Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

All adult cases of primary intestinal lymphoma seen during the years 1953--77 at Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa, were reviewed. Seventy percent of patients with solitary lymphoma and 80% with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease were mulatto. Patients in the latter group presented with malabsorption and those with a solitary lymphoma presented with intestinal obstruction. Four of 15 patients tested for the presence of alpha-heavy-chains were found to have alpha-heavy-chain disease. Family studies of potential genetic and immunologic factors showed some significant differences in IgA and IgG levels in the families of two patients with alpha-heavy-chain disease. Elevated alkaline phosphatase of intestinal origin was found in four of six patients with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease and in a high proportion of relatives. Fifty percent of the six patients were of blood group B. Minor blood groups, ABH secretor state and Pi phenotype distribution were similar to those of the control subjects. HLA gene frequency was particularly increased in the HLA-A9 antigen. These studies suggest that genetic factors may be relevant to the pathogenesis of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease.
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PMID:Primary intestinal lymphoma in South Africa. 10 20

104 patients with various cancer, excluding malignant lymphoma and leukemia, underwent bone marrow biopsy using a Jamshidi needle, regular type. In 100 patients an adequate pice of bone marrow was obtained. In 24 patients metastases were detected in the bone marrow. Metastases were found in 10 of 38 (26.3%) patients with breast cancer, in 5 of 17 (29.4%) patients with lung cancer, in 5 of 10 (50%) patients with cancer of the prostate, in 1 patient with rhabdomyosarcoma, 1 with chordoma and in 2 of 14 patients who underwent biopsy in search of unknown cancer. 71% of the patients with positive findings in the bone marrow had clinical signs of bone involvement, 80% had positive X-ray film and 78.9% had positive skeletal isotope survey. Hemogram, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium level and sedimentation rate were of no value in predicting whether the marrow was involved or not. No complications were documented following biopsy. The use of the Jamshidi bone marrow biopsy needle for staging and early detection of metastases in a select group cancer patients is suggested.
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PMID:Bone marrow biopsy in patients with malignant neoplasms other than lymphomas or leukemia. 11 9

The intravenous application of 89-strontium for the relief of pain in 43 patients with breast cancer, bronchogenic cancer, carcinoma of the prostate, hypernephroma and lymphoma with generalized bone metastases is reported. A remarkable clinical improvement was achieved in 33 (76.7%) patients. In four patients a transient analgesic effect was observed. In six cases no response could be achieved. The therapeutic effect usually was long-lasting. At the same time, an increase of alkaline phosphatase was observed, which was interpreted as an indication for the stimulation of osteoblasts and osteoid peripheral zones owing to beta-emission of the radioisotope in the affected areas. There was a significant correlation between the concentration of 85Sr in the bone scan and the therapeutic result of 89Sr-therapy. The indication for such therapy and possible late adverse effects of bone-seeking isotopes are discussed.
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PMID:[Endo-osseous isotope therapy of malignant skeletal disease (author's transl)]. 14 38

Studies on the maturational lineages of thymic lymphocytes have revealed several subclasses which are distinguishable on the basis of cell size, topographic distribution within the thymus, DNA synthetic and mitotic activity, migratory behavior, and other properties. Strain C57BL/Ka mice were inoculated with radiation leukemia virus at different concentrations, and tissues were removed at defined intervals. Sequential sections were analyzed for virus-specific cytoplasmic antigen expression, for morphological evidence of neoplastic transformation, and for alkaline phosphatase activity. The first detectable sign of MuLV infection was the focal appearance of cytoplasmic viral antigens in cells of the outer thymic cortex, followed by coalescence of such foci and, several weeks later, by the appearance of morphologically transformed and alkaline phosphatase-positive cells, again often focally distributed in the outer thymic cortex. These observations strongly suggest that the large, mitotically active cells of the outer thymic cortex are the principal source of target cells for both productive infection and subsequent lymphoma induction by the virus.
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PMID:Focal infection and transformation in situ of thymus cell subclasses by a thymotropic murine leukemia virus. 17 27

