Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A hydrazone-based method for conjugating synthetic nucleic acids and reporter molecules for use as nonradioactive hybridization probes is presented. Oligonucleotides complementary to the hepatitis B virus were derivatized at their 5' ends with hydrazine or homobifunctional acyl hydrazides. These derivatives reacted facilely with aldehydes to give hydrazones, which were characterized by uv spectroscopy and HPLC. Coupling of aldehyde-modified alkaline phosphatase with carbohydrazide-oligonucleotide derivatives provided a mixture of two enzyme-nucleic acid conjugates in 80-85% yield. The conjugates had a 1:1 and a 2:1 oligonucleotide/enzyme ratio, respectively, and were separated by ion-exchange chromatography. Both conjugates were able to detect 7 amol of target DNA in 1 h, using a colorimetric assay. In contrast, oligonucleotide-horseradish peroxidase conjugates were 40-fold lower in sensitivity of detection.
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PMID:Synthesis of 5'-oligonucleotide hydrazide derivatives and their use in preparation of enzyme-nucleic acid hybridization probes. 272 79

The purpose of this study is to determine liver size in normal Thai school children aged 6 to 11 years, using both the clinical and ultrasonographic methods. Normal value of serum alkaline phosphatase in this age-group is also obtained. To confirm that liver function is normal, serum alanine transaminase and hepatitis B virus profile were performed. One hundred and fifty-nine normal children from Phyathai School were included in the study. They were divided into 5 age-groups: 6-7, 7-8, 8-9, 9-10 and 10-11 years. Six children were found to be asymptomatic HBsAg carriers (3.8%) and were excluded from the analysis. Mean liver sizes examined separately by two pediatricians were not significantly different, they were 8.47, 9.32, 10.06, 9.64 and 9.38 cm respectively, whereas those obtained by the ultrasonogram were 9.37, 9.17, 9.71, 10.57 and 10.21 cm respectively. Liver was palpable in 15.7 per cent of the children and liver edge did not exceed 2 cm below right costal margin. The mean value of serum alkaline phosphatase, obtained by the automate method, in these children was 223.1 unit/litre and in 97.3 per cent of them, the value did not exceed 350 unit/litre. The results of this study showed that liver size obtained clinically is comparable to size determined by ultrasonogram. Liver size in school children does not increase with age but tends to increase with body weight and height of the children.
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PMID:Liver size and serum alkaline phosphatase in normal Thai school-aged children. 273 55

We compared the sensitivity of a chemiluminescent substrate 3-(2'-spiroadamantane)-4-methoxy-4-(3"-phosphoryloxy)phenyl- 1,2-dioxetane (AMPPD) and a chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate/nitroblue tetrazolium (BCIP/NBT) for detection of an alkaline phosphatase label in a hepatitis B virus "core antigen" DNA (HBVc) probe hybridization assay. Chemiluminescent signal obtained from AMPPD hydrolysis by alkaline phosphatase was detected with Polaroid Instant Black and White Type 612 film. The chemiluminescent assay detected 1.18 x 10(6) copies of HBVc plasmid DNA in 30 min. By comparison, 9.8 x 10(7) copies of DNA could be measured using chromogenic BCIP/NBT substrate within the same incubation time. After further development, the chemiluminescent endpoint permitted detection of 4.39 x 10(4) copies of HBVc plasmid DNA in 2 h.
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PMID:A comparison of chemiluminescent and colorimetric substrates in a hepatitis B virus DNA hybridization assay. 281 49

The amino acid composition of the major duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) core particle proteins was determined. The results of this analysis indicated that cores are composed of a single major protein that initiates translation from the second available AUG in the DHBV core gene. Proteins isolated from core particles purified from the cytoplasm of DHBV-infected duck hepatocytes exhibited heterogeneity in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, independent of the stage of viral DNA maturation. Incubation of native cores with alkaline phosphatase removed this heterogeneity, indicating that phosphorylation of external amino acids was responsible. Core protein isolated from mature DHBV purified from serum of infected animals did not display heterogeneity, suggesting a possible role for dephosphorylation in virus maturation.
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PMID:Characterization of the major duck hepatitis B virus core particle protein. 291 84

