Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase, (AP), transaminases and total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with isoenzymes were determined in mice inhaling 50 and 550 ppm vinyl chloride (VC). The animals were also autopsied and the tissue pathology was studies. The total LDH activity was elevanted in both dose groups along with a shift to cathodic enzymes. AP was increased in animals exposed to 500 ppm and transaminases were not at all changed. Enzyme changes occurred after the appearance of tumors. Alveologenic adenomas occurred in all animals at the higher dosage and in about half of the animals inhaling the lower dose. Subperitoneal and subcutaneous hemangiosarcomas were frequent in both dose groups; but especially among 50 ppm animals. Only one animal had a hemangiosarcoma of the liver. No liver fibrosis was seen. All primary subperitoneal and subcutaneous tumors were located in fat tissue. Telangiectasis was observed in two animals in the 500 ppm series. The importance of blood vessel changes in the toxicology of vinyl chloride is discussed.
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PMID:Biological effects of vinyl chloride: an experimental study. 103 93

Angiosarcoma of the liver is a rare malignant tumor which has been associated with occupational exposure to vinyl chloride (VC). We have determined by ELISA the level of von Willebrand factor (vWf) in the serums of 107 VC-exposed workers, active or retired, and of 133 blood donors used as controls. The vWf level was slightly but significantly higher in the VC-exposed group than in the control group (P = 0.035). Seventeen VC-exposed workers exhibited a raised level of vWf, with no biochemical sign of hepatic disturbance, nor any evidence of illness; only one of them exhibited elevated alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase values. The vWf serum level of 3 patients with hepatic angiosarcoma associated to VC-exposure was markedly elevated. These increased levels of vWf in VC-exposed workers most likely reflect an increased activity of liver endothelial cells; whether an elevated level of vWf could be associated with increased risk of developing liver angiosarcoma remains to be determined.
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PMID:Immunoquantitation of von Willebrand factor (factor VIII-related antigen) in vinyl chloride exposed workers. 173 44

This study reviews data on the histogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma and angiosarcoma derived from clinical features, histology, electron microscopy, enzyme histochemistry, and immunochemistry of both diseases. Their hemorrhagic clinical appearance contrasts the predominantly lymphatic histologic features of vessels in early lesions. Investigations performed to resolve the debate whether these tumors arise from blood vessel or lymphatic endothelium show remarkably similar results for both conditions. Electron microscopy reveals Weibel - Palade bodies in a minority of cases, but features consistent with less well-differentiated blood vessel endothelium may be seen in a greater proportion of tumors. Enzyme histochemistry generally shows absence of adenosine triphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in tumor cells; a pattern of enzymes similar to that found in normal lymphatic endothelium. Conflicting data arises from the large number of immunohistochemical studies performed on both conditions. Factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I have been most frequently employed, but the specificity of these agents for blood vessel endothelium is debatable. Panendothelial markers show consistent labeling of both tumors, but marker studies employing a wide range of monoclonal antibodies specific for blood vessel endothelium have shown occasional positive labeling of tumor cells. A number of studies have claimed absence of labeling with specific blood vessel monoclonal antibodies, but at present no study employing a specific marker for lymphatic endothelium has been reported. Although the demonstration of specific markers for blood vessel endothelium in these tumors has been variable, the data would be compatible with lesions arising from undifferentiated stem cells that proliferate with varying degrees of differentiation toward blood vessel endothelium. An alternative hypothesis for the histogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma would be one of multicentric hyperplasia containing lymphatic venular anastamoses with elements of both lymphatic and blood vessel endothelium.
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PMID:Histogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma and angiosarcoma of the face and the scalp. 266 17

