Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three cases of so-called pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma have been studied for endothelial markers (alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, factor VIII-related antigen, and Ulex europaeus I lectin), for intermediate filaments (keratin, vimentin), and for carcinoembryonic and epithelial membrane antigen. Not one of the neoplasms expressed endothelial markers, carcinoembryonic antigen, or keratin reactivity. The tumor cells showed a positive reaction for epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin. The findings exclude an endothelial origin for this group of tumors and favored an epithelial origin as the probable genesis of the neoplastic proliferation.
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PMID:Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung. An immunohistochemical study of intermediate filaments and endothelial markers. 253 67

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) developed spontaneously in subcutaneous tissue of the head of a 15-month-old male Fischer 344 rat. The tumor was serially transplanted into syngeneic rats up to the 45th generation and was designated MFH-MT. Light and electron microscopic examinations revealed that the original and serially transplanted tumors were composed of an admixture of fibroblast-like and histiocyte-like cells arranged in a storiform pattern. Neoplastic cells gave positive reactions for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterase, alpha-1 antitrypsin and lysozyme. The tumors transplanted into the lungs and cutaneous tissue of the tail had a mixed histologic appearance of storiform, pleomorphic, myxoid and giant cell types. Moreover sclerosing hemangioma-like and osteosarcoma-like structures were also found. MFH-MT grew well in athymic nude mice showing neoplastic proliferation of pleomorphic cells strongly positive for alpha-1 antitrypsin. Development of MFH-MT was significantly retarded by the two antitumor drugs tested. The retarded tumors consisted predominantly of fibroblast-like cells and abundant collagenic fibers, whereas histiocytic cells decreased in number.
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PMID:Morphologic characteristics of a transplantable tumor derived from a spontaneous malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the rat. 254 24

We present eleven patients diagnosed of giant hepatic hemangioma in the last 20 years. The diagnosis was confirmed in all the cases during laparoscopy or laparotomy. The mean age of the patients was 44.9 +/- 8.99; nine of them were women. Only two of the patients complained of abdominal pain. Five patients showed abnormal liver function tests; the most common finding was increased levels of alkaline phosphatase. We have reviewed the diagnostic tools employed: isotopic study of the liver with 99Tc, and labeled erythrocytes, abdominal ultrasonography, CAT, hepatic arteriography, laparoscopy, laparotomy and liver biopsy. Usually we employed more than one of these diagnostic methods. In the last years there has been a shift to employ less invasive procedures.
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PMID:[Presenting forms and diagnostic procedures in gigantic hemangioma of the liver]. 263 35

Benign liver tumors are relatively uncommon and, even when large enough to be symptomatic, they usually remain undiagnosed prior to exploratory laparotomy. Hemangiomas constitute the majority of benign hepatic neoplasms and are 9 times as frequent in females as in males. Most are asymptomatic but abdominal swelling, a mass, or symptoms due to compression of adjacent organs may occur and abdominal hemorrhage is reported in 4.5% of patients. Hepatic hemangioma may produce a large arteriovenous communication serious enough to cause heart failure. Recently an increased frequency of liver tumors, mostly adenomas, has been noted in women taking oral contraceptives (OCs); the cause has been attributed to estrogens. The exact incidence is unknown but believed to be low. It is most common in women in their late 20s who have been on OCs for 7 years or more. The tumor occasionally completely regresses on withdrawal of the OCs. The tumor may be discovered incidentally at laparotomy or may manifest inself by pain, a palpable mass, or catastrophic hemoperitoneum. Hepatic adenoma is usually a solitary lesion and infrequently degenerates into malignancy. Differential diagnosis includes chronic gall bladder disease and peptic ulcer. Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is apparently much less frequently related to OC use and is less likely to bleed seriously than adenoma. Hepatic chemistry is usually normal in adenoma and FNH, but slight increases in serum bilirubin, serum alkaline phosphatase, and serum transaminase may occur. Primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoma) is mostly a disease of males and in the US and Western Europe seldom develops before age 40. Fibrolamellar carcinoma, which characteristically develops in adolescents and young adults, occurs with equal sex incidence. Doubt has been expressed about its relationship to OCs. In the US about 75% of primary hepatocellular carcinomas are associated with cirrhosis, and about 5% of cirrhosis cases develop primary liver cancer. Clinical manifestations of hepatoma have been divided into 5 groups: frank cancer (62.7%), acute abdominal cancer (8%), febrile cancer (8%), occult cancer (16%), and metastatic cancer (5%). Detection of large amounts of alpha fetoprotein has proven useful in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, but values may be negative in OC users. It has been estimated that 1/3 to 1/2 of all malignant tumors eventually metastasize to the liver.
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PMID:Hepatic neoplasia: selected clinical aspects. 619 95

A total of five haemangiosarcomata and two benign haemangiomas arising in the mammary gland have been studied electron microscopically and by histochemical techniques. Malignant tumors were mainly composed of endothelial cells reactive to alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase, and of pericytes and undifferentiated mesenchymal elements. A juvenile haemangioma showed a more structured wall with an increase of endoplasmic reticulum and filaments, and a diminution of membrane modulations and rod-like tubular bodies. A cavernous haemangioma showed an ultrastructure very similar to normal vessels. The ultrastructural and histochemical data suggest a blood vessel origin of mammary angiosarcomas and show that vascular neoplasms of the breast, benign or malignant, are composed of a combined proliferation of the different cell types present in the vessel wall, as described in other organs.
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PMID:Vascular tumors of the mammary gland. A histochemical and ultrastructural study. 646 Nov 25