Clinical data and histologic sections of the liver, including immunohistochemical studies for hepatitis B surface and core antigens, were reviewed in 42 autopsy cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Hepatomegaly, elevation of serum transaminases, and mild elevation of alkaline phosphatase were commonly observed clinical and biochemical abnormalities. Mildly elevated alkaline phosphatase and normal bilirubin levels were present in patients with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) infection, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Histologic sections demonstrated liver involvement by MAI in eight cases; KS in six cases; cryptococcus in three cases; and CMV in two cases. One case of MAI infection was associated with marked central vein sclerosis, a finding previously unreported. Thirty-two (76%) of 42 cases had serologic or pathologic evidence of hepatitis exposure. Two patients had histologic evidence of chronic active hepatitis. The pathologic processes involving the liver appeared to be secondary to the infections and neoplasms for which this population is susceptible and did not significantly contribute to morbidity or mortality. No findings specific or pathognomic for AIDS were identified in the liver.
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PMID:Clinical and pathologic findings of the liver in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). 298 50

Liver disease, although usually asymptomatic, is a frequent accompaniment of AIDS. Hepatomegaly and macrosteatosis are prevalent but non-specific findings. Evidence of remote hepatitis B virus infection is extremely common; however, the HBsAg carrier state, chronic active hepatitis, or cirrhosis occur no more frequently in AIDS patients than in the general population. Opportunistic intrahepatic infections (such as MAI, fungi, and CMV) or neoplasms (such as lymphoma or KS) usually reflect a disseminated process; liver involvement generally does not directly cause morbidity or result in death. Although biochemical liver tests are commonly elevated in the AIDS population, alkaline phosphatase has proved to be the most specific enzyme for infiltrative processes. Percutaneous liver biopsy has a high diagnostic yield, although the treatment options are currently limited. Acalculous cholecystitis and biliary tract obstruction have been recently described and probably result from CMV and/or cryptosporidial infection. Radiologic features of papillary stenosis and/or sclerosing cholangitis have been demonstrated. In contrast to hepatic parenchymal disease, these entities may be amenable to surgical or endoscopic therapeutic maneuvers.
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PMID:Hepatobiliary abnormalities of AIDS. 304 66

Up to 30% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) suffer from Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS). The histogenesis and neoplastic nature of this tumor is still controversial. We have established cell cultures of KS biopsies from 7 patients with AIDS. All donors were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus I (HIV-I), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). The tumors were histologically shown to be KS. Cell cultures derived from these tumors all expressed the endothelial cell marker BMA 120 antigen. Most of these cultures were positive for acetylated low-density lipoprotein (acLDL) uptake and alkaline phosphatase (AP) expression, and negative for factor-VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAg). The staining pattern was heterogeneous with respect to number of endothelial cell markers expressed in each culture. We conclude from subcloning experiments that the cultured cells cease to express acLDL receptor and AP, but not the antigen detected by the monoclonal antibody (MAb) BMA 120. The cells grew well in culture up to 50 passages and showed a fibroblast-like morphology. Assays performed to investigate their degree of malignancy revealed a significantly increased passage number under reduced serum conditions as compared to normal fibroblasts but no tumor formation in nude mice. Neither HIV, HBV nor CMV sequences were found in any of the cell lines tested. We conclude that AIDS-KS is an endothelial-cell-derived neoplasm of low malignancy and that HIV, HBV and CMV are not directly involved in its genesis.
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PMID:Cultured, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma cells express endothelial cell markers and are weakly malignant in vitro. 314 Dec 99

