Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The immobilization of purified influenza virus, rubella virus, crude nuclear cytomegalovirus antigen and of mycoplasma on polystyrene tubes was studied using radio-iodinated preparations. The antigen activities on tube surfaces were determined using sequentially specific human antibodies and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-human IgG in an enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) reaction. In addition, immobilization of radio-iodinated human IgG, IgM, and IgA, serving as model proteins, was studied using the respective anti-immunoglobulin conjugates in EIA directly. Pretreatment of the surface with albumin and glutaraldehyde inhibited the adsorption and antigenicity of IgG. Increase of temperature and thus of speed of adsorption did not affect the fraction of antigen eluted during the test procedure. Only with IgG and IgA was it necessary to saturate the polystyrene surface in order to achieve maximal reactivity in EIA. With other antigens, maximal reactivity in EIA was obtained with amounts of protein much lower than the maximal amount that could be adsorbed per tube. IgM was found to have an exceptionally high affinity to polystyrene.
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PMID:Immobilization of viral and mycoplasma antigens and of immunoglobulins on polystyrene surface for immunoassays. 22 62

Reported is a microprocess of enzyme immune assay in which slipformed air pockets of polyvinylchloride (PVC), as used in the pharmaceutical industry, are used as carriers of antigens or antibody. Two methods, the anti-globulin and the double-antibody methods, are based on antibody which had been coupled with alkaline phosphatase. Tests in which various sub-types of influenza virus were used have shown the double-antibody method to be a sensitive technique which can be successfully used in the differentiation of envelope antigens.
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PMID:[Differentiation of influenza virus antigens using enzyme immunoassay]. 36 18

A solid phase antibody assay by means of alkaline phosphatase conjugated to antiimmunoglobulin is described. Specially designed microcuvettes were sensitized with influenza A antigen, and antibodies bound to it were assayed by anti-IgG alkaline phosphatase conjugate in a semiautomated photometer equipped with a programmable calculator. The sensitivity was found to be 200 times higher than HI- or CF-techniques, and the interassay variation was so small that twofold changes in antobody activity could be regarded as significant. Results from vaccinees indicated that serum samples could be collected at intervals of three to six days only to reach a serological diagnosis in clinical patients.
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PMID:Solid phase antibody assay by means of enzyme conjugated to anti-immunoglobulin. 79 17

Dosages of 20 and 10 ppm methylmercury were toxic to rabbits while 1 ppm did not produce clinical signs or death. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated in all rabbits exposed to methylmercury. Methylmercury-exposed rabbits challenged to A/PR8 influenza virus had hemagglutination inhibition titers as much as four times lower than those of controls. Histopathologic lesions were found in the cerebellum of rabbits that died. The most significant features of this study were that methylmercury chloride suppressed the humoral immune system and resulted in increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels, which may aid in diagnosis when methylmercury poisoning is suspected.
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PMID:Methylmercury: effect on serum enzymes and humoral antibody. 86 83

Thirty five patients with psoriasis (plaque type 26, guttate 3, pustular 4, and erythrodermic 2) were treated with oral mycophenolic acid for a period ranging from 52 to 104 weeks. The average follow-up was 89 weeks, and the dose schedule ranged from 2,400 to 7,200 mg daily. Excellent response was noted in 20 patients, good in 13 patients, and poor in 2. The most common clinical side effects were in the gastrointestinal tract, namely, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps, and soft stools. A high incidence of herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and a flu-like syndrome was noted. Laboratory abnormalities consisted of mild blood hemoglobin reduction, one case of leukopenia (3,9000 WBCs per cubic millimeter), two cases with thrombocytopenia and mild elevation of alkaline phosphatase. Mycophenolic acid appears as a promising drug for the treatment of severe psoriasis.
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PMID:Mycophenolic acid in the treatment of psoriasis: long-term administration. 87 14

The nucleoprotein of the WSN strain of influenza was found to be phosphorylated in vitro. The phosphate-protein bond was stable to hot trichloroacetic acid, RNase, DNase, succinic acid, and succinic acid-hydroxylamine, but sensitive to hydrolysis by bacterial alkaline phosphatase. This suggested that the nucleoprotein is in the form of a phosphomonoester. Acid hydrolysis of the isolated nucleoprotein followed by thin-layer electrophoresis identified the phosphorylated amino acid residue as phosphoserine.
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PMID:Phosphorylated protein component present in influenza virions. 90 30