The cells of four thymus glands, two at 12 weeks, one at 16 weeks and one at 22 weeks gestational age, were examined cytochemically for enzymic activity and for surface markers. The reactions for chloroacetate esterase, peroxidase, and alkaline phosphatase were negative and the reaction for nonspecific esterase was only weakly positive in some of the cells. In contrast, nearly all thymocytes at the 12th gestational week showed strong focal acid phosphatase (acP) activity. The number of acP-stainable cells and the staining intensity declined progressively. A high percentage of thymocytes in early fetal life express a complement receptor (CR); the proportion of CR-bearing cells decreased while cells forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (possessing erythrocyte receptors: ER) correspondingly increased during fetal life. Using a mixed rosette assay, up to 30% of the thymocytes at 12 weeks gestation were found to bear CR and ER simultaneously. The number of CR- and ER-positive cells also declined progressively with fetal age. These findings show that CR-positive, ER-negative thymus cells mature into CR-negative, ER-positive thymocytes via a CR-positive and ER-positive intermediate cell, indicating that mature ER-positive thymocytes do not originate from another cell line lacking CR. The changes in surface markers during early T cell maturation is relevant to certain lymphomas whose cells also show strong focal acP activity and also express both CR and ER. These lymphoma cells may correspond to fetal thymocytes or T precursor cells present in small numbers after birth.
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PMID:Simultaneous presence of receptors for complement and sheep red blood cells on human fetal thymocytes. 19 21

A method is presented for the separation of 6-thiopurine bases and ribonucleosides, of sulphate anions and of common purine bases and oxidized purines by means of high-pressure liquid cation-exchange chromatography using a 0.18 X 100 cm column, filled with Beckman M71 resin, and eluted with 0.4M ammonium formate, pH 4.6, at a linear flow velocity of 5.2 cm/min at 50 degrees C. The method has been applied to the separation and quantitative determination of 14C-labeled 6-mercaptopurine metabolites in HClO4 extracts of L5178Y murine lymphoma cells. Distribution patterns of 14C radioactivity within the cells after a 24 h incubation period with (8-14C)-labeled 6-mercaptopurine have been established. The indentification of 6-mercaptopurine metabolites, such as 6-thioxanthosine ribonucleotide, 6-thioinosinic acid, 6-thioguanylic acid, 6-methylthioinosinic acid, and 6-thiouric acid, after the digestion of the extracts with alkaline phosphatase has been confirmed using the behaviour of each compound in enzymatic peak-shifting analyses with purine nucleoside phosphorylase and the corresponding elution volumes of 6-thiopurine bases and ribonucleosides as proofs. According to the specific radioactivity of the (8-14C)-labeled 6-mercaptopurine batch, the amounts of the various 6-mercaptopurine metabolites in about 6% of the total HClO4 extract of 1.6 . 10(8) labeled cells have quantitatively been determined as 1--130 pmol. The intracellular concentration of 6-thiopurines was determined at 1.4 . 10(-5)mol/1.
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PMID:The quantitative determination of metabolites of 6-mercaptopurine in biological materials. III. The determination of 14C-labeled 6-thiopurines in L5178Y cell extracts using high-pressure liquid cation-exchange chromatography. 41 11

A characteristic alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester hydrolase, alkaline pH optimum, EC 3.1.3.1) was detected in the sera of most patients with infectious mononucleosis, acute and chronic lymphatic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The enzyme was also present in the sera of nine out of 26 patients with cancer of the cervix. N-APase in these cases counted 30-100% of the total alkaline phosphatase activity. N-APase was absent from the sera of healthy individuals and of patients with acute and chronic granulocytic leukaemia, breast cancer, colon cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, systemic lupus erythematosis, hepatitis and obstructive jaundice. Only three of 22 patients with Hodgkin's disease showed n-apase activity in the serum. In infectious mononucleosis the presence of N-APase activity was well correlated with the clinical course. In 13 cases studied, the clinical improvement was associated with the decrease or disappearance of N-APase activity. N-APase activity could not be detected in white cells of acute myeloid leukaemic patients, nor in the cells of myeloid blastic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. It was present in the cells of lymphoid blastic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia.
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PMID:N-alkaline phosphatase: a potential disease marker for lymphoproliferative disorders. 43 2

