Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A distinct alkaline phosphatase (phosphatase N) was demonstrated in the serum of patients with acute lymphatic leukemia, chronic lymphatic leukemia, and infectious mononucleosis. This enzyme closely resembles that extracted from the thymus of mice with lymphoma or lymphatic leukemia, both in its electro-phoretic mobility and its substrate specificity. The phosphatase N activity was related to the clinical state of patients with lymphatic leukemia and disappeared with recovery from infectious mnononucleosis.
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PMID:Distinct alkaline phosphatase in serum of patients with lymphatic leukemia and infectious mononucleosis. 452 17

We evaluated serial enzyme and bilirubin determinations as aids to diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus-induced infectious mononucleosis (121 cases) and the heterophil-negative mononucleosis-like illness due to cytomegalovirus (33 cases). Laboratory evidence for either type of mononucleosis includes mild to moderate hepatic dysfunction, with aspartate aminotransferase activity increased, but lower than commonly encountered in active viral hepatitis. Of the enzymes commonly assayed in evaluating liver function, aspartate aminotransferase activity was the most commonly abnormal: in 96.7% of those with Epstein-Barr virus disease and 87.9% with cytomegalovirus disease. Values for alkaline phosphatase were increased in 94.2% of the Epstein-Barr virus cases and 63.6% of the cytomegalovirus cases, and gamma-glutamyltransferase values were increased in 90.9% and 75.8%, respectively. We conclude that, in serially studied patients, normal results for liver-function studies or very high aspartate aminotransferase activities (greater than 1000 U/L) eliminate, for practical purposes, both Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus as diagnostic considerations.
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PMID:Hepatic function in mononucleosis induced by Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus. 610 48

Immunofluorescence labelling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells is usually done on cells in suspension. This paper describes a procedure based on immuno-alkaline phosphatase staining of routine blood smears. The advantages of this method are that a few drops of blood are sufficient for labelling multiple lymphocyte subpopulations; smears may be stored for long periods before labelling; it is unnecessary to isolate a mononuclear cell fraction before labelling; labelled preparations can be stored; and the morphological features of labelled cells are shown clearly. The technique was used to label T cells and their subsets, B cells, and HLA-DR antigen in blood smears from 15 normal donors, from 7 patients with infectious mononucleosis, from 1 patient with clinically proven AIDS, and from 1 symptom-free subject at risk of AIDS. The normal T helper/suppressor ratio of 1 X 95 was reversed in all of the last three groups of subjects, the mean being 0 X 34 for infectious mononucleosis; the value was 0 X 22 in the AIDS patients. Immuno-alkaline phosphatase labelling of routine blood smears seems to be a valuable method for studying abnormalities in circulating lymphocyte subpopulations and lends itself to mass screening for altered T helper and T suppressor subjects-for example, in blood donors.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical detection of T and B cell populations in routine blood smears. 620 88

A rapid, specific, sensitive, standardized, a reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure has been developed for detecting the heterophil antibody associated with infectious mononucleosis (IM). The IM heterophil antibody used for the solid phase was purified from bovine erythrocyte stroma. The test uses heavy-chain-specific anti-immunoglobulin M (IgM) labeled with alkaline phosphatase and three 10-min incubations. The quantitative results correlated well with horse erythrocyte agglutination titers. Absorption tests confirmed the specificity of the ELISA reactions for IM heterophil antibodies. Neither very high levels of IgM in myeloma sera nor high levels of rheumatoid factor caused false-positive reactions. A number of probable IM cases were encountered which positive by ELISA but negative by the horse erythrocyte slide agglutination test. Absorption studies indicated that these were true-positives for the IM heterophil antibody. The IM heterophil antibodies were confirmed to be predominantly of the IgM class, but moderate proportions of the IgM class were sometimes encountered.
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PMID:Detection of infectious mononucleosis heterophil antibody by a rapid, standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure. 627 95