Forty-nine specimens from a variety of vascular lesions were analyzed for cellular characteristics. Two major categories of lesions emerged from this investigation: hemangiomas and vascular malformations. This classification and its implications are justified by several considerations. Hemangiomas in the proliferating phase (n = 14) were distinguished by (1) endothelial hyperplasia with incorporation of [3H]thymidine, (2) multilaminated basement membrane formation beneath the endothelium, and (3) clinical history of rapid growth during early infancy. Hemangiomas in the involuting phase (n = 12) exhibited (1) histologic fibrosis and fat deposition, (2) low to absent [3H]thymidine labeling of endothelial cells, and (3) rapid growth and subsequent regression. The endothelium in hemangiomas had many characteristics of differentiation: Weibel-Palade bodies, alkaline phosphatase, and factor VIII production. Vascular malformations (n = 23) demonstrated no tritiated thymidine incorporation and normal ultrastructural characteristics. These lesions were usually noted at birth, grew proportionately with the child, and consisted of abnormal, often combined, capillary, arterial, venous, and lymphatic vascular elements. This cell-oriented analysis provides a simple yet comprehensive classification of vascular lesions of infancy and childhood and serves as a guide for diagnosis, management, and further research.
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PMID:Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics. 2524 Oct 91

A case of pulmonary sclerosing haemangioma was studied by electron microscopy, tissue culture, time-lapse cinematography and enzyme histochemistry. The cells bordering the spaces and forming solid sheets showed abundant surface microvilli, desmosomes and osmiophilic inclusions some of which had a lamellar structure. No Weibel-Palade bodies were found. The cells showed a negative reaction to ATP-ase and stained focally for alkaline phosphatase. Normal cells inside the tumour showed positive reactions for both enzymes. In tissue culture, both conventional studies and time-lapse cinematography showed a rather characteristic behaviour unrelated to that previously described in other neoplasms or in cultures of normal lung. The findings contradict the view that pulmonary sclerosing haemangiomas are proliferations of immature respiratory epithelial cells.
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PMID:Sclerosing haemangioma of the lung. A histochemical, electron microscopical, tissue culture and time-lapse cinematographic study. 728 19

Diffuse hemangiomatosis of the spleen is a very rare benign tumor in which the whole spleen is permeated by neoplastic blood vessels. It is occasionally accompanied by severe disturbances of blood coagulation. The histogenesis of this tumor remains obscure. No systematic investigations of the immunophenotype of the neoplastic endothelium have been published. We describe a case of isolated benign diffuse hemangiomatosis of the spleen in which the enzyme-histochemical and immunohistochemical findings suggested an origin in the splenic sinus endothelial cells. Some of the tumor endothelial cells reacted with UEA-1, BMA 120, antibodies against the von Willebrand factor, CD34, and CD8, an antigen which, in man, is expressed only by suppressor/cytotoxic T cells and the endothelial cells of the splenic sinuses. Enzyme-histochemical investigations revealed reactivity for nonspecific esterase and lack of reactivity for alkaline phosphatase--a pattern typical of the sinus endothelial cells. The tumor could be distinguished from other tumors/tumor-like lesions of the spleen that exhibit endothelium with characteristics typical of the splenic sinuses (peliosis, splenoma, littoral cell angioma) on the basis of its histological features. The lack of expression of histiocytic antigens by the tumor endothelium is also evidence against a diagnosis of littoral cell angioma, which also derives from the sinus endothelium. Thus, this tumor could not be identified as any of the recognized tumors/tumor-like lesions of the spleen and it is therefore proposed that it should be designated diffuse sinusoidal hemangiomatosis.
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PMID:Diffuse sinusoidal hemangiomatosis of the spleen. A case report with enzyme-histochemical, immunohistochemical, and electron-microscopic findings. 780 69

Oncogenic osteomalacia is an unusual and rare clinicopathologic syndrome characterized by mesenchymal tumors that apparently produce osteomalacia and biochemical abnormalities consisting of hypophosphatemia, normocalcemia, and increased levels of alkaline phosphatase. We collected from the Mayo Clinic files and from our consultation files the records for 17 cases of osteomalacia associated with bone lesions. There were five cases of fibrous dysplasia, three of hemangiopericytoma, and two of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor. There was one case each of osteosarcoma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, giant cell tumor, metaphyseal fibrous defect, and hemangioma. In this study we can figure out that the most common characteristic histologic features of our cases were hemangiopericytomatous vascular proliferation, fine lace-like stromal calcification, and stromal giant cells. In most of the cases, the clinical and biochemical symptoms and signs resolved soon after complete resection of the lesion. When the lesion recurred or metastasized, the symptoms and signs also recurred.
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PMID:Oncogenic osteomalacia: a clinicopathologic study of 17 bone lesions. 784 76