Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ligatin, a receptor that recognizes phosphorylated sugars, was isolated from plasma membranes of mouse macrophages, rat ileum, and rat brain. Several acidic hydrolases including N-acetyl beta-D-glucosaminidase (beta-NAG) were solubilized with this receptor. The solubilized beta-NAG bound to ligatin in vitro as demonstrated by affinity chromatography using the immobilized receptor. beta-N-Acetyl D-glucosaminidase-ligatin complexes were dissociated by low concentrations of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) and/or glucose 1-phosphate (Glc 1P). The effectiveness of these two phosphomonosaccharides varied depending on the source of the enzyme: ileal beta-NAG-ligatin complexes showed a four-fold preferential dissociation with Man6P; macrophage complexes showed a 160-fold preferential dissociation with Glc 1P. Brain complexes dissociated with nearly equal preference for Man6P and Glc 1P. Heterologous complexes displayed the specificity characteristic of the source of the enzyme regardless of the source of the ligatin. Treatment of the solubilized hydrolases with endoglucosaminidase H released phosphorous-32 label from these enzymes and prevented binding of beta-NAG to ligatin. However, treatment of the solubilized hydrolases with alkaline phosphatase reduced the binding of beta-NAG to ligatin by no more than 30%. This apparent resistance of beta-NAG to dephosphorylation was consistent with the chromatographic behavior of QAE of 3H-labeled acidic oligosaccharides isolated from the solubilized hydrolases. The oligosaccharides that contain phosphorylated hexose were less acidic than phosphomonoesters and were insensitive to alkaline phosphatase until subjected to acid hydrolysis. These results suggested the presence of a phosphodiester on beta-NAG analogous to the NAC glucosamine 1 P6 mannose present on beta-glucuronidase isolated from mouse lymphoma cells (Tabas I, Kornfield, S: J Biol Chem 255: 6633, 1980).
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PMID:Ligatin binds phosphohexose residues on acidic hydrolases. 729 41

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for the fourteen major cellular purine ribonucleotides and 2'-deoxyribonucleotides is presented. Following an initial separation by anion-exchange HPLC, the nucleotides are hydrolyzed to their respective nucleosides by alkaline phosphatase and quantified by reversed-phase HPLC and UV absorbance detection. The assay is reproducible, specific, and has a detection limit of 10 pmol/sample. The recovery of nucleosides derived from nucleotides is 85%. Purine nucleotide pool sizes have been measured in cultured mouse T lymphoma (S-49) cells before and after treatment with 2.0 microM mycophenolic acid, an inhibitor of the enzyme IMP dehydrogenase, for 3 h. Control nucleotide levels obtained by this method are consistent with those reported for S-49 cells using other methods, and the observed decrease in guanine nucleotides and increase in IMP after treatment with mycophenolic acid agree with previous reports.
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PMID:Analysis of purine ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides in cell extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography. 744 Jun 80

Phosphorylation is a mechanism by which cells regulate structure and function of proteins. We have previously demonstrated in vivo synthesis and secretion of phosphorylated bovine prolactin (bPRL) from the pituitary, and have isolated and partially characterized the phosphorylated bPRL. In order to investigate the structure/function role of phosphorylation on the biological activity of bPRL, we compared the activities of nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated bPRL isolated from pituitaries, with bPRL provided by the NIDDK (NIDDK-bPRL) to stimulate Nb2 cell proliferation. Nonphosphorylated bPRL has activity similar to, although slightly lower than that of NIDDK bPRL (ED50 = 7.03 pM and 22.8 pM, respectively). The activity of phosphorylated bPRL is significantly reduced (ED50 = 1066 pM). Using Nb2 lymphoma cell homogenate, NIDDK and nonphosphorylated bPRLs are equally effective in competitive receptor binding assays (Kd = 0.252 and 0.269 nM, respectively). Phosphorylated bPRL does not compete for the PRL receptor at concentrations up to 65 nM. Following enzymatic removal of the phosphate group using alkaline phosphatase, there is an increase in the biological activity of phosphorylated bPRL (ED50 = 73.3 pM) while the activity of nonphosphorylated BPRL remained unchanged following enzyme treatment (21.4 pM). We conclude that (1) structural changes induced by phosphorylation of bPRL are responsible for loss of bioactivity, (2) dephosphorylation of phosphorylated bPRL restores biological activity, and (3) the reduction in biological activity of phosphorylated bPRL is mediated by a decrease in receptor binding.
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PMID:Biological activity of phosphorylated and dephosphorylated bovine prolactin. 748 26