A 27-yr-old Jamaican male presented with a 2-month history of jaundice, pruritus, intermittent diarrhea, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Over the next month, his abdominal pain and diarrhea improved, but his jaundice and pruritus worsened. He was afebrile and profoundly jaundice, with a benign abdominal examination. Medical workup included a normal abdominal ultrasound, iron studies, ceruloplasm, and serum electrophoresis. Negative viral (Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, mononucleosis, hepatitis A, B, C) studies, ANA, AMA, ASMA, RPR were noted. He denied any alcohol, drug, or toxin exposure. Liver tests revealed total bilirubin of 25.6 mg/dl, direct bilirubin of 13.9 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase 278 IU/L, AST 45 IU/L, and ALT 71 IU/L. Liver biopsy demonstrated centrilobular zonal necrosis and cholestasis most consistent with a toxic reaction. The patient was again interviewed regarding potential toxins, and he admitted to the ingestion of ackee fruit, a native Jamaican fruit that is illegal in the United States. Shortly after he had ceased intake of the fruit, his symptoms resolved and his liver function tests returned to normal. We present a case of chronic ackee fruit ingestion that led to cholestatic jaundice, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
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PMID:Cholestatic jaundice due to ackee fruit poisoning. 807 44

The frequency of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigen-positive B cells in the peripheral blood of patients with infectious mononucleosis compared with that for latently EBV-infected individuals was examined by immunocytochemistry. B cells positive for Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) 1, EBNA2, and latent membrane protein were frequently found in all peripheral B lymphocyte preparations from 25 patients suffering for 3 to 28 days from infectious mononucleosis by using monoclonal antibodies and the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline technique. There was a significant decrease in the number of positive B cells during the course of disease. EBNA1-positive B cells were detected in 0.01 to 2.5% of total B cells (median, 0.8%), EBNA2-positive B cells were detected in 0.01 to 4.5% of total B cells (median, 0.9%), and latent membrane protein-positive B cells were detected in 0.01 to 1.8% of total B cells (median, 0.5%), depending on the duration of clinical signs. In contrast, we did not find any EBNA1- or EBNA2-positive B cells in 2 x 10(6) peripheral blood B lymphocytes of 10 latently EBV-infected individuals, whereas aliquots of the same cell preparations were EBV DNA positive by a PCR assay. Therefore, it appears to be possible to detect infectious mononucleosis by immunocytochemical determination of latent EBV products, which might be of relevance for the diagnosis of EBV reactivations in immunosuppressed patients.
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PMID:Characteristics of viral protein expression by Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells in peripheral blood of patients with infectious mononucleosis. 857 32

An in situ polymerase chain reaction (IS-PCR) technique was used to detect and differentiate strains of episomal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in infected cells. IS-PCR was performed on cell monolayers in eight-chamber glass slides using EBV type-specific primer pairs conserved within the EBV-encoded nuclear antigen (EBNA) 3C region. The amplicons in the cells were detected by in situ hybridization using EBV type-1 and type-2 specific 5'-biotinylated oligonucleotide probes and avidin-conjugated alkaline phosphatase as secondary reagent. This method was successfully used to identify EBV strains not only in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines but also in B cells obtained from a patient with infectious mononucleosis. The technique described on this report is a reliable method to detect latently infected EBV-positive cells and can potentially be used to identify and type EBV strains present in clinical specimens.
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PMID:Detection and differentiation of Epstein-Barr virus strains by in situ polymerase chain reaction. 923 25

