Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 34-year-old man was admitted with lumbago and anemia in November 1992. Hematological examination revealed an Hb 9.2g/dl, WBC count 13,500 microliters (33% blasts), and monocyte count 3,400/microliters. Bone marrow examination showed hyperplasia with dysplasia in trilineage blood cells and increased blasts (21.8%). A diagnosis of refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB in T) was made. Cytochemical examination revealed the neutrophils in the peripheral blood were 66.5% positive for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase inhibited by sodium fluoride, 4.0% positive for peroxidase and 75% positive for alkaline phosphatase. The results of immuno-alkaline phosphatase stainings (avidin biotin alkaline phosphatase complex method) of neutrophils were as follows; CD16 (94.5%), CD24 (91.0%), CD13 (93.0%), CD14 (52.5%), CD33 (39.0%), CD36 (16.5%), HLA-DR (17.0%). These neutrophils exhibited monocyte-specific features and failed to show characteristics of neutrophils.
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PMID:[CD14-positive and nonspecific esterase-positive neutrophils in a patient with refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation]. 750 51

We have developed a simple method to analyze the population of T cell receptor (TCR) gamma and delta chain variable (V) region subfamilies by the application of reverse dot blot hybridization, which was originally developed for the analysis of human HLA-DR polymorphism. The four oligonucleotides corresponding to each TCR-gamma V region subfamily and the six oligonucleotides to each TCR-delta V region gene were synthesized, and tailed with dTTP. The cDNA was amplified by ligation-mediated PCR in the presence of biotinylated deoxynucleotides. Hybridization between immobilized specific oligoprobes and biotinylated target DNA was nonradioactively detected by a reaction using alkaline phosphatase. The population of the V region subfamilies of TCR-gamma and -delta in PBL analyzed by reverse dot blot hybridization described here showed good correlations with the result of colony hybridization.
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PMID:Analysis of the population of human T cell receptor gamma and delta chain variable region subfamilies by reverse dot blot hybridization. 751 Jul 53

During a systematic cell surface antigen expression profile analysis of 76 primary childhood brain tumors (34 medulloblastomas/primitive neuroectodermal tumors and 42 astrocytomas), we employed the following library of monoclonal antibodies (MoABs): anti-Leu-2/a; anti-Leu-3/a; anti-Leu-M5; anti-Leu-11b; anti-HLA-A, -B, -C; anti-HLA-DR; anti-HLe-1 (leukocyte common antigen); and UJ 308. The MoABs identified the expression of various leukocyte-associated, lymphocyte cell line differentiated, cell surface antigens in childhood brain tumors. The antigens were detected with an indirect, biotin-streptavidin-conjugated alkaline phosphatase (AP) immunocytochemical technique. Leu-2/a+ cells comprise the significant CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) population of the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. CTLs are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I restricted, tumor-associated antigen-specific, cytotoxic cells and were identified in 58 of 76 (76.32%) brain tumors. CTLs usually represented 1-10% of all cells, but in some cases 30-44% of the cells were CD8+. CD4+, MHC class II restricted helper lymphocytes, detected with MoAB anti-Leu-3/a, were present in 65 of 76 (85.53%) brain tumors. Usually 1-10% of the observed cells reacted with MoAB anti-Leu 3/a. Macrophages (Leu-M5 antigen-positive cells) were expressed in 74 of 76 (97.37%) brain tumors. Their number also represented 1-10% of all observed cells in the frozen brain tumor sections. All 76 (100%) brain tumors contained cells that reacted positively with MoABs anti-HLA-A, -B, -C and anti-HLA-DR, demonstrating a strong MHC class I restriction of the tumor cell population and an overall leukocyte antigen expression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunophenotypic characterization of infiltrating polynuclear and mononuclear cells in childhood brain tumors. 761 61

We investigated the phenotypes of blast cells of 53 patients with acute leukemia by a modified streptavidin-biotin alkaline phosphatase (SAB-AP) labeling technique, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies [MoAb; anti-CD11b, CD13, CD14, CD33, CD34, CD41, CD3, CD7, CD10, CD19, anti-HLA-DR, and anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO)]. The selection of an optimal fixative solution for each antigen from five options of various combinations of formalin, acetone, methanol, and/or ethanol, successfully conserved cell morphology and improved specific reaction compared with the conventional methods which used a single fixative for multiple antigens. We compared the SAB-AP results with those obtained by flow cytometry (FCM) for surface markers in each case. High concordance rates for both positive and negative results were observed for each marker. However, positive reaction for some markers (anti-CD13, CD14, CD33, and CD34) were often noted only in the cytoplasm by the SAB-AP method, indicating that combination of these two methods is essential for the precise immunophenotyping of poorly differentiated leukemia cells.
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PMID:Usefulness of immunocytochemistry for phenotypical analysis of acute leukemia; improved fixation procedure and comparative study with flow cytometry. 771 39

