Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From June 1986 to October 1989, ten children suffering from end stage renal disease (ESRD) were treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Their ages ranged from 4 to 16 years; 3 were boys and 7 were girls. IgM mesangial nephropathy (IgMN) (three cases) were the most common causes of renal failure in the patients. All patients were trained in the hospital. After CAPD treatment, serum BUN and creatinine dropped significantly. Serum levels of potassium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase dropped and serum sodium and calcium rose significantly after treatment. Improvement of anemic state and control of hypertension were also noted. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia developed after CAPD treatment. Despite protein loss through the peritoneal cavity, there was no evidence of protein malnutrition. Total serum protein and albumin increased significantly after treatment. The most common complication was peritonitis. Three of these 10 patients developed an episode of peritonitis, or an incidence of 1 episode per 17.2 patient months. To the present, seven patients are still doing well on CAPD. Three patients have received renal transplantation. The majority of the patients experienced an increased sense of well-being, easier diet and fluid management, freedom for travel and daily activities. Physical development also improved, with body length and body weight gaining steadily. It can be concluded that CAPD is a good modality of long-term therapy for ESRD children.
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PMID:Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for children with end stage renal disease. 226 Apr 64

Two hundred and ten patients (119 men and 91 women, mean age 54) with primary hypercholesterolemia (97% with total serum cholesterol greater than 240 mg/dl) were treated with lovastatin during 12 weeks in a placebo-controlled multicenter trial (10 cities and 21 investigators). All patients remained under an isocaloric low-fat, low-cholesterol diet throughout the study, and received placebo on a single-blind basis for the first 4 weeks (pretreatment period). Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured at the beginning (week-4) and again at week 12. TC was also measured at weeks 0, 4, 8 and 12, while LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated by a modification of Friedewald's formula. At the 5 clinic visits vital signs and body weight were recorded, and patients were questioned about adverse experiences. Safety laboratory tests (complete blood count, serum creatinine and creatinine phosphokinase, fasting plasma glucose, serum bilirubin, transaminases and alkaline phosphatase) plus a resting electrocardiogram (EG) and a complete (slit lamp) ophthalmologic examination were also carried out at weeks-4 and 12. During the treatment period lovastatin dosage was adjusted from 20 mg/day to 40 or 80 mg/day, if the TC value was greater than 200 mg/dL, with the resulting mean daily increasing doses of 28 mg (weeks 0-4), 37 mg (weeks 4-8), and 55 mg (weeks 8-12).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Lovastatin: short-term treatment of hypercholesterolemia; multicenter clinical trial]. 229 16

A non-competitive sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitation of apolipoprotein B with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies was developed. Polyclonal antibodies were used as 'coater'. In the assay with polyclonal antibodies, the same antibody was used as conjugate with alkaline phosphatase. For studies with monoclonal antibodies, enzyme conjugated anti-mouse immunoglobulin had to be used, since monoclonal antibodies lost their reactivity upon enzyme conjugation. Two murine monoclonal antibodies were employed: MAB B-1 with specificity for apolipoproteins (Apo) B-48 and B-100 and MAB B-5 with specificity for B-100 (Radioimmunoassay Inc.). In a reference group Apo B values of 0.82 +/- 0.20 g/l were measured with polyclonal antibodies, 0.68 +/- 0.19 g/l and 0.95 +/- 0.33 g/l with MAB B-1 and MAB B-5. In pure hypercholesterolemia, a similar increase was found with all three antibodies, while in combined hyperlipoproteinemia MAB B-5 gave greater than 40% lower values. Differences were also found with respect to the correlation between Apo B and cholesterol or triglycerides.
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PMID:Quantitation of apolipoprotein B by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. 241 57

The efficacy and safety of 20 mg simvastatin (a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor) and of 16 g cholestyramine daily in the treatment of 34 hypercholesterolaemic patients have been compared after dietary treatment and stratified randomization. The effect of combined treatment with the two drugs was studied in 5 patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia. After 6 weeks of treatment the simvastatin group showed a significantly greater (p less than 0.05) decrease in the mean total plasma cholesterol concentration from 7.88 to 5.48 mmol/l than in the cholestyramine group in whom there was a fall from 7.82 to 6.73 mmol/l. Simvastatin decreased the mean plasma LDL cholesterol concentration from 6.07 to 3.76 mml/l and cholestyramine decreased it from 6.16 to 4.46 mmol/l. Simvastatin also reduced the mean plasma total triglycerides by 24%, VLDL triglycerides by 20% and VLDL cholesterol by 36%, while cholestyramine led to increases in these parameters by 64%, 85% and 63%, respectively. Mean plasma HDL cholesterol concentration and the subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol were significantly increased by simvastatin. Simvastatin and cholestyramine reduced the mean plasma apolipoprotein B concentration by 28% and 13%, respectively. The mean plasma apolipoprotein A-I concentration was significantly higher only on simvastatin treatment. Simvastatin did not cause any subjective or objective side effects, while cholestyramine caused gastrointestinal problems in 31% of patients. Small increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (S-ALT) activity were seen with both drugs. Cholestyramine significantly raised the serum alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) although to a level still within the normal range. It is concluded that 20 mg simvastatin was more effective than 16 g cholestyramine in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparative effects of simvastatin and cholestyramine in treatment of patients with hypercholesterolaemia. 250 17

