Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) is a sensitive but nonspecific index hepatobiliary disease. In infectious mononucleosis (IM) or the mononucleosis-like disease attributable to cytomegalovirus (cytomegalovirus-induced IM), GGTP reverted to normal later than aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. In three cases elevated serum GGTP activity persisted for up to 24 months -- raising the question of persistent 'post-IM' hepatitis. Such prolonged GGTP activity was unusual in other late IM specimens. Possible, but unlikely, causes for such persistent GGTP activity are an unusual degree of hepatic damage during acute IM, excessive induction of microsomal enzyme system activity by drugs, or unusual Epstein-Barr virus carrier state activation that might contribute to ongoing hepatic structural damage. Other markers of chronic hepatocellular disease including aspartate aminotrasferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin were normal in late specimens from these 3 patients. The cause of their persistent elevated GGTP activities remains unknown.
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PMID:Late persistence of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity after mononucleosis. Report of 3 cases. 1 21

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) level was estimated in 132 patients with different liver diseases (chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, chronic alcholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis, cholestasis syndrome, fatty liver, Gilbert disease) and malignancies with and without liver involvement. The gamma-GT levels were compared with the values for serum bilirubin, transaminases (GOT, GPT) and alkaline phosphatase in the same patients. gamma-GT values were normal in chronic persistent hepatitis and increased in chronic active hepatitis. Very high activities were measured in chronic alcoholic cirrhosis in contrast to postnecrotic cirrhosis. gamma-GT proved to be more sensitive than alkaline phosphate as an index of cholestasis and liver involvement in malignancies. It is suggested that gamma-GT activity offers valuable aid in differential diagnostics of liver-diseases. gamma-GT being an inducible enzyme, its activity may be raised by enzyme inducing drugs also in subjects without liver disease.
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PMID:Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: its clinical significance. 2 44

In a group of 29 patients with mechanical icterus and a control group of 38 patients (acute, chronic hepatitis and hyperbilirubinemia) there have been followed up alkaline phosphatase, leucinaminopeptidase and gammaglutamil transpeptidase activities aiming to evaluate the value of gamma GT in differentiation of icterus of various etiology. Comparing the values of the examined cholestase enzymes in patients of obstructive icterus it could be seen that gamma GT was positive in the largest percentage of the diseased, (69,6%), then APH (89,7%) AND LAP (86,3%). Gamma GT has shown to be selective test for obstruction of hepatobiliary tract but it is not selective for discovering cause of obstruction. It can be explained by the fact that activity of gamma GT could be found both in mechanical icterus caused by calculosis or tumours (with a very high activity) and in patients with hepatitis with cholestatic component, although in the decresed activity.
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PMID:[The significance of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase determination in the differentiation of icterus of various etiologies]. 2 11

The interpretation of the morphological features of alcoholic hepatitis is discussed in terms of a comparison with the results of an ultrastructural and histoenzymological study of the liver biopsies of nine patients. In these patients liver biopsies were performed in the initial stage of the illness and fifteen days after five were re-biopsied, when the clinical and biological signs were improved. The correlations between morphological and biological data were good, especially for the levels of serological and histoenzymological alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase evaluations. However, when histological appearances had returned to normal, after two weeks of abstinence from alcohol several histological and ultrastructural features of the initial hepatitis persisted. The presence of evolving cirrhosis was a contributing factor to the severity of the changes seen. Morphologically, apart from the changes due to chronic alcoholic intoxication (steatosis, mitochondrial alteration), the hepatitic lesions comprise Mallory's bodies, cytoplasmic oedema and mitochondrial swelling. Cholestasis was invariably present. Histo-enzymologically there was a reduction in ATPase activity suggesting a metabolic failure in the energy producing pathways. In addition, in the periphery of lobules an active cirrhotic process was present, with tubular de-differentiation of hepatocytes and an increase in gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase on the cytoplasmic membrane. Because of the absence of any topographical relationship between hepatitis and cirrhosis, the presence of lymphocytes in the neighbourhood of the ductules suggested an indirect relationship between both processes, perhaps an autoimmune response initiated by Mallory's bodies.
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PMID:[The hepatocyte in acute alcoholic hepatitis. Histoenzymological and ultrastructural analysis (author's transl)]. 3 Oct 27

