Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reported here is a 38-year-old woman who had a gastric cancer accompanied with liver metastasis. Abnormal serum levels of a carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, and an alkaline phosphatase isozyme were observed persistently after a gastrectomy. The properties of this alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme were identical to a hepatoma alkaline phosphatase type. Histologic findings of the stomach revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient died on the 180th postoperative day.
 ...
PMID:[Carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein and hepatoma alkaline phosphatase in gastric carcinoma]. 245 Feb 13

Fifty-eight patients with bone metastasis from gastric cancer, of whom 33 patients were resected cases and 25 were autopsies, were investigated. The incidence of bone metastasis of gastric cancer was 13.4% (33/246) among autopsies and was higher than that (1.5%, 33/2242) among resected cases. We attempted to clarify the factors related to bone metastasis by clinicopathological study. Bone metastasis had a tendency to occur in invasive cancer such as Borrmann types three or four. Histological examination revealed that 86% (50/58) of bone metastasis was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and that the stroma was scirrhous type in almost all cases. We measured serum alkaline phosphatase in patients with bone metastasis of recurrent gastric cancer, and found that the levels were relatively related to the condition of bone metastasis. However, the prognosis of patients with bone metastasis was not good and the mean survival time was about 5 months after the appearance of symptoms. In our department, we employ total body hyperthermia in such cases. This method has proved relatively effective for bone metastasis, as reflected by bone scintigram and changes in serum alkaline phosphatase values. As there is no reliable method of treatment for bone metastasis of gastric cancer, the present approach may be worth trying.
 ...
PMID:[Clinicopathological study of gastric cancer with bone metastasis]. 359 11

Two patients with intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, whose distribution was exclusively confined to the fundic gland area, are presented herein. The first, a 51-year-old male, had been treated for pernicious anemia for 14 years when he was found to have gastric cancer. His serum gastrin level was quite high, whereas his gastric acid output was markedly low. The polypoid cancer in the fornix of the stomach, which had been removed endoscopically, revealed tubular adenocarcinoma with its invasion limited to the mucosa. The resected stomach showed no residual carcinoma but had numerous minute foci of intestinal metaplasia, diffusely distributed but exclusively confined to the fundic gland area, by macroscopic observation using the leucine aminopeptidase-alkaline phosphatase double staining method. The intestinal metaplasias were all of the complete type, and the parietal and chief cells were almost completely lost. The second patient, a 76-year-old male without pernicious anemia, underwent total gastrectomy for two polypoid cancers in the body of the stomach. The resected specimens, in addition to two hyperplastic polyps in the transitional area, showed the same distribution of intestinal metaplasia as seen in the first patient.
 ...
PMID:Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach confined to the fundic gland area. Report of two cases. 368 36

A hybridoma monoclonal antibody against human pepsinogen I was used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for pepsinogen I in serum. In the two-step competitive procedure using antimouse immunoglobulin F(ab')2 fragment coupled to alkaline phosphatase, the measurable assay range was 8-256 micrograms/l. No cross-reactivity with rat pepsinogen 1, human pepsinogen II, gastrin I, bombesin, somatostatin and peptide YY was shown. However, there was slight cross-reactivity (0.09%) with porcine pepsinogen. The coefficients of variation within and between series were 7.6% and 13.0%. This enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum pepsinogen I correlated positively with radioimmunoassay (r = 0.87, n = 92). The concentration range of serum pepsinogen I in 354 healthy controls was 15-100 micrograms/l with a lognormal distribution. Serum pepsinogen I levels were significantly higher in the subjects who developed active duodenal ulcer or active gastric ulcer, but significantly lower in those who had gastric cancer, than in control subjects.
 ...
PMID:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum pepsinogen I. 380 50

A 35-year-old woman tuffering from gastric cancer associated with disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow is reported. Total gastrectomy combined with splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy was performed. The patient was treated with mitomycin C, FT-207, OK-432, and PSK. But serum ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) values showed gradual elevations followed by deterioration of the patient's general condition. Consequently, chemotherapy program consisting of 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin (intra-arterially), and cisplatin (intravenously) was initiated. Serum CEA and ALP values were considerably improved, and patient was restored to a better condition. She survived 17 months and died of disseminated intravascular coagulation.
 ...
PMID:[Effective postoperative chemotherapy of gastric cancer associated with disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow]. 393 24

Six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 9 patients with metastatic liver carcinoma (MLC) (4 with stomach cancer, 4 with pancreas cancer and 1 with colon cancer) were treated with rapid hepatic artery infusion of adriamycin. Partial response was obtained in 3 patients (44%) with HCC and 2 patients (22%) with MLC. The median survival time was 6 months in HCC patients and 8 months in MLC patients. Patients with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase or those with ascites were poorly prognostic. Myelosuppressive toxicity was seen frequently, but, no life-threatening complications occurred. Other toxicities were generally mild and well tolerated. These results indicated that hepatic artery infusion of adriamycin is a useful treatment modality in the management of both HCC and MLC.
 ...
PMID:[Intraarterial Adriamycin for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver carcinoma]. 609 63

