Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Functional abnormalities of the liver uncovered during preoperative routine evaluation were analyzed in 109 donor candidates for 100 cases of living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) performed during the period from June, 1990 to May, 1994 at the Second Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital. High serum transaminase (GOT, GPT) levels were noted in 10 (9.2%) cases among 109 candidates, high alkaline phosphatase in 4 (3.7%), hyperbilirubinemia in 3 (2.8%), anemia in 3 and high choline esterase in 3 cases. Positive hepatitis C antibody (HCV) was also noted in 1 case. Fatty liver was detected in 10 (9.2%) cases, cholecystitis in 2 cases, 1 case each of cyst and calcification in the liver by diagnostic imaging (ultra sonograph and/or computed tomography). These abnormalities of the liver necessitated replacing the initial candidate with the other parent in 9 cases, including 1 case without any functional abnormality whose graft liver was too large to fit the recipient abdominal cavity. There were 14 cases of ABO blood type incompatible combination. Switching the initial candidate due to these abnormalities mentioned above resulted in incompatible combinations in 4 of these 14 cases. Although the advantages of the LRLT are the superior viability of the donor graft and the genetic histocompatibility between recipient and donor, to optimize the advantage of LRLT, all donor candidates should be strongly advised to make every effort preoperatively to improve their physical condition in preparation for the LRLT protocol, since many of these abnormalities are typically reversible.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of functional abnormalities uncovered during preoperative evaluation of donor candidates for living-related liver transplantation. 774 84

Thirty-two consecutive patients with a histological diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis were examined with liver biopsy, laboratory tests and ultrasonography of the hepato-duodenal ligament to investigate the possible correlation between enlarged lymph nodes in the hepato-duodenal ligament and biochemical activity, histological activity and/or humoral immunoreactivity. We found a significant correlation between lymph-node size and serum alkaline phosphatase in the total material. In the hepatitis C-virus-associated group of patients a significant correlation between the size of the lymph nodes and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was found. In the autoimmune group there was a trend towards a negative correlation between lymph-node size and albumin.
 ...
PMID:Ultrasound, hepatic lymph nodes and chronic active hepatitis. 781 4

The clinicopathologic features, the natural history, and the prognostic indicators of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver disease in renal allograft recipients have not been well defined. Among 220 renal allograft recipients, 21 were seropositive for HCV RNA, which persisted on prospective follow-up for 40 months. Elevations in alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were noted after renal transplantation in 15 (71.4%) and 9 (42.9%) patients, respectively, with 11 (52.4%) showing recurrent or persistent abnormalities. Mortality from liver failure was noted in 1 patient. Persistence of abnormal liver biochemistry was associated with an early onset of biochemical derangement after transplantation, and a longer dialysis duration (P < 0.05). HCV-related liver pathology was assessed in 13 patients by histologic scoring with respect to "hepatitic activity," "bile duct damage," and "architectural abnormality," adding up to a "total" score. Six (46.2%) of 13 initial liver biopsies showed significant chronic liver disease. Liver histology correlated with mean alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels after renal transplantation, and was more severe in patients with persistent biochemical abnormalities. Early onset of abnormal liver biochemistry after transplantation and persistently abnormal biochemistry were independent predictors of worse total and activity scores (P < 0.05). Renal transplant recipients demonstrated lower activity scores when compared with nonimmunosuppressed subjects with chronic hepatitis C (P = 0.03). HCV RNA was detectable in all 23 liver specimens tested. We conclude that significant, potentially life-threatening liver pathology manifests in about half of renal transplant recipients with chronic HCV infection. Liver histology correlates with the longitudinal biochemical profile. Patients with early onset of biochemical abnormalities and persistently deranged liver biochemistry are at risk of developing severe liver disease.
 ...
PMID:Clinicopathologic features of hepatitis C virus infection in renal allograft recipients. 797 39

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in hemodialysis patients, as determined by antibody assays and qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of serum HCV RNA. To further characterize HCV infection in this population, we measured the viral load in infected hemodialysis patients by a quantitative, competitive PCR assay (QC-PCR) for HCV RNA. Hepatitis C virus RNA levels were correlated with serologic, biochemical, and demographic features of a cohort of hemodialysis patients. Sera from 208 hemodialysis patients were screened for HCV RNA (5' conserved region) by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and HCV-specific antibody. Forty-four patients were antibody positive (21%); among these patients, 34 (77%) were HCV RNA positive. No viremic, seronegative patients were identified. Hepatitis C virus RNA levels quantitated by QC-PCR ranged from 3 x 10(5) to 10(8) molecules of HCV RNA/mL. Male patients had significantly higher mean and median HCV RNA levels (10(7) molecules/mL) compared with female patients (3.6 x 10(6) molecules/mL and 3 x 10(6) molecules/mL, respectfully; P = 0.02). No other demographic or clinical feature of this cohort correlated with HCV RNA levels. Intravenous drug abuse was the most frequently identified risk factor (29% of seropositive patients) for infection with HCV in this population. No association between HCV RNA levels and hepatic enzyme levels (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase) was apparent. Hepatitis C virus infection is highly prevalent in our hemodialysis population, and hemodialysis patients, particularly males, have high levels of HCV in serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Quantitation of hepatitis C viral RNA in sera of hemodialysis patients: gender-related differences in viral load. 797 21