A series of 150 patients with serum hepatitis were examined for the incidence of the Australia antigen (HBsAg) and associations with ABO blood groups, haptoglobin types and occurrence of intestinal serum alkaline phosphatase. Among the patients studied 11.3% were positive for HBsAg. When compared to controls patients with blood group O showed a significantly increased risk for serum hepatitis (p less than 0.05), while those with group B showed a decreased risk (p less than 0.01). The presence of the intestinal fraction of alkaline phosphatase showed a negative association with serum hepatitis (p less than 0.01) and there was no significant association between alkaline phosphatase types and ABO groups among the patients. The frequency of the Hp1 gene was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) among the patients as compared to controls.
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PMID:ABO blood groups, intestinal alkaline phosphatase and haptoglobin types in patients with serum hepatitis. 324 77

The long-term follow-up of 80 heart transplant patients (70 men, 10 women) from January 1982 to July 1985 who had received cyclosporine (CsA) showed a high incidence of mild to severe liver dysfunction. Fifty patients (62.5%) had long-lasting postoperative biological disturbances (alanine amino transferase greater than 2N and/or alkaline phosphatase greater than 1.5N for 3 months or more). Most patients were asymptomatic; eight were icteric, and one had arthralgia. The most common biological feature consisted of isolated elevation of ALAT (27 cases). Assessment of causes led to a definite etiology in 42 patients: 7 cardiac failure, 13 HBsAg-positive liver disease (26%) (chronic persistent hepatitis 8, chronic active hepatitis 2, subacute necrosis 2). Fourteen patients (28%) sustained non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis (chronic persistent hepatitis 5, chronic active hepatitis 1, cirrhosis 1), and 7 (14%) sustained a drug-related hepatitis. Liver biopsy and complete virus screening was contributive to the diagnosis in nearly all patients. Additionally, prolonged impairment of liver function tests occurred in 62% of heart transplant recipients, mostly during the first 6 postoperative months. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and NANB hepatitis accounted for 26% and 28% of the cases of liver dysfunction, respectively; drug-induced hepatitis may have been involved in 14% of the cases. Complete hepatitis virus screening should be performed before heart transplant and in any case of abnormal liver function posttransplantation. HBV vaccination prior to heart transplant is recommended in HBsAg- and HBcAb-negative candidates for heart replacement. Long-term follow-up of these patients is mandatory to assess the severity of these liver dysfunctions.
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PMID:Prevalence and causes of long-lasting hepatic dysfunction after heart transplantation: a series of 80 patients. 329 31

In order to evaluate geographical differences in the liver pathology of ducks infected with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), ducks in Chiba and Shimane, Japan, and Shanghai, China, were investigated. The numbers (DHBV positive/negative) and the maximum age of the ducks examined were 18/10 at 19 mo, 15/1 at 3 yr 4 mo, and 72/27 at 18 mo, respectively. DHBV infection was induced experimentally in ducks from Chiba and Shimane but was present congenitally in those from Shanghai. Ducks were examined regarding liver function tests, conventional histology, immunohistology, electron microscopy, and molecular hybridization for DHBV DNA in the serum and liver. There was no significant difference between DHBV-positive and -negative ducks in bilirubin and transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the sera. Histologically, while the livers of ducks from Chiba and Shimane did not show necroinflammatory (hepatitis) activity, those from Shanghai frequently did (52.5%). Necroinflammatory activity of the Shanghai ducks was present almost equally in both DHBV-positive and -negative livers. The livers of Shanghai ducks but not the other two areas often (8.3%) had ground-glass inclusions which corresponded ultrastructurally to numerous virus particles in the dilated cisternae of the proliferated endoplasmic reticulum. No advanced liver disease, such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, was observed. There was no significant difference in the amount of DHBV DNA in the sera or in its pattern in the liver tissue among ducks of the three areas. In addition, the livers of Chiba ducks frequently had amyloidosis, while those of Shanghai ducks were contaminated with parasites. In conclusion, DHBV infection did not appear to provoke significant hepatitis activity or advanced liver disease in the examined ducks of all three areas, and the DHBV-positive livers from Shanghai ducks showed a different morphological appearance from those of the other two areas. This variation might reflect the difference in the strain of ducks, subtypes of DHBV, environmental factors, or a combination of these influences.
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PMID:Geographical pathology of duck livers infected with duck hepatitis B virus from Chiba and Shimane in Japan and Shanghai in China. 334 10


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