein concentration and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and IgG and IgM concentrations. The determination of the alpha 2-HS glycoprotein concentration is useful for the assessment and follow-up of the clinical status and therapy of patients with hematological malignancies and also has prognostic significance.
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PMID:Serum alpha 2-HS glycoprotein concentration in patients with hematological malignancies. A follow-up study. 195 51

A 22-year old male was admitted to Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital because of the progressing abdominal distension in May 1988. The physical examinations disclosed marked hepato-splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and cachexic state. In the laboratory examinations, anemia, leukocytosis with left shift of nuclei and severe inflammatory reactions were found. Bone marrow aspirations were dry taps, and the biopsy showed myelofibrotic changes. Abdominal computed tomography and ultrasonography revealed a marked hepatomegaly and a giant splenomegaly with subcapsular hematoma. Philadelphia chromosome was negative and neutrophilic alkaline phosphatase score was slightly high. A little amount of peritoneal effusions was obtained and yielded S. aureus. A diagnosis of myelofibrosis with subcapsular hematoma due to spontaneous rupture of spleen and peritonitis of unknown cause was made. Operative indication was considered, but his family did not agree with it. Then conservative therapies for general conditions, those are, administrations of antibiotics and diuretics, and blood transfusions were taken. On the enlarged spleen, total irradiation was done. After the therapies, his spleen got smaller and hematoma was going to be absorbed. A rare case of myelofibrosis with splenic hematoma is reported and the conservative therapies were effective to this case.
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PMID:[Myelofibrosis with marked subcapsular bleeding of the spleen--a case report]. 239 15

Recently, the association of granulocytic fragments on blood smear with leukoerythroblastosis in sepsis has been identified in nine patients. Granulocytic fragments were identified by both light and electron microscopy as well as cytochemistry. Leukoerythroblastosis is a poorly defined, uncommon syndrome with leukocytosis, left shift, and nucleated red blood cells (nRBCs) disproportionate to the degree of anemia, which may be associated with leukemia or neoplasia in the bone marrow, acute infection, hemolysis, myelofibrosis, or miscellaneous causes. Here a subgroup with high white blood cells (WBC) and acute infection was studied. The corrected WBC for nine patients was 40 x 10(9) per L with 33 nRBC per 100 WBC; serum C3 and C4 levels before and after the development of leukoerythroblastosis were 0.6 +/- 2 g per L; 0.18 +/- 0.04 g per L pre-leukoerythroblastosis and 0.7 +/- 0.46 g per L; 0.30 +/- 0.27 g per L post-leukoerythroblastosis, respectively, in four patients. The platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial prothrombin time (aPTT) were 133 x 10(9) per L, 24.4 sec., and 53.5 sec., respectively, for nine patients. Multiphasic chemistries at the time of leukoerythroblastosis were measured in five patients; abnormal values included calcium of 2.0 +/- 0.4 mmol per L, creatinine of 336 +/- 130 mumol per L, total protein of 45 +/- 17 g per L, albumin of 27 +/- 11 g per L, total bilirubin of 421 +/- 362 mumol per L, uric acid of 499 +/- 264 mumol per L, triglycerides of 4.9 +/- 3.7 mmol per L, and alkaline phosphatase of 3.5 +/- 1.0 mu kat per L.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Biochemical values, complement levels, and hemostatic data in septic leukoerythroblastosis. 260 78


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