To clarify the patho-physiologic role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), we determined the serum levels of G-CSF in various stages of CML using a very sensitive method: chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA). This method makes it possible to estimate very low levels of serum G-CSF. In the present study, serum samples from 25 patients in chronic phase and 16 in blastic crisis, as well as samples from 33 healthy volunteers were investigated. The serum G-CSF levels in chronic phase of CML (2.95 +/- 3.91 pg/ml) were significantly lower than those in normal controls (15.92 +/- 6.53 pg/ml) and in blastic crisis of CML (15.52 +/- 17.65 pg/ml) within a range of very low levels (p < 0.001, p < 0.02). Moreover, a reverse correlation between blood neutrophil counts and serum G-CSF levels were clearly demonstrated for CML including blastic crisis (r = 0.405, p < 0.02). Interestingly, a sequential parallel relation was observed between serum G-CSF levels and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) scores for a patient with CML in chronic phase. Our observations indicate that a negative feedback mechanism exists between peripheral neutrophils and serum G-CSF levels in the chronic phase of CML, and that very low levels of G-CSF in chronic phase of CML might be an important cause for the low NAP scores.
Leuk Lymphoma 1993 Nov
PMID:Levels of serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. 751 Jan 91

K46J B lymphomas express a T cell costimulatory activity that is not inhibited by CTLA-4Ig, anti-B7-1, anti-B7-2, anti-intercellular adhesion molecule 1 or antibodies to heat stable antigen. In this paper we report that this costimulatory activity is mediated at least in part by 4-1BB ligand, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene family that binds to 4-1BB, a T cell activation antigen with homology to the TNF/nerve growth factor receptor family. A fusion protein between 4-1BB and alkaline phosphatase (4-1BB-AP) blocks T cell activation by K46J lymphomas in both an antigen-specific system and with polyclonally (anti-CD3) activated T cells. 4-1BB-AP also blocks antigen presentation by normal spleen cells. When the antigen-presenting cells express B7 molecules as well as 4-1BB ligand, we find that B7 molecules and 4-1BB-AP both contribute to T cell activation. These data suggest that 4-1BB ligand plays an important role in costimulation of IL-2 production and proliferation by T cells. The B lymphoma M12 expresses low levels of 4-1BB-L but can be induced to express higher levels by treatment of the B cells with cAMP, which also induces B7-1 and B7-2 in these cells. Thus cAMP appears to coordinately induce several costimulatory molecules on B cells.
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PMID:Role of 4-1BB ligand in costimulation of T lymphocyte growth and its upregulation on M12 B lymphomas by cAMP. 753 86

In this study the leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) score in 106 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in various phases of the disease (66 at diagnosis, 18 in plateau phase, 22 in relapse) was examined and compared with the score of 68 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and 53 normal volunteers. In addition, the circulating levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) were measured to explore the possible involvement of this cytokine in the pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to increased LAP activity. The results showed that the mean LAP score in patients with MGUS was comparable to normals and significantly lower than in MM (p < 0.001). Also, it increased with increasing tumor mass, and was lower in myelomas with stable disease than in those with active disease. G-CSF concentrations closely mirrored the behaviour of LAP score (r = 0.850, p < 0.001), significantly differing between each group of individuals. Its mean levels in MGUS were comparable to those of controls, whereas they were significantly increased in MM (p < 0.001), again with escalating values from cases with low tumor mass to advanced stages, and with lower concentrations in patients in plateau phase than in those in relapse. A significant correlation was found between G-CSF and neopterin levels (r = 0.578, p < 0.001), thus indicating an origin of the cytokine from monocytes and macrophages. These findings suggest that LAP scoring may assist in distinguishing benign from malignant paraproteinemias and may be used to follow the progression of plasma cell neoplasias.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Leuk Lymphoma 1995 May
PMID:Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score in plasma cell dyscrasias: correlation with disease severity and circulating levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. 754 41