Twenty-one cases (25 biopsies including 9 frozen biopsies) of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were examined immunohistochemically, lectin-histochemically, and enzyme histochemically to ascertain the histogenesis of the lesion. The Kaposi's sarcomas were histologically subtyped according to a modified Schmid's classification (granulation tissue-like-, angiosarcoma-like- and spindle cell type). In almost all lesions, many atypical vasoforming cells and at least some spindle cells without definite evidence of vasoformation by conventional microscopy were positive for factor VIII-related antigen, BMA 120 (a new monoclonal antibody to an endothelial cell-specific antigen), Ulex europaeus I (UEA-I), alkaline phosphatase and ATPase. Linear reaction products for BMA 120 and UEA-I, suggesting the luminal surface of immature vascular channels, were sometimes recognized in the positive spindle cells. Electron micrographs confirmed endothelial characteristics, such as irregular and fragmented but distinct basal lamina and numerous pinocytotic vesicles, in both the UEA-I- and ATPase-positive spindle cells. Among spindle cells negative for the endothelial markers, there were many macrophages as a stromal reaction to tumor tissue, identified by monoclonal antibodies to macrophages (KiM 6, 7, 8 and EBM 11), acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. The results of the immuno- and enzyme histochemical investigations did not correlate with the different histologic types of Kaposi's sarcoma. However, our results strongly suggest that tumor cells of Kaposi's sarcoma are derived from vascular endothelial cells rather than lymphatic endothelium.
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PMID:Histogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with AIDS: a histologic, immunohistochemical and enzyme histochemical study. 368 78

The authors describe a primary sarcoma of the brain with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of leiomyosarcoma as well as epithelioid hemangiosarcoma. The leiomyosarcomatous component consisted of spindle cells with well-developed external lamina, subsarcolemmal densities composed of microfilaments, pinocytic vesicles, and abundant intermediate filaments, and showed immunohistochemical reactions for smooth muscle actin. The epithelioid part of the tumor contained scattered cells reactive for alkaline phosphatase as well as CD31 and factor VIII. Many epithelioid cells were lipidized and remarkably similar to "stromal cells" of a hemangioblastoma. Occasional Weibel-Palade bodies, indicating endothelial differentiation, were present in scattered neoplastic cells. There were also cells with features intermediate between endothelium, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. The brain at the periphery of sarcoma showed conglomerates of well-differentiated capillaries, telangiectasias and small dysplastic arteries, features that raise the possibility of origin of this tumor from a preexisting vascular developmental abnormality.
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PMID:Primary composite angiogenic leiomyosarcoma-epithelioid angiosarcoma of the brain. 1107 73

A middle aged chronic alcoholic presented with deep jaundice, markedly enlarged and tender spleen with leukoerythroblastic blood picture and bone marrow biopsy showing mild fibrosis. He was tested negative for HIV, hepatitis B and C viruses. Besides very high serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase was raised four times the normal value. Contrast enhanced CT showed enlarged spleen and liver with multiple heterogenous lesions in spleen and tiny hypo-dense lesions in liver. In hospital, he developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome and succumed to his illness. At autopsy spleen weighed 5200 gms and variegated in appearance due to large areas of necrosis and whitish tumour nodules. Histology revealed morphology of an angiosarcoma. Liver was also infiltrated by the tumour mainly in and around portal tract areas.
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PMID:Splenic angiosarcoma presenting with jaundice, ascites and bone marrow fibrosis. 1852 85

A 13-yr-old intact male cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) presented for evaluation after a 4-mo history of intermittent lethargy and increased expiratory effort. The clinical signs were initially noted after the diagnosis and death of its 13-yr-old male sibling with solitary hepatic T-cell lymphoma. Physical examination findings included thin body condition, harsh lung sounds, peripheral lymphadenopathy, and a cutaneous mass on the right medial tarsus and scrotum. Excisional biopsies diagnosed well-differentiated cutaneous hemangiosarcomas. Thoracic radiographs revealed a cranial mediastinal mass. Complete blood count and serum biochemical analyses showed a leukocytosis with persistent lymphocytosis, progressive azotemia, and markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase. Because of the cheetah's declining quality of life, euthanasia was elected. Postmortem examination, histopathology, and immunohistochemical staining revealed multicentric T-cell lymphoma. Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, FeLV polymerase chain reaction (whole blood), and viral metagenomic analysis were negative. This is the first case of cutaneous hemangiosarcoma and multicentric T-cell lymphoma reported in a FeLV-negative cheetah.
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PMID:MULTICENTRIC T-CELL LYMPHOMA AND CUTANEOUS HEMANGIOSARCOMA IN A CAPTIVE CHEETAH (ACINONYX JUBATUS). 2666 62