This study was conducted to determine and compare serum trace metal levels in viral hepatitis-associated chronic liver disease. Of 98 patients aged 43 (+/- 13) [mean (+/- SD)] years, 83 (85%) were seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 15 (15%) were seropositive for anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV). Twenty-five patients had chronic persistent hepatitis, 32 chronic active hepatitis, 21 post-necrotic cirrhosis, and 20 hepatocellular carcinoma. Determination of fasting serum trace metal levels (zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) was performed after the patients had been on a 2-day diet containing 10-12 mg zinc/day. Compared to healthy volunteers (n = 30), serum zinc levels were significantly decreased in patients with chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (P < or = 0.0001), and copper levels were significantly elevated only in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (P < 0.0001). The overall serum levels of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were within normal ranges, and levels of calcium and magnesium correlated with serum zinc (P = 0.01-0.03). Serum zinc levels correlated with bilirubin, albumin, and cholesterol (P = 0.0004 < or = 0.0001), but not with daily urinary zinc excretion. Serum copper levels correlated with alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase (P = 0.008-0.0001). These results suggested that changes in liver cell pathology compounded by functional impairment may alter the metabolism of trace metals, in particular, zinc and copper. The possible relationship of these changes to the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Serum trace metals in chronic viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Thailand. 800 May 10

Due to the short period of the time elapsed since its existence has been described, and the difficulty for its diagnosis, contagiousness of hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis, together with the need of specific measures to avoid its transmission in units where this therapy is performed--similar to the ones adopted with hepatitis B--are still under discussion. A group of thirty patients, dialyzed in the same unit and by the same staff personnel has been studied. All staff members and 29 of the patients were anti-HCV negative. Only one patient was anti-HCV positive, showing at the same time a persistent raise of transaminases and having received previously 12 blood transfusions. On a monthly basis serology for HCV, transaminases GT and alkaline phosphatase were evaluated. Follow-up period has oscillated between 6 and 22 months, mean 14.07 +/- 6.23 months. 53.3% of patients were over a year follow-up, and 43% were over 6 months. A patient died, two were transplanted and a fourth one was lost to follow-up after more than one year. All the transfusions performed in this period (done to six patients) have been checked negative for antibodies anti-HCV. Only an episode of raise in transaminases has been detected during this study, with no serological-conversion to any of the studied virus and with a probable drug-related origin. All negative anti-HCV patients have stayed in the same status. We concluded that HCV shows low contagiousness in hemodialysis. Regular cleaning measures within the Unit seems to be enough to prevent the disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[The low contagiousness of the hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis]. 838 26

To determine the most prevalent forms of hepatitis in intravenous heroin addicts, 389 addicts consecutively admitted to outpatient treatment clinics throughout California were tested for antibodies to hepatitis A (anti-HAV), B core (anti-HBc), B surface (anti-HBs), C (anti-HCV), D (anti-HDV), and B surface antigen (HBsAg). The majority were also tested for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, globulins, albumin, and platelet count. The seroprevalence of each marker was: anti-HAV (40.7%); anti-Hbc (73.6%); anti-HBs (46.7%); anti-HCV (93.6%); anti-HDV (9.6%), and HBsAg (3.5%). No single case was positive for IgM, anti-HAV, or for both HBsAg and anti-HDV, indicating the presence of recent hepatitis A or hepatitis D infection. Abnormal liver enzymes, serum proteins, total bilirubin, and platelet count were found to be normal in 5.3 to 44.8% of anti-HCV cases indicating persistent infection. Among anti-HCV cases, elevated total bilirubin or a low platelet count was invariably associated with one or more liver enzyme and protein abnormalities. We conclude that while acute hepatitis may be frequent and caused by various viral types, hepatitis C is the primary form of chronic hepatitis found in intravenous heroin addicts. Almost half of hepatitis C cases demonstrate liver function abnormalities indicating persistent infection that has the potential to be contagious and progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Seroprevalence of hepatitis A, B, C, and D markers and liver function abnormalities in intravenous heroin addicts. 855 78