The clinical import of the serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) level was evaluted in 162 prospectively studied patients. GGTP is helpful in determining the origin of alkaline phosphatase (AP); it clearly separates increased AP of bone and placental origin from that of liver origin. The GGTP level closely parallels the AP level in most instances, but it may be more sensitive in detecting liver disease in anicteric patients. The finding of significantly increased GGTP in patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis as compared to normal levels found in chronic persistent hepatitis may provide a prognostic clue in cases of unresolved hepatitis. The apparent specificity and sensitivity of the GGTP test, combined with ease of performance and low expense, make it a valuable addition to the evaluation of a patient with hepatic disease.
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PMID:Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: its specificity and clinical value. 3 71

Long-term administration of quinidine was associated with persistent elevation of serum concentrations of SGOT, lactic acid dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase. Liver biopsy showed active hepatitis. Discontinuance of quinidine therapy led to normalization of liver function tests. A challenge dose of quinidine caused clinical symptoms and abrupt elevation of SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, and lactic acid dehydrogenase values. We concluded that this patient had quinidine hepatotoxicity and believe that this is the first case reported with liver biopsy documentation. This report also suggests that, even after long-term administration, the hepatic toxicity is reversible.
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PMID:Quinidine hepatitis. 4 62

Within the framework of a prospective study on the course and prognosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease begun in 1968, serial blind needle biopsies of the liver were carried out for the early establishment of liver involvement. In 201 needle biopsies taken in 114 patients with ulcerative colitis, normal findings were observed in 51, fatty infiltration in 24, and accompanying inflammation in 23, fatty infiltration together with a mesenchymal reaction in 8, fatty liver in 6 and sclerosing cholangitis and granulomatous hepatitis in 1 patient each. Of 69 needle biopsies taken in 45 patients with Crohn's disease we established normal findings in 13, an insignificant accompanying inflammation in 19, fatty infiltration in 5, granulomatous hepatitis in 3, fatty liver in 2, fatty liver together with a mesenchymal reaction in 2 and serum hepatitis in 1. Laboratory tests (alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, SGPT, BSP excretion) are not particularly suitable as screening tests. The diagnostic yield of serial blind needle biopsies of the liver is low and, despite the low-risk nature of the method, often dispensable. Laparoscopy, or at least blind needle biopsy of the liver, should be retained for the further clarification of serious deviations of laboratory values from the normal range, or of suspicious palpation findings.
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PMID:[Hepatic reaction in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. 4 40

Experimental duck virus hepatitis infection of 11-day-old white Pekin ducklings having specific maternal antibodies revealed significant changes in some biochemical constituents and enzymes of the serum during the 3 weeks following exposure. These changes included a marked decrease in the total proteins and the albumin fraction, together with a significant elevation in levels of alkaline phosphatase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, bilirubin, and creatinine. Most of these changes were attributed primarily to a deranged liver function associated with duck virus hepatitis infection.
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PMID:Effect of experimental duck virus hepatitis infection on some biochemical constituents and enzymes in the serum of white Pekin ducklings. 5 Aug 40

The determination of enzyme activity in serum for the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis has become increasingly popular. According to the author's experience serum aminotransferase is raised in about 100% of cases of chronic active hepatitis and also in active cirrhosis, but in only about 70--80% of persisting hepatitis or in moderately active chronic hepatitis. They are frequently normal in inactive cirrhosis. After aminotransferases the alkaline phosphatase is of great importance for the differential diagnosis of icterus. If aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase are determined at the same time, every cholestatic icterus can be diagnosed with certainty.
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PMID:[Clinical enzyme diagnosis in chronic hepatitis. Possibilities and limitations (author's transl)]. 10 40

The authors report 3 cases and report the diagnostic usefulness of two signs of minor cholestasis described by one of them in 1966. A relative increase, in the absence of obvious virus hepatitis or cirrhosis, of the serum bilirubin, cholesterol, lipids and alkaline phosphatase, together with B.S.P. excretion. suggest minor cholestasis. The sign of "metacritical aggravation" when there is some suspicion of minor cholestasis, the supervision of the course of the disease, or a retrospective inquiry, permit, in the presence of minor symptoms, such as, pain, fever, jaundice, or pruritus, one to make the diagnosis of minor cholestasis. The latter is due either to the presence of small gall stones in the common bile duct, or to inflammation of the ampulla of Vater, or sphincter of Oddi, a Vaterian ampulloma, pancreatitis, or following damage to the common bile duct. In practice, liver biopsy confirms the diagnosis, and intravenous cholangiography, by the perfusion method, is usually able to demonstrate obstruction of the common bile duct.
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PMID:[Relative increase and metacritic aggravation in the diagnosis of anicteric cholestasis]. 16 83


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