6-Mercaptopurine (6MP) metabolism was quantitatively determined in L5178Y murine lymphoma. Cells grown in time-course incubates with [35S]-6MP were extracted with cold perchloric acid, and the buffered extracts were subjected to high-performance liquid cation-exchange chromatography prior to and after hydrolysis with alkaline phosphatase. Free sulfate, 6-thiouric acid, 6-thioxanthosine, 6-thioguanosine, 6-thioinosine, free 6MP, and 6-methylthioinosine were separated from each other; identified in the radiochromatograms by elution volume, UV spectroscopic data, and enzymatic peak-shifting analyses with purine nucleoside phosphorylase; and quantitatively determined by means of 35S radioactivity. Gross intracellular 35S concentrations remained constant at 5 x 10(-5) M after 1 hr of incubation. 6MP metabolism in L5178Y cells was distinguished into an early phase (to 1 hr of incubation) in which 6MP was predominantly catabolized to 6-thiouric acid and free sulfate, into an intermediate phase (to 8 hr) in which substantial amounts of free 6MP and of ribonucleotides of 6-thioxanthosine and 6-thioguanosine were present while the concentrations of nonnucleotide oxidation products sharply decreased, and into a late phase (to 24 hr) in which the ribonucleotides of 6MP, of 6-thioguanosine and, in particular, of 6-methylthioinosine were the most abundant metabolites.
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PMID:Quantitation of intracellular metabolites of [35S]-6-mercaptopurine in L5178Y cells grown in time-course incubates. 47 98

The authors discuss the main features of the complex pathophysiology of patients subjected to duodenocephalopancreatectomy, and particularly the difficulties inherent in clinical assessment of the digestive and metabolic impairment consequent upon the duodeno-gastro-pancreatic mutilation. Out of a total of 57 cases of this description, they singled out for recheck 23 patients who had undergone duodenocephalopancreatectomy not less than six months and not more than seven years before (chronic pancreatitis, 11 cases; various malignancies of the periampullar area, 10 cases; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 1 case; retroperitoneal lymphoma, 1 case). Seventy-six per cent of patients who had been gainfully employed were able to resume their jobs after surgery. Steatorrhea, assessed in terms of fecal fats, was present in all cases; notwithstanding, 70% of the patients gained weight (average increase 7 kg). All patients were on enzyme replacement therapy. Only 4% developed diabetes, and none developed postoperative peptic ulcers. Conversely there was a high incidence (65%) of bone structure reshuffling, signally osteoporosis, probably imputable to steatorrhea and vitamin D malabsorption, plus the often associated increase of serum alkaline phosphatase activity.
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PMID:[The biological results of duodenocephalopancreatectomy. Clinical evaluations based on a long-term follow-up]. 53 2

The results of bone scanning with the newer technetium-99m complexes were correlated with clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings in 26 patients with malignant lymphoma (10 with Hodgkin's disease and 16 with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas). Abnormalities on bone scan compatible with lymphomatous involvement of the skeleton appeared to occur more commonly in patients with diffuse lymphomas than in patients with nodular lymphomas and were generally observed in the setting of advanced disease (15 of 23 patients). Twenty-seven (73%) of the 37 scans obtained were abnormal. Although abnormal scans were observed with the greatest frequency in patients with bone pain (11 of 11), bone marrow involvement (11 of 12), abnormal skeletal radiographs (11 of 11), and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels (5 of 6), bone scanning also detected lymphomatous involvement in patients free of pain or with normal laboratory tests. Moreover, conventional radiography was entirely normal in six (35%) of 17 patients with abnormal scans and revealed only nonspecific osteopenia in another two patients (12%). Serial bone scans in nine patients reflected their response to chemotherapy. Of the 37 scans, only one was judged falsely positive and one falsey negative. Bone scanning with 99mTc complexes is a safe, simple, and sensitive screening procedure for detecting both extensive and focal lymphomatous involvement of the skeletal system and is a useful means of following such involvement in response to treatment.
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PMID:Bone scanning in lymphoma. 95 62


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