Nonisotopic in situ cytohybridization of HCV RNA was attempted in liver specimens from 12 chronically hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients. Oligonucleotides deduced from 5'-noncoding and core regions of the HCV genome were labeled with digoxigenin and used on paraformaldehyde-fixed frozen liver sections. The hybrids were visualized immunohistochemically with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-digoxigenin and alkaline phosphatase substrate. These findings were correlated with the results of tissue immunohistochemistry for HCV antigens identified with specific mouse monoclonal antibodies developed against c22-3 antigen (Ag), a core-encoded protein, and c100-3 Ag, a NS4-encoded protein, and histologic assessment of each liver. HCV RNA detected in the above assay was predominantly cytoplasmic; it was detected in all 12 patients and in none of the controls. Tissue HCV RNA was associated with the presence of cytoplasmic (c100-3 Ag) and membrane (c22-3 Ag) expression of viral proteins in all 9 patients with histological evidence of chronic progressive liver disease as judged by the presence of piecemeal necrosis, and lobular and portal tract inflammation. Despite the presence of abundant HCV RNA, none of 3 patients without histological evidence of chronic liver disease showed intrahepatocyte expression of viral proteins. These findings support the view that tissue HCV antigens are markers of progressive damage and demonstrate that active liver disease does not occur without such markers. It is proposed that synthesis of viral proteins and membrane accumulation of c22-3 Ag may be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatocyte injury in chronic hepatitis C infection.
 ...
PMID:Demonstration and distribution of HCV RNA sequences by in situ hybridization and HCV-related proteins by immunohistochemistry in the liver tissue of patients with chronic HCV infection. 872 5

We tested the sera of 67 consecutive patients for hepatitis G virus (HGV) RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These patients (42 males and 25 females, median age 35 years, range 13-64 years) had liver disease of unknown aetiology and were without markers of hepatitis (A-E) viruses or signs of genetically determined, autoimmune, alcoholic or drug-induced liver disease. The controls in this study were 110 patients (50 females and 60 males, median age 45 years, range 9-65 years) with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (19 patients) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (91 patients). Ten of 67 (14.9%) patients with cryptogenic disease were positive for HGV RNA by at least three separate tests; HGV RNA was also detected in one of 19 (5.3%) hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers and in nine of 91 (16.6%) patients with antibody to HCV. These data suggest that HGV occurs as frequently in HCV-infected patients as in those with cryptogenic disease. Elevated serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) (higher than twice the normal value) and alkaline phosphatase levels were found in eight of 10 (80%) HGV RNA positive patients and in six of 57 (10.5%) HGV RNA negative patients (P < 0.0001). Five (50%) HGV RNA positive patients had non-specific inflammatory bile duct lesions. A statistically significant difference was observed between HGV RNA positive and negative patients with chronic HBV or HCV infections (P < 0.029). Therefore, the spectrum of liver disease associated with HGV is wide, but a characteristic lesion of the bile duct leading to elevation of cholestatic enzymes might be specific for this virus.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis G virus RNA in the serum of patients with elevated gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase: a specific liver disease? [corrected]. 894 81

Interferon (IFN) therapy is of proven efficacy in chronic hepatitis C, but it is not universally effective and is often limited by side effects. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant widely used in organ transplantation. We conducted a pilot study to determine whether CsA therapy could affect aminotransferase activity and hepatitis C virus RNA levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Cyclosporine A was administered to 10 patients (mean age of 59 years; male:female = 9:1) who did not respond to IFN therapy previously and who had elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values for at least 6 months. All patients were positive for HCV-RNA by RT-PCR with genotype 1b. Their mean duration of hepatitis was 15 years. Oral CsA was given for 3 months in a dose that was increased at 1 month intervals from 1.5-2.0 to 2.0-3.0 and 3.0-4.0 mg/kg per day. All patients completed the treatment schedule, although two patients developed mild non-symptomatic hypertension. Serum ALT levels gradually decreased in all but one patient. The mean percentage decrease was 59.5% at the end of therapy (from 153 +/- 82 to 62 +/- 48 IU/L; P < 0.02). The ALT levels fell to the normal range in five patients, although once therapy was discontinued the enzyme levels tended to return to pretreatment levels. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and g-glutamyl transpeptidase levels similarly decreased. The serum HCV-RNA titre, determined by competitive RT-PCR, did not change in any patient throughout the study period. There were no appreciable alterations in other laboratory tests, such as serum creatinine levels and lymphocyte subsets, except for an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase levels. These findings suggest that CsA, even in a relatively low dose, reduces serum aminotransferase levels without serious side effects in patients with chronic hepatitis C, although an antiviral effect was not noted.
 ...
PMID:Cyclosporine therapy affects aminotransferase activity but not hepatitis C virus RNA levels in chronic hepatitis C. 907 26


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>