The gastric- and intestinal-type properties of 15 human gastric cancers, which were transplanted into nude mice, were studied biochemically and histologically. Enzyme activities were determined in the crude extracts of cancer tissues: pepsinogen isozymes as gastric marker enzymes; and sucrase, aminopeptidase (microsomal), and alkaline phosphatase as intestinal marker enzymes. By hematoxylin and eosin staining and paradoxical concanavalin A staining, gastric cancer tissues were classified into gastric type (pyloric gland cell type and surface mucous cell type) and intestinal type (goblet cell type and intestinal absorptive cell type). On the basis of their properties, human gastric cancers were classified into four types: (a) intestinal type; (b) gastric type; (c) intestinal plus gastric type; and (d) unclassified type, showing no gastric- or intestinal-type properties. Of six well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, four were of intestinal type, one of gastric type, and one of intestinal plus gastric type. All of the intestinal-type carcinomas showed sucrase activity. Of the three signet ring cell carcinomas, one was classified as a gastric type, one as an intestinal plus gastric type, and one as an unclassified type. Of the six poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, five were of the intestinal type and one of the unclassified type. The present results clearly showed the appearance of intestinal-type properties in gastric cancer cells not only in so-called intestinal-type carcinomas, but also in diffuse-type carcinomas.
 ...
PMID:Gastric- and intestinal-type properties of human gastric cancers transplanted into nude mice. 669 75

Intestinal metaplasia is defined as the appearance of intestinal epithelium in the stomach. Intestinal metaplasia is frequently found in populations with a high incidence of gastric cancer. Macroscopic demonstration of sucrase and trehalase with Tes-tape in many resected stomachs yielded new information for understanding the nature of intestinal metaplasia. Intestinal metaplasia can be classified into two types, complete and incomplete. The former is associated with the presence of sucrase, trehalase, leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, goblet cells and Paneth cells, and the latter with that of sucrase, leucine aminopeptidase and goblet cells, but not trehalase or Paneth cells. Goblet cells in the complete type of intestinal metaplasia contain sialomucin, as does the small intestine, while those in the incomplete type contain sulphomucin and sialomucin, as does the large intestine. Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma is closely related to intestinal metaplasia, especially the incomplete type. Atypical epithelium of intestinal metaplasia has been proposed as a more proximate stage of gastric cancer. Intestinal metaplasia can be diagnosed by staining with dye under endoscopic observation. A reduced level of pepsinogen I in the blood reflects the presence of severe intestinal metaplasia, which is understood to be a sign of high risk of gastric cancer. Intestinal metaplasia is supposed to be produced by components of food. Mutagens/carcinogens such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-soguanidine and N-propyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine can produce intestinal metaplasia in the glandular stomach of rats and gastric cancers. The formation of intestinal metaplasia precedes the appearance of adenocarcinoma in the glandular stomach. Intestinal metaplasia, which is a kind of host reaction to environmental agents, may result either from genetic change - change in DNA structure - or from epigenetic change - change in the differentiation mechanism. Preventive measures could be developed to suppress the development of intestinal metaplasia and to suppress the process of conversion of metaplastic cells to cancer cells.
 ...
PMID:Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach as a precancerous stage. 675 88

In breast and stomach cancer the cell reactions in regional lymph nodes were studied by histochemical assaying of the T-dependent zone (acid phosphatase activity) and B-dependent zone (the activity of alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase, ATPs) and also by determining sinus histiocytosis. The metastases involved lymph nodes were characterized by a regular marked fall in the acid phosphatase activity i. e. by the decreased T-zone, which is responsible for cell immune response.
 ...
PMID:[Histochemical study of the immune response of the regional lymph nodes in breast and stomach cancer]. 696 74

Histochemically (including the determination of RNA, acid and alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and ATP-ase) the kinetics of the T-and B-cell region representation in regional lymph nodes has been studied in 54 gastric cancer patients. Four types of regional immune reactions were distinguished with regard to which the frequency of regional metastases and the survival rate in 30 patients were followed up. Metastatic involvement of the lymph nodes with morphohistochemical signs typical for the first type of immune response was found to occur in 2 of 14 cases, in 12 of 20 cases according to the second and in 4 of 16 cases according to the third one. If the group comprising 8 patients with activization of the regional immune protection according to the cell type showed an average survival of 8.7 months, in 22 patients with a predominance of the 2-4 types of regional immune reactions a shorter survival was noted, on average 5.1, 4.3 and 0.7 months correspondingly.
 ...
PMID:[Histochemical studies of the immunomorphological state of the regional lymph nodes in stomach cancer]. 696 99


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>