An immunohistochemical analysis of skin biopsies was performed in 18 patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE), using the alkaline phosphatase and monoclonal anti-alkaline phosphatase method (APAAP). The study group was subdivided on the basis of clinical criteria into 10 patients with chronic discoid LE (CDLE) and eight patients with subacute cutaneous LE (SCLE). Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies the following results were obtained: (i) ICAM-1 was expressed on epidermal keratinocytes, dermal inflammatory cells, and endothelial cells in most biopsies, whereas LFA-1 was confined to the dermis. Attachments between keratinocytes or endothelial cells and activated T lymphocytes via ICAM-1/LFA-1 may be a possible mechanism of target/effector recognition in cutaneous LE. (ii) HLA-DR was expressed on epidermal keratinocytes and cells of the dermal infiltrate, but not on endothelial cells. HLA-DR+ cells probably function as antigen-presenting cells, leading to major histocompatibility complex-restricted cellular cytotoxicity in cutaneous LE. (iii) Interleukin 2 receptor expression on dermal inflammatory cells was weak, indicating non-specific activation of T lymphocytes. (iv) The dermal inflammatory cells were T lymphocytes, mainly of the helper/inducer subtype. B lymphocytes were rarely found in the dermis. In general, no significant immunohistochemical differences were found between CDLE and SCLE, suggesting that these variants represent clinical subtypes rather than different pathogenetic entities.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of chronic discoid and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus--relation to immunopathological mechanisms. 775 49

Monoclonal immunophenotyping of leukemia cells of the bone marrow was carried out by the method of rapid immune alkaline phosphatase (RIAP) in 30 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) aged 6 months-14 years. The authors used a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MCA) produced by Leu (Belgium) and DAKO (Denmark) directed to antigens of differentiation clusters: Tdt, HLA-DR, CD: 10, 19, 20, 22, 7, 8, 2, 5, 13, 33, 14. The results indicate diversity of compositions of differentiating antigens on leukemia cells of the dominant population and a different degree of leukemic cell pool heterogenicity. RIAP advantages over flow cytometry in immunotyping of ALL cells are shown. Arguments are provided in favor of introduction of broader MCA panel.
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PMID:[Monoclonal immunophenotyping of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in children using rapid immune alkaline phosphatase]. 802 82

The HLA typing, EBV-EBNA expression and the infiltration of T cell subsets in nasopharyngeal biopsies were investigated using APAAP (Alkaline phosphatase and anti-alkaline phosphatase) and anti-complement immunofluorescence method with a panel of monoclonal antibodies which are W6/32 (anti-HLA-A,B,C), CR3/43 (anti-HLA-DR, DP, DQ), serum from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC, anti-EBNA) and T4, T8, T11(anti-Th, Tc, T3, respectively). There were 25 cases of NPC, 10 of chronic nasopharyngitis (CNP), CNE-2Z cell line and transplants of CNE-2Z, NCN-Z-1 and fetal nasopharynx mucosa under detection. The results showed that the tumor cells of NPC expressed not only HLA-I but also HLA-II. The expression of HLA-II was stronger than that of HLA-I in NPC. The expression of HLA-I and II in epithelial cells of CNP was weak. There was a significant distinction between those groups (P < 0.05). The expression of HLA-I, II was the strongest in CNE-2Z smears and transplants in under mice of CNE-2Z, NCN-Z-1, both negative in fetal nasopharyngeal epithelial transplants. It suggested that HLA express abnormally during carcinogenesis, the cancer cells with HLA-II be not recognized by EBV specific T cells, hence escape from the immune surveillance. Also it demonstrated that the EBNA expression in the cancer cells of NPC was strongly positive, the cells of T3, Th, and Tc in NPC were decreased. It needs further study whether or not the EB virus infection can induce HLA phenotype changes in tumor cells and what the biological functions of HLA-II expression in tumor cells are.
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PMID:[The expression of HLA, Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen and the infiltration of T lymphocyte subsets in nasopharyngeal biopsy tissues]. 803 7