To assess epidemiological and clinical significance of drug hepatotoxicity in the setting of liver diseases consultation, ten thousand and three hundred forty two prospectively designed clinical records from patient cared for in our Liver Unit in the period 1988-1998 were incorporated into the study; 58 out of 10,342 (prevalence = 5.6%) fulfilled at least the first three of the following causality requirements: 1.--Liver injury associated in time to drug exposition; 2.--Negative evaluation of more common other etiologies; (alcohol, viruses, immunologic, metabolic, etc) 3.--Favourable response to drug withdrawal (ALT < 50% of baseline in 8 to 30 days in acute hepatitis type, and alkaline phosphatase and/or total bilirubin < 50% of baseline up to 6 months, in acute cholestasis) 4.--Inadverted or rarely prescribed positive challenge. Acute hepatitis type of injury were considered when serum ALT rise 8 times or more above normal superior level with alkaline phosphatase (APh) below 3 times; "pure" cholestasis when APh rise 3 times or more above normal with ALT below 8 times; mixed acute injury or cholestatic hepatitis when both ALT and APh were elevated above 8 and 3 times respectively, and indeterminate type when both enzymes were below the referred levels. Chronic injury were considered when six or more month of evolution and compatible liver histology happens. Clinical severity were expressed as mild (absence of major clinical complications, serum bilirubin < 5 mg/dl and prothrombin concentration > 75%), moderate (presence of clinical complications, bilirubin > 5 mg/dl and prothrombin concentration between 50-75%), and severe (major clinical complications with bilirubin > 5 mg/dl and prothrombin concentration < 50%). Female/male ratio was 1.4:1, with age average 39 years (R = 15-77) and major concentration of cases above 40. More than 50% of cases received 2 or more drugs. Jaundice was present in 60.4%, and systemic manifestations of hypersensibility (fever, adenomegalies, rush, mononucleosis like syndrome, eosinophilia) in 29.3%. Acute injury represented 91.4% of the cases: 41.4% acute hepatitis, 15.5% "pure" cholestasis, 24.1% cholestatic hepatitis, and 10.3% indeterminate type. Four patients (4.5% of acute injury cases) were presented as severe acute liver failure, leading to liver transplant in one of them, drug association (INH-rifampicin and carbamazepine-phenobarbital) and inadverted challenge (sulphonamides and pemoline) were associated to clinical severity. Chronic injury were found in five patient (8.6%), four of them associated to chronic hepatitis and the other one to a ductopenic syndrome. Six drugs represented 53.4% of our cases; oral contraceptives (7 cases), INH alone or combined with rifampicin (6 cases), sulfonamides and clorpropamida (5 cases each), carbamazepine and amiodarone (4 cases each). Normalization of liver enzymes after drug suppression took 2 to 8 weeks in acute hepatitis type (X = 4 weeks), 4 to 20 in "pure" cholestasis (X = 12 weeks) and 8 to 24 weeks in cholestatic hepatitis or mixed type (X = 16 weeks). Two cases of chronic hepatitis normalize the histological activity index in 20 and 18 month respectively, one case remains as chronic hepatitis at 10 month and the other one progress to cirrhosis; the ductopenic syndrome normalize histology in 19 months receiving urso-deoxicolic acid, 10 mg/k/day.
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PMID:[Clinic-epidemiological significance of drug hepatotoxicity in liver disease consultation]. 1092 31

In 30 patients with mononucleosis-like syndrome (MLS) caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms, haematological & serological changes (after excluding Epstein-Barr virus, HAV, HBV and HCV infections), the following measurements were done weekly during consecutive two months': bilirubin concentration, aspartate & alanine aminotransferases (AST & ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), beta-glucuronidase (B-GR), and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) activity. Increase in bilirubin concentration was found in 6% of patients, increase of AST and ALT activity--in 70%, GGTP--in 50%, ALP--in 25%, and of B-GR--in 16% of the subjects. The highest bilirubin concentration, and high levels of AST, ALT, and B-GR were noted in the 2nd week of infection, whereas the peak activity of ALP and GGTP was found in the 3rd week of the disease. In all patients normalization of bilirubin concentration was earliest (5th week of infection); followed by decrease of AST, ALT, B-GR, and ALP activity (7th week), and subsequently--that of GGTP (8th week of the disease). The results of the investigations have shown that in the course of MLS the changes of hepatic activity are limited and transient; they return to normal synchronously with the withdrawal of clinical symptoms (4th-6th week of the disease), without permanent measurable consequences. In patients with MLS and increase AST & ALT activity (400-600 iu) as well as slight increased of bilirubin concentrations hepatitis C,A and B should be excluded. In has not been established so far whether the changes of hepatic function during MLS are the consequence of direct infection by CMV, reactivation of the primary occult infection (asymptomatic), or re-infection by a different serotype.
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PMID:[Biochemical changes of liver damage factors in the course of mononucleosis like syndrome caused by cytomegalovirus]. 1134 95

Liver involvement is nearly universal in healthy persons with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection-induced infectious mononucleosis. It is usually mild, undetected clinically and resolves spontaneously. Jaundice is distinctly uncommon and may reflect either more severe hepatitis or an associated hemolytic anemia. Cholestatic hepatitis due to EBV infection is infrequently reported and may pose a diagnostic quandary. We describe a patient who presented with jaundice and a markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level due to serologically confirmed acute infection with EBV. Imaging studies excluded biliary obstruction. Symptoms and laboratory abnormalities resolved spontaneously. EBV infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of cholestatic hepatitis in adults.
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PMID:Cholestatic hepatitis induced by Epstein-Barr virus infection in an adult. 1275 67


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