Normal reference values for total serum protein, albumin, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and total bilirubin were established in 48 clinically healthy woodchucks. To validate the use of these biochemical tests in the woodchuck for assessment of liver injury, carbon tetrachloride was administered to produce hepatocellular necrosis and the common bile duct was surgically occluded to produce cholestasis. Biochemical tests were performed prior to experimental treatment and thereafter in surviving woodchucks for a period of 6 weeks. There were marked increases in the serum activities of AST, ALT, and SDH following carbon tetrachloride administration and all 3 enzymes appeared to be useful markers of acute hepatocellular injury. The predominate biochemical abnormalities in woodchucks with bile duct obstruction were hyperbilirubinemia, hypercholesterolemia and increased serum AP and GGT activities. The increase of GGT occurred earlier following bile duct obstruction and the magnitude of increase was greater than that of AP, suggesting that GGT would be the preferred serum enzyme test in the woodchuck for assessment of cholestatic liver injury.
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PMID:Laboratory assessment of hepatic injury in the woodchuck (Marmota monax). 286 72

Partial ileal bypass (PIB) surgery is a method for the treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia in man. Since the rabbit is frequently used as an animal model in experimental studies on PIB, we have investigated the long-term effects of this surgical procedure on the health status of rabbits. Forty-eight weeks after surgery plasma and liver cholesterol levels were decreased by about 40%. The inner diameter of the bypassed ileum was drastically reduced, unlike its length. The bypassed segment did not show clear histological abnormalities. The microflora of the caecum was similar in control and PIB rabbits. PIB did not influence liver histology. The bile of the rabbits with PIB was less lithogenic than that of control animals. Blood haemoglobin levels, haematocrit values and plasma concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase were not changed after PIB. Plasma levels of albumin, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin B12 and folic acid were not significantly affected by PIB. Rabbits with PIB had significantly higher plasma levels of bilirubin and zinc than control rabbits, but plasma vitamin E concentrations were significantly lower. These results may be of importance for further studies on the effects of PIB in rabbits.
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PMID:Long-term effects of partial ileal bypass on the health status of rabbits. 370 23

A lethal syndrome characterized clinically by growth retardation, progressive acrodermatitis, chronic pyoderma and paronychia, diarrhea, pneumonia, and abnormal behavior was observed in 17 related Bull Terrier pups. Median survival time was 7 months. Laboratory evaluation revealed non-degenerative neutrophilia, consistently low activities of serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase, and frequently, hypercholesterolemia. Lymphocyte blastogenic responses were decreased and there was dysgammaglobulinemia in pups in which quantitative studies of immunoglobulins were made. The mean of plasma zinc concentrations in 5 affected pups was significantly lower than the mean of age- and breed-matched controls. Pathologic findings included parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, and superficial bacterial infections of the skin. There was severe reduction of lymphocytes in T-lymphocyte areas of lymphoid tissue. Bronchopneumonia and dilatation of the cerebral ventricles were found in most affected pups. Family studies indicated that the syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. In spite of its similarities to lethal trait A46 in Black Pied Danish cattle and acrodermatitis enteropathica in man, oral or parenteral treatment with zinc failed to ameliorate the clinical signs of the syndrome.
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PMID:Lethal acrodermatitis in bull terriers. 371 Aug 72

Five patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and prolonged cholestasis underwent intensive plasmapheresis. The indications for plasmapheresis included intractable pruritus or hypercholesterolemia and xanthomatous neuropathy. Patients noted a rapid improvement of pruritus and fatigue which was sustained as long as plasmapheresis was continued. Cholesterol levels were lowered an average of 10.3 mmol/l and xanthomata were reduced in three of four patients. Two patients with painful neuropathy caused by xanthomata experienced relief of this symptom. The liver and spleen size were not affected by plasmapheresis, and activities of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and titres of mitochondrial antibody remained unchanged. We conclude that plasmapheresis has a role in the therapeutic management of patients with advanced primary biliary cirrhosis who are disabled by the complications of pruritus, xanthomatous neuropathy, or hypercholesterolemia with xanthoma formation.
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PMID:Role of plasmapheresis in primary biliary cirrhosis. 397 76

Cardiac rupture occurs in 10 per cent of patients who die with acute myocardial infarction, but the pathogenesis remains unclear. Twenty randomly selected patients with cardiac rupture were reviewed retrospectively at autopsy, and the findings were compared with those of 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects who had died of acute transmural myocardial infarction without rupture. The times from the onset of chest pain to death were similar in the two groups (5.7 +/- 5.8 days for patients with rupture versus 4.2 +/- 4.9 days for control subjects), and there were no differences in the incidences of systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, history of myocardial infarction, or angina pectoris. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was different in the two groups, with 55 per cent of the patients with cardiac rupture having single-vessel disease and 70 per cent of the patients without cardiac rupture having disease in three vessels. Additionally, the incidence of thrombosis was greater in patients with cardiac rupture than in those without. The inflammatory cell response in each patient was quantitated microscopically (number and type of leukocytes) in ten high-power fields. The inflammatory response was greater in patients with cardiac rupture. The number of eosinophils in the inflammatory response was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater in hearts associated with cardiac rupture (29.5 +/- 4 per cent) than in control hearts (11.7 +/- 3.1 per cent). It is postulated that eosinophils rich in arylsulfatase B, peroxidase, glucuronidase, beta-glycerophosphatase, major basic protein, and eosinophilic cationic protein may further weaken the necrotic myocardium and, in part, determine whether acute myocardial infarction will eventually result in cardiac rupture.
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PMID:Association of eosinophils with cardiac rupture. 399 34

Hypercholesterolemia, produced in rabbits after long-term feeding with cholesterol, was accompanied by an increase in activity of alkaline phosphatase and LDH in blood serum as well as by a decrease in activity of intracellular dehydrogenases of lymphocytes. After hemosorption content of cholesterol and activity of blood serum enzymes were decreased; activity of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase tended to decrease.
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PMID:[Determination of the serum enzyme and dehydrogenase activity of circulating lymphocytes during hemosorption in dietary hypercholesterolemia]. 400 56


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