Histamine is a major mediator of the mast cells that are present between epithelial cells in asthma. In asthma, there is an increased expression of ICAM-1 and HLA-DR and an increased spontaneous release of fibronectin. The effect of histamine was tested on bronchial epithelial cells obtained by bronchial brushing from 22 nonasthmatic subjects. The activation of epithelial cells was assessed by immunocytochemical analysis of the expression of membrane markers (ICAM-1 and HLA-DR) using the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase method and the release of fibronectin (enzyme immunoassay). Time-response (three experiments) and dose-response (six experiments) curves showed that the maximal effect was obtained after an incubation time of 24 h and a dose of 1 microM of histamine. For this time course and concentration, there was a highly significant increase in the number of cells expressing ICAM-1 (before histamine: 10 +/- 11%; after histamine: 32 +/- 20%; P < 0.001) and HLA-DR (before histamine: 8 +/- 7%; after histamine: 23 +/- 20%; P < 0.001) and in the release of fibronectin (before histamine: 30 +/- 20 ng/10(5) viable cells; after histamine: 61 +/- 35 ng/10(5) viable cells; P < 0.003). Cycloheximide blocked these effects, suggesting that histamine requires protein synthesis for its action. Pyrilamine (H1-blocker) and ranitidine (H2-blocker) at a concentration of 10 microM decreased the effect of histamine. However, there was no additive effect when both antagonists were added. This study suggests that mast cells present in the airways have a role in the activation of epithelial cells.
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PMID:Activation by histamine of bronchial epithelial cells from nonasthmatic subjects. 810 36

Using the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique, plasma cells from multiple myeloma (MM, 23 cases), plasma cell leukemia (PCL, 2 cases) and reactive plasmacytosis (RP, 13 cases) were immunophenotyped with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (McAb). The results showed that McAbCD38 was strongly positive in high percentage of MM and RP cases and the CD9 was the next. 9/23 MM expressed CD10. Our results might indirectly support that CD10 is a malignant marker of MM with poor prognosis, a concept proposed by Durie. The results were (1) all RP but 1 acute monocytic leukemia related to RP were CD10 negative. (2) In our series 2 cases of plasma cell leukemia (PCL) expressed CD10; (3) 4 MM cases survived more than 2 years were CD10 negative. A few MM cases also expressed other surface markers of pre-B and B lymphocyte, such as CD19, CD20, CD22, HLA-DR, cytoplasmic mu chain. CD20 was positive in 4/21 MM and negative in all RP cases. 7/22 MM expressed HLA-DR, and 1/13 RP did so, among them there was a significant difference. HLA-DR seems to be another malignant marker of plasma cells. 1 MM expressed CD8, and 1 PCL highly expressed CD4 indicating PCL might be heterogeneous. Lymphoid stem cells may be involved in MM and PLC. We conclude that multiple myeloma cells have different immunophenotypes and CD10, CD20 and HLA-DR may help to differentiate MM from RP.
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PMID:[Preliminary study of immunophenotype of multiple myeloma cells]. 817 66

Highly purified populations of alveolar epithelial cells (type II pneumocytes) were isolated from human lung specimens. These cells were characterised histochemically, by demonstrating the presence of intracellular alkaline phosphatase, and morphologically, by electron microscopic demonstration of lamellar bodies and microvilli. Expression of the epithelial glycoprotein HEA-125, of MHC class I and class II (HLA-DR, -DP and -DQ) antigens and of the intercellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, LFA-3 and B7 was quantified by flow cytometry. Comparison was made between the expression of these molecules by isolated type II cells and by alveolar epithelium in normal human lung tissue after immunocytochemical staining of frozen sections of donor lung. Isolated type II pneumocytes expressed HEA-125 and class I MHC molecules and the class II MHC molecules HLA-DR and -DP; HLA-DQ was not detected. The intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1 was expressed constitutively at low levels but there was minimal expression of VCAM-1, LFA-3 and B7. It was not possible to differentiate type II cells from the predominant type I pneumocytes on frozen sections. Alveolar epithelium expressed HEA-125, class I MHC antigens, the class II molecules HLA-DR, and -DP and the intercellular adhesion molecule LFA-3. Expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and B7 was variable. As with the isolates, HLA-DQ was not observed on alveolar epithelium. In conclusion, a reproducible method for the isolation of pure populations of human type II pneumocytes has been developed. These cells were not damaged by the isolation procedure. It is not known whether alveolar epithelium can present antigens to T lymphocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Constitutive expression of MHC and adhesion molecules by alveolar epithelial cells (type II pneumocytes) isolated from human lung and comparison with immunocytochemical findings. 820 72


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