Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immuno-alkaline phosphatase staining (by the APAAP technique) has been used to identify promegakaryoblasts in cell smears from 10 cases of leukaemia (three acute leukaemia, seven blast transformations). In all cases promegakaryoblasts were labelled by at least two anti-platelet glycoprotein (gp) antibodies, the highest percentages being obtained with anti-gp IIIa (antibody C17). HLA-DR was expressed by a variable percentage of neoplastic cells in all cases, the T11 (CD2) antigen (sheep red cell receptor) in four of seven cases tested and the p150,95 antigen in three of the six cases tested. In some cases of acute myeloid leukaemia APAAP staining of blood smears revealed circulating promegakaryoblasts and micromegakaryocytes (which superficially resemble small lymphoid cells). It is concluded that immuno-alkaline phosphatase staining of cell smears offers a convenient means of diagnosing acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia in the routine laboratory.
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PMID:Detection of cells of megakaryocyte lineage in haematological malignancies by immuno-alkaline phosphatase labelling cell smears with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. 354 80

From 1963 to 1983, I treated 100 patients with polycythemia vera, using phlebotomy and the adjunctive agent hydroxyurea. These 78 male and 22 female patients ranged in age from 24 to 88 years (mean 55.7). Duration of therapy ranged from three to 216 months (mean 64.9). The mean daily dose was 0.72 gm, and the median dose was 0.64 gm. Hydroxyurea gave adequate control of red cells, platelets, and spleen size. Cytopenia was not observed. Phlebotomy requirements were markedly reduced. Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase scores were generally lowered and several blood chemistry values returned to normal. Side effects were minimal, and there were no drug-related deaths. Infections were not a problem. Hydroxyurea, a metabolic inhibitor of desoxyribonucleic acid, does not interfere with the synthesis of ribonucleic acid or protein and is thus probably less leukemogenic than radioactive phosphorus and alkylating agents. Acute myelogenous leukemia was seen in one patient after five years of continuous hydroxyurea therapy. He had received no other myelosuppressant agent. Because hydroxyurea is safe and effective in the treatment of polycythemia vera, it should be considered as first-line therapy. It probably offers practical and theoretic advantages over present therapy particularly when the disease is not well controlled by phlebotomy alone.
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PMID:Hydroxyurea in the treatment of polycythemia vera: a prospective study of 100 patients over a 20-year period. 382 16

Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) activity was estimated in 50 healthy humans and 89 patients with leukaemia; 41 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), 22 cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), and 26 cases of lymphoid leukaemia (LL). The groups proved to be separate entities (p less than 0.000 25) and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (p less than 0.001) except for the difference between AML and LL. The 95% confidence limits for normal NAP scores were 15.0-132.6. Decreased scores were demonstrated in 73% of CML, 7% of AML but never in LL patients. Increased scores were found in 37% of AML, 31% of LL but never in CML patients. Evaluation of the distribution of the single cell NAP activity (negative, weak positive, strong positive) showed decreased activity in 77% of CML, 15% of AML but never in LL patients. Increased activity was demonstrated in 63% of AML, 54% of LL and 9% of CML patients. The evaluation of single cell activity is a time-saving method, which furthermore proved superior to the scoring method in discriminating between the types of leukaemia investigated.
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PMID:Evaluation of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) activity: untreated myeloid leukaemia, lymphoid leukaemia and normal humans. 385 5

A retrospective analysis of 30 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CrMML) was performed to define the natural history of the disease and the risk of acute transformation. Our patients fulfilled the following criteria of diagnosis: blood monocytosis over 1 X 10(9)/l, blast cell percentage in bone marrow up to 30, and in peripheral blood less than 5. The most common presenting feature was anemia; seven patients had fever; three patients complained of purpura and bleeding. Anysopoikilocytosis and macrocytosis were frequent. Abnormal granulocyte morphology, defective granulation and abnormal leukocyte alkaline phosphatase were often observed. Blast cells in peripheral blood smears were found in 14 patients. Serum and urine lysozyme levels were increased in 82 per cent and 93 per cent, respectively. Dysplastic changes involving erythroid, granulocytic and megakaryocytic lineages were constant features in all cases. Agranulated blasts above 5 per cent of marrow nucleated cells were seen in 13 patients (43 per cent). Seven of the 20 patients showed non-specific chromosomal abnormalities at diagnosis. Median survival from diagnosis was 18 months (range, 3-112). Evolution into acute myeloid leukemia occurred in 11 patients. No difference in survival was found between patients who developed acute leukemia and patients who did not. A shorter survival has correlated to the following parameters: leukocytes greater than 10 X 10(9)/l, the presence of blasts in peripheral blood and agranulated blasts in the marrow above 5 per cent.
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PMID:Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: clinical features, cytogenetics, and prognosis in 30 consecutive cases. 386 Apr 66

Two patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) are described. The first case is that of a patient with AML who had a low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase level associated with a variant (6;8)(q27;q22) translocation, coupled with loss of an X chromosome in bone marrow and unstimulated blood cells. The second case is that of an AML patient in whom the karyotype of the leukemic cells at the time of diagnosis was 46,XY,t(8;21)(q22;q22),del(9)(q22); at relapse, the patient acquired an additional chromosome #19. The lack of involvement of chromosome #21 in the first case, as well as the occurrence of an abnormality of chromosome #9, in addition to the t(8q-;21q+) in the second case are discussed with reference to the character of the possible specific chromosomal events in patients with type M2 AML.
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PMID:Two cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia (M2 type) with karyotypes 45X,-X,t(6;8)(q27;q22),inv(9) and 46,XY,t(8;21)(q22;q22),del(9)(q22). 386 94

In patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), 34 out of 35 patients (97%) had cytochemically abnormal polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Some interesting regularity was noted in the appearance of cytochemical abnormalities of the PMNs. When peroxidase (PO) activity was low, both alkaline phosphatase (AP) and chloroacetate esterase (CAE) activities were also low (group A). When PO activity was normal, if AP activity was low, CAE activity tended to be high (group B) and if AP activity was high, CAE activity tended to be low (group C). Complete remission rate of group B (65%) seemed to be better than that of group C (20%) and group A (25%) although the differences was not statistically significant. In these patients, the number of peripheral leukemic blasts and PMNs showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.69, p less than 0.005). Furthermore, patients with higher circulating PMN counts (more than 2 X 10(9)/L) had a significantly worse prognosis than patients with lower counts (p less than 0.05). These rather unexpected findings strongly suggest that cytochemically abnormal PMNs are progeny of AML blasts. The change in the proportion of abnormal PMNs associated with chemotherapy were studied in 21 patients during the remission induction period. Abnormal PMNs disappeared from the circulation in patients who achieved complete remission. In contrast, abnormal PMNs persisted throughout the remission induction period in patients who failed to achieve complete remission.
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PMID:Studies on abnormal polymorphonuclear neutrophils in acute myelogenous leukemia: clinical significance and changes after chemotherapy. 657 30

Utilizing multivariate logistic regression statistical analysis, the authors evaluated prognostic features associated with achievement of complete remission (CR) and remission and survival duration in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). These clinical variables were analyzed in 77 consecutive adult patients who underwent 108 courses of remission induction therapy with daunomycin, cytosine arabinoside, and 6-thioguanine (DAT) chemotherapy for newly diagnosed and first relapse of AML. Eight patients had developed leukemia in the setting of other malignant or immunologic diseases (therapy-linked AML) and 69 patients had not (primary AML). Sixty-three percent of patients with primary AML achieved CR with median remission and survival durations of 11 and 24 months, respectively. Significant unfavorable predictive features for achievement of CR were splenomegaly, and elevated leukocyte count or serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Patients who had leukocyte counts of less than or equal to 10,000/mm3 at diagnosis or less than or equal to 40,000/mm3 at the start of therapy, and those who received greater than 120 mg/m2 of daunomycin had significantly longer remissions and survival than those who did not. Fifty-seven percent of patients in first relapse also achieved CR; however, relative to first remissions, second remission durations were significantly shorter (median, 4.6 months). Sixty-two percent of patients with therapy-linked AML achieved CR, but remission durations (median, 2.8 months) were significantly shorter than first remissions of primary AML patients. These data identify clinical features associated with increased risk of failure to achieve CR and potential for short remission duration and survival. Alternative forms of therapy should be considered for such high-risk patients.
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PMID:Multivariate analysis of factors associated with outcome of treatment for adults with acute myelogenous leukemia. 659 33

Hepatotoxicity is regarded as a rare side effect of amphotericin B therapy. A patient with acute myelogenous leukemia who had normal liver function was treated with amphotericin B for fungal pneumonia. While he was receiving the drug at high dosages asymptomatic elevation of the levels of alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase and bilirubin was noted. The levels returned to normal when the drug was discontinued. Rechallenge with a lower dosage prompted a rapid rise in the levels, with subsequent return to normal when the medication was withdrawn.
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PMID:Reversible hepatotoxicity related to amphotericin B. 659 84

We measured the concentration of granulocyte-committed progenitor cells (CFU-c) and the alkaline phosphatase activity of neutrophils harvested from colonies cultured from the peripheral blood of 30 patients with high-count chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) in the chronic phase. Neutrophils in colonies cultured from marrow of normal donors or patients with acute myeloid leukaemia in remission served as controls. CFU-c numbers in CGL peripheral blood were on average 3 times higher than in normal marrow (130.1 +/- 126.2 (SD) versus 43.0 +/- 25.2 per 1 X 10(5) cells plated, respectively). The mean NAP scores in cultured CGL neutrophils were substantially higher than control values (89.9 +/- 48.0 versus 55.9 +/- 33.0 units, respectively). There was a tendency for peak values of NA in culture to be reached at earlier points in CGL cultures with high CFU-c numbers (i.e. high proliferative rates) than in those with lower CFU-c numbers (lower proliferative rates). Our data accord with the concept that low NA levels in CGL in vivo result from modulating influences external to the neutrophil.
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PMID:Alkaline phosphatase activity of chronic granulocytic leukaemia neutrophils in agar culture. 692 68

The properties of an unusual new cell line from a child with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is described. The patient, his mother and grandmother all died within 2 years of AML. Karyotypic analysis suggests that the cells which grow in vitro represent a proliferation of the child's leukaemic cells. The presence of myeloid alkaline phosphatase in these cells suggests that they represent a proliferation of malignant myeloblasts. During the first year in culture a significant percentage of the cells formed E-rosettes, but the cells failed to react with monoclonal anti-T-cell antibodies. The cells are SmIg, Fc, C3 and EBNA negative. Ultrastructural examination of the cells revealed cytoplasmic inclusion bodies which contained virus-like particles. These inclusion bodies and particles were similar to those observed by us in two other human leukaemic cell lines and not unlike those in fresh human leukaemic cells, as reported by others.
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PMID:Characteristics of a cell line established from a child with familial acute myeloid leukaemia. 693 56


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