To avoid extensive manipulation for the purification of RNA from cells, several methods were evaluated for the direct release of RNA from influenza virus infected cells and supernatants using slot blot hybridization and non-radioactive probes. Treatment with an equal volume of 10 M aqueous guanidine hydrochloride produced the best hybridization signal. Less, but significant amounts of RNA were also released using the following treatments: dilute alkali (final concentration of 0.16 M NaOH) or 100 degrees C/5 min or RNA sample buffer containing formamide/formaldehyde, then heating at 65 degrees C/10 min. Despite the presence of large amounts of cell debris, RNA from guanidine hydrochloride treated whole cell extracts bound quantitatively to the positively charged nylon membranes. The sensitivity of RNA detection when whole cell extracts treated with guanidine hydrochloride were probed with a digoxigenin labelled cDNA probe was similar to the detection of RNA in highly purified, protein free samples. Three positively charged membranes were tested (from Amersham, ICN and Boehringer Mannheim) using two alkaline phosphatase substrates, NBT-X phos, and a chemiluminescent substrate, 3-(2'-spiroadamantane)-4-methoxy-4-(3'-phosphoyloxy)-phenyl- 1-1,2-dioextane (AMPPD) and a peroxidase substrate, tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The Boehringer Mannheim membrane had the highest sensitivity for the alkaline phosphatase substrates, but the peroxidase reaction with the TMB substrate was the most consistently sensitive, irrespective of which membrane was used. The ability to quantitatively detect RNA from whole cells without any purification will allow the rapid screening of large numbers of samples for specific RNA species in research or diagnostic laboratories.
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PMID:Rapid treatment of whole cells and RNA viruses for analysis of RNA by slot blot hybridization. 162 16

Reconstitution of influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP)-RNA complexes was performed with segment 8 RNA, which was synthesized in vitro from cDNA, and NP purified from virions. Under optimum conditions established using a filter binding assay and a gel retardation assay, NP was found to bind any RNA longer than 15 nucleotides. NP-RNA complexes formed at 30 degrees C are more resistant to high concentrations of NaCl than those formed at 0 degrees C. Treatment of NP with N-ethylmaleimide gave no effect on its RNA binding activity, whereas treatment with alkaline phosphatase enhanced its RNA binding activity. The newly developed "reverse-printing" method of RNase V1-treated complexes revealed that reconstituted NP-RNA complexes carry RNase V1-sensitive sites as do native ribonucleoprotein (RNP) cores (RNA polymerase-NP-RNA complexes), implying that RNA-NP complexes structurally similar to native RNP cores are reconstituted from isolated components.
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PMID:Reconstitution of influenza virus RNA-nucleoprotein complexes structurally resembling native viral ribonucleoprotein cores. 235 55

The effect of influenza infection on vessels in the stria vascularis of the spiral organ of 60 guinea-pigs infected intranasally or intranasally and intracordially was investigated. The vascular network was examined 1, 3, 7 or 14 days after infection. The animals that were infected intranasally were treated with dimephosphone administered for 7 days intraesophageally. The vessel diameter and blood flow, alkaline phosphatase in the vascular wall, adventitial cells and epithelial cells of the stripe were measured. It was found that the infection produced a strong effect on the vascular network of the stripe, especially 1 day after infection: the caliber of vessels diminished, formed elements accumulated in their lumen, alkaline phosphatase in the vascular wall and adventitial cells decreased. On day 3 alkaline phosphatase activity increased and vessel diameter normalized but congestive changes developed. Dimephosphone given for 7 days had a vasodilatory effect. These observations clarify certain aspects of the origin of hearing disorders accompanying influenza.
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PMID:[Effects of influenza on the state of vessels in the stria vascularis of the spiral organ (an experimental study)]. 280 Jan 23

The lungs of mice having survived three inoculations with influenza virus A/PR8/34 (H1N1) repeated at 7-day intervals (an experimentally induced "chronic" influenza infection) were subjected to histological, electron optic, histochemical and histoenzymatic investigations. Hyperemia, edema and infiltration of the alveolar walls with lymphoid and monocytic elements could be observed. Electron microscopy revealed changes at the level of different ultrastructures of both lung and infiltration cells. A decrease in the levels of alkaline phosphatase, lactate, malate, succinate dehydrogenases and monoaminoxidase, an elevated amount of lipids and of mucopolysaccharides were made evident in the lung cells of mice chronically infected with influenza virus type A.
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PMID:Morphological, histochemical and histoenzymatic investigations on the lungs of mice chronically infected with influenza virus type A. 400 17


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