We investigated the phenotypes of blast cells of 53 patients with acute leukemia by a modified streptavidin-biotin alkaline phosphatase (SAB-AP) labeling technique, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies [MoAb; anti-CD11b, CD13, CD14, CD33, CD34, CD41, CD3, CD7, CD10, CD19, anti-HLA-DR, and anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO)]. The selection of an optimal fixative solution for each antigen from five options of various combinations of formalin, acetone, methanol, and/or ethanol, successfully conserved cell morphology and improved specific reaction compared with the conventional methods which used a single fixative for multiple antigens. We compared the SAB-AP results with those obtained by flow cytometry (FCM) for surface markers in each case. High concordance rates for both positive and negative results were observed for each marker. However, positive reaction for some markers (anti-CD13, CD14, CD33, and CD34) were often noted only in the cytoplasm by the SAB-AP method, indicating that combination of these two methods is essential for the precise immunophenotyping of poorly differentiated leukemia cells.
Leuk Lymphoma 1995 Jan
PMID:Usefulness of immunocytochemistry for phenotypical analysis of acute leukemia; improved fixation procedure and comparative study with flow cytometry. 771 39

Needle aspiration cytology of an undiagnosed retroperitoneal mass was performed on a 37-year-old male. The cytologic findings were highly consistent with a seminoma. In the differential diagnosis the possibility of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanocarcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma was considered. The cytologic features in the aspirate included uniform, single to loose groups of malignant cells with round nuclei and prominent nucleoli and pale cytoplasm with occasional vacuoles. A variable number of lymphocytes were intermingled with the neoplastic cells. On immunostaining, the markers for lymphoma, melanoma and epithelial malignancy were negative, while alpha-1-antitrypsin was positive in malignant cells, and alkaline phosphatase activity was weakly positive in the cytoplasm. In view of the cytologic diagnosis, a clinical examination of the testes was undertaken and followed by an ultrasound examination, which demonstrated a well-demarcated tumor in the left testis. It was removed and diagnosed as a typical seminoma. This case is of interest since needle aspiration cytodiagnosis not only suggested the correct diagnosis in an otherwise-undiagnosed retroperitoneal mass but also led to a timely investigation and correct management.
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PMID:Undiagnosed retroperitoneal mass. Report of a case in which needle aspiration cytodiagnosis led to investigation and timely management. 776 40

A six-month-old, female German shepherd dog was presented because of depression, anorexia, vomiting, polyuria, and polydipsia of approximately 10 days' duration. The puppy was depressed, and pain could be elicited on palpation of both shoulders and hips. The most significant results of serum chemistries and hematology were hypercalcemia; increased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase; and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Thoracic radiographs revealed a large thymic mass, diagnosed on histological examination as a thymic lymphoma. Radiographs of the shoulders revealed destructive bone lesions involving the proximal metaphyses of the humeri, causing slipped epiphyses. Bone lesions were found at necropsy on the proximal and distal aspects of both humeri and femurs. Bone resorption was due to local neoplastic infiltration and presumed humoral factors secreted locally and systemically by neoplastic thymic lymphocytes.
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PMID:Multiple metaphyseal involvement of a thymic lymphoma associated with hypercalcemia in a puppy. 782 Jul 70

An immunohistochemical study of 15 ovarian formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded dysgerminomas showed positive staining of tumor cells for vimentin in all cases. Ten dysgerminomas stained for cytokeratin 18. Desmin positivity of single tumor cells was detected in four dysgerminomas. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was present in two tumors. Prominent human beta chorionic gonadotropin staining was seen in one tumor. S-100 protein was found in two and carcinoembryonic antigen in one of the dysgerminomas. Placental alkaline phosphatase was present in 12 of the 15 tumors studied. The heterogeneity of the cytoskeletal profile and of other markers showed some similarities to our previously published results on testicular seminomas. Thus, in contrast to previous concepts, dysgerminoma, as is the case with its testicular counterpart the seminoma, appears to be capable of further differentiation, albeit at a primitive level. Our observations also may help to elucidate the relationship between dysgerminoma and other nondysgerminomatous ovarian germ cell tumors, and may be of help in the differential diagnosis with poorly differentiated carcinoma, ovarian lymphoma, or other germ cell tumors.
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PMID:Differentiation potential of ovarian dysgerminoma: an immunohistochemical study of 15 cases. 782 17


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