Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diagnostic specificity of a new method to detect obstructive jaundice by determination of lipoprotein X (LP-X) was tested in 144 patients with different kinds of hepatic diseases and compared with the usual chemical "obstructive jaundice specific" tests, such as bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, LAP and gamma-GT. The LP-X test was performed by using all-in test kit LP-X Rapidophor" low-voltage electrophoresis of Immuno AG/Wien. The results were correlated with the histological classification of the liver biopsy specimen. In 82% of the histologically verified cases of obstructive jaundice the result of the LP-X test was positive, whilst in 98.5% of the histologically negative cases the result of the LP-X test was negative. Hence, this LP-X method proved superior to chemical methods in providing a clear-cut positive or negative answer to the presence of cholestasis. Furthermore, the LP-X test was suitable for long-term follow-up investigation of patients with obstructive jaundice.
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PMID:[The diagnosis of cholestasis: lipoprotein X (LP-X) (author's transl)]. 0 12

Sixty-five patients with obstructive jaundice out of a total of 71 patients, were treated successfully by PTCD. The markedly elevated total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase in the serum were reduced significantly and the general condition of the patient improved rapidly. On the other hand, severe obstructive jaundice which had persisted for several weeks was not amenable to treatment in this way. Occlusion of the extrahepatic bile ducts by tumour was treated by internal PTCD; this provided satisfactory flow of bile into the duodenum for at least six months. PTCD is simpler for the patient than surgery and is therefore the method of choice in obstructive jaundice. Finally, PTCD can be used for the introduction of antibiotics for the treatment of suppurative cholangitis or liver abscesses. This rapidly leads to reduction in fever and absorption of the abscesses.
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PMID:[Transhepatic biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice (author's transl)]. 16 87

Abnormal lipoprotein (LP-X) represents a specific parameter for the presence of obstructive jaundice in the adult. Since LP-X has also been detected in the serum of newborn infants, both full-term and premature, and in early infancy, in the absence of clinical evidence of obstructive jaundice, extensive investigations were undertaken in infants during the neonatal period to clarify this phenomenon. The present study reports the data obtained in over 2000 sera from over 370 infants (mature newborn and premature newborn and young infants), tested more or less continuously by means of the Rapidophor method, initially on a qualitative, and subsequently, on a semi-quantitative basis. LP-X appears within the first fortnight in newborn infants, irrespective of the mode of feeding. The LP-X concentration was correlated to the birth weight. Premature infants displaying signs of immaturity possessed markedly higher LP-X levels than mature newborn infants. LP-X was not correlated to the alkaline phosphatase level, nor to the gammaglutamyl transferase activity; the bilirubin level, likewise, had no connection with the LP-X concentration. Patients with proven obstructive jaundice showed distinctly higher LP-X concentrations (greater than 56 mg/100 ml), whereby the rise in LP-X level in some cases preceded the appearance of the clinical manifestations of obstructive jaundice. The following hypotheses are advanced in order to explain the presence of LP-X during the neonatal period and are discussed on the basis of clinical observations in adults, the physiological conditions in the newborn infant and the results of the present study: The liver, which occupies the central position amongst metabolic organs, also in the case of the lipoproteins, is at a physiological stage of organic and functional maturation during this early period of life. Under these circumstances, a pseudo-obstructive mechanism on the basis of insufficient excretion of biliary lipoproteins, in conjunction with a simultaneous "physiological" deficiency of lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase could lead to the appearance of LP-X in the serum. Catabolism of the resultant LP-X cannot take place owing to an inadequate activity of lipoprotein lipase. Functional immaturity can be presumed in the case of both enzyme systems during the neonatal period. On attainment of a degree of maturity compatible with the appropriate neonatal stage, the LP-X values become negative between the 7th and the 16th week of life. It is conceivable that the appearance of LP-X in the newborn infant can be ascribed to LP-X1, since the "physiological" LP-X concentrations in the neonatal period (values of up to 20 mg/100 ml) are distinctly lower than the values found in obstructive jaundice. LP-X determination can be rated as a useful supplementary investigation in the differential diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary atresia during the first weeks or months of life...
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PMID:[Abnormal lipoprotein (LP-X) in the first months of life with particular reference to obstructive jaundice (author's transl)]. 26 15

Total activity and isoenzymic spectrum of the blood serum and liver alkaline phosphatase were studied with experimental obstructive jaundice beginning from the first hours of its development till 30 days. Changes in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and its isoenzymic spectrum are shown to have their characteristic features at different times of obstructive jaundice.
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PMID:[Serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in rats at different periods after bile duct transection]. 42 37

A characteristic alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester hydrolase, alkaline pH optimum, EC 3.1.3.1) was detected in the sera of most patients with infectious mononucleosis, acute and chronic lymphatic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The enzyme was also present in the sera of nine out of 26 patients with cancer of the cervix. N-APase in these cases counted 30-100% of the total alkaline phosphatase activity. N-APase was absent from the sera of healthy individuals and of patients with acute and chronic granulocytic leukaemia, breast cancer, colon cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, systemic lupus erythematosis, hepatitis and obstructive jaundice. Only three of 22 patients with Hodgkin's disease showed n-apase activity in the serum. In infectious mononucleosis the presence of N-APase activity was well correlated with the clinical course. In 13 cases studied, the clinical improvement was associated with the decrease or disappearance of N-APase activity. N-APase activity could not be detected in white cells of acute myeloid leukaemic patients, nor in the cells of myeloid blastic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. It was present in the cells of lymphoid blastic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia.
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PMID:N-alkaline phosphatase: a potential disease marker for lymphoproliferative disorders. 43 2

The urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid, a catabolite of glucuronic acid, is considered to be a reliable index of the state of hepatic microsomal enzyme activity. Because enzyme activity may be altered in liver disease, we examined the effect of liver disease on the excretion of this metabolite and its correlation with liver function tests. We studied 89 patients with nonhemolytic jaundice, 39 with viral hepatitis, 33 with obstructive jaundice, six with cirrhosis, and 11 patients with jaundice of mixed etiology. Glucaric acid excretion was significantly increased in all these patients as compared to controls, most pronounced in the obstructive jaundice group. No correlation was found between glucaric acid excretion and concentrations of bilirubin, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, or gamma-glutamyltransferase in serum, even though the concentrations of these analytes did vary with the type of liver disease. We suggest that this increase in glucaric acid excretion is an indication of normal or even increased glucuronidation (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity), which occurs in liver disease.
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PMID:Increased D-glucaric acid excretion by jaundiced patients. 69 85

Fifty-five cases of intrahepatic dilation of the bile ducts associated with choledochal cyst have been found in the literature, mostly reported over the past five years. Obstructive jaundice is often not present at an early stage in this group of patients, but dissociation of the serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels could be an early manifestation of this condition. Recent advances in diagnosis and new concepts of the cause and surgical management are reviewed. A case is reported where choledochocystojejunostomy was performed using automatic stapling instruments. Disappearance of symptoms, normalization of liver functions, and reduction in size of the cysts were observed during the two-year postoperative period.
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PMID:Dilation of intraheptic bile ducts in choledochal cyst: case report with follow-up review of the literature. 99 5

Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was found to increase more markedly in patients with liver cirrhosis than in patients with peptic ulcer and this increase was found to be influenced by blood types. After testing several amino acids and bile acids, phenylalanine and cholic acid were chosen and their inhibitory effects upon serum alkaline phosphatase activity were studied in 66 patients with various liver diseases. It was found that the combination of both agents demonstrates different patterns of inhibition between the patients with liver cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice. This inhibitory effects were also variable among cases of different blood types. Basing upon the present observation, the possible source of the elevated alkaline phosphatase activity in liver cirrhosis was discussed.
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PMID:Inhibition of serum alkaline phosphatase activity by phenylalanine and cholic acid. 115 73

Circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and their relation to liver function test values were studied in 29 jaundiced patients with benign extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction and inflammation. During the obstructive and inflammatory phase, 15 (52%) of the patients had CEA levels greater than 2.5 ng/ml. Elevated CEA levels were associated more frequently with common bile duct stones (and cholangitis) than with gallbladder stones (and cholecystitis) alone, although this difference was not statistically significant. The former often had values greater than 5.0 ng/ml. The highest values were found in two patients with liver abscesses. T'HE CEA levels returned to normal following relief of obstruction in seven of ten patients and increased in two patients who had progressive inflammation. Serum alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the patients with elevated CEA levels (p smaller than .05). Serum alkaline phosphatase levels showed a significant positive correlation with CEA levels (p smaller than .02). Patients with obstructive jaundice and elevated CEA levels do not necessarily have cancer.
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PMID:Elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels and biliary tract obstruction. 117 45

In 47 patients with hepatocellular or obstructive jaundice and 20 healthy controls the alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme pattern was determined by means of electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. It was demonstrated that the main activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in healthy subjects was connected with beta globulins while beta lipoproteins contained only traces of this activity. In hepatocellular jaundice during viral hepatitis only a slight rise was found of the activities of isoenzymes present in healthy subjects, and no zones of additional activity were found. In obstructive jaundice of benign as well malignant etiology the beta lipoprotein zone increased also significantly, moreover an additional activity zone was revealed moving in the gel together with alpha2macroglobulins. In 40% of cases of obstructive jaundice caused by metastatic malignant neoplasms in the liver a 4-fraction isoenzyme pattern of AP was demonstrated with additional activity in the haptoglobin zone.
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PMID:Non-homogeneity of serum alkaline phosphatase activity in certain diseases of the liver and bile ducts investigated by polyacrylamide electrophoresis. 122 17


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