Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intact Angiostrongylus cantonensis is able to hydrolyse glucose-phosphate esters, mononucleotides and rho-nitrophenyl phosphate as well as beta-glycerophosphate in vitro. Reciprocal inhibition studies suggest that the hydrolysis of such substrates is due to a non-specific phosphomonoesterase. Molybdate ions, which exert no effect on either the uptake of glucose or the production of lactate, inhibit the hydrolysis of glucose-1-phosphate in the external medium and simultaneously lower the production of lactate by the intact worms in vitro.
 ...
PMID:Acid phosphatase activity demonstrated by intact Angiostrongylus cantonesis with special reference to its function. 4 61

The excretory canals of Ascaridia galli (Nematoda) and the protonephridial ducts of Cotylophoron cotylophorum (Trematoda) and Raillietina cesticillus (Cestoda) have been studied with regard to the histochemical localization of lipids, carbohydrates and hydrolytic enzymes. Distinct excretory organs are absent in the acanthocephalan Centrorhynchus corvi. Triglycerides, phospholipids and lipoproteins are seen in association with the wall of excretory canals of A. galli and R. cesticillus, and phospholipids and lipoproteins at the corresponding site in C. cotylophorum. The physiological significance of lipids in association with excretion of substances has been discussed. Low molecular weight glycogen is present in the lumen of excretory canal of A. galli but not in other worms. The common feature of the excretory canals is the presence of enzyme activities of nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and Mg2+-dependent ATPase. Activity of acid phosphatase is seen only in the excretory canals of A. galli. Glucose-6-phosphatase is present in A. galli and C. cotylophorum and absent in R. cesticillus. Weak reaction of 5'-nucleotidase is present in the excretory canals of helminth species studied here. The role of these enzymes in transportation of substances across the wall of excretory canals and also in ionic regulation has been discussed in detail.
 ...
PMID:Comparative histochemical observations on the excretory system of helminth parasites. 19 23

Soluble proteins of 25 helminth species of the classes Trematoda, Cestoidea and Nematoda, were separated by disc electrophoresis using polyacrylamide gel columns. Differences between the species were investigated on the basis of Rm values of the bands. Protein spectra were complemented by the detection of lipoproteins and glycoproteins and by identification of LDH, SHD, peroxidase, esterase and alkaline phosphatase. On the basis of comparison of protein spectra of parasitic worms belonging to three taxonomic classes it was found by means of numerical taxonomy that individual classes are characterized by a certain number of proteins of the same migration properties.
 ...
PMID:Identification of helminth species by means of disc electrophoresis. 52 99

Previous evidences reported by us and by other authors revealed the presence of IgG in sera of Schistosoma mansoni-infected patients to immunodominant antigens which are enzymes. Besides their immunological interest as possible inductors of protection, several of these enzyme antigens might be also interesting markers of infection in antibody-detecting immunocapture assays which use the intrinsic catalytic property of these antigens. It was thus thought important to define some enzymatic and immunological characteristics of these molecules to better exploit their use as antigens. Four different enzymes from adult worms were partially characterized in their biochemical properties and susceptibility to react with antibodies of infected patients, namely alkaline phosphatase (AKP, Mg2+, pH 9.5), type I phosphodiesterase (PDE, pH 9.5), cysteine proteinase (CP, dithiothreitol, pH 5.5) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG, pH 5.5). The AKP and PDE are distinct tegumental membrane-bound enzymes whereas CP and NAG are soluble acid enzymes. Antibodies in infected human sera differed in their capacity to react with and to inhibit these enzyme antigens. Possibly, the specificity of the antibodies related to the extent of homology between the parasite and the host enzyme might be in part responsible for the above differences. The results are also discussed in view of the possible functional importance of these enzymes.
 ...
PMID:Parasite enzymes as a tool to investigate immune responses. 134 26

NIH mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae for 3, 7, 14, 21 or 35 d were treated ig either with arteether or artemether at the daily dose of 100-200 mg.kg-1 for 2 d, the efficacy produced by both drugs was similar. The d 7 schistosomules and d 35 adult worms were more susceptible to arteether or artemether with respective worm reduction rates of 77.5%-87.2% and 51.7%-61.3%. Histological and histochemical studies showed that d 7 and d 35 schistosomes, harbored in mice treated with arteether 300 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 2 d appeared in cloudy swelling and vesiculation in the tegument, distension of intestine, apparent decrease or even disappearance of glycogen and inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity in the tegument and parenchymal tissues, as well as formation of dead worm granuloma.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of arteether on Schistosoma japonicum]. 141 78

The study of the behaviours of Trichinella spiralis in the host tissues from the histochemical point of view will throw a light on parallelism of the destruction process by the infection and the instruction of the host tissues, i.e., the catabolic effect of the parasite as an indicator of the severity of infection and the anabolic response by the host as a criteria of cure. So, this study revealed a definite increase in catabolic enzymes as acid phosphatase activities. A relative disturbance and a decrease of anabolic enzymes (succinate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, non-specific esterase and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) reactivity which indicates the destructive effects of T. spiralis adult worms and encysted larvae on intestinal mucosa alpha striated muscles of tongue and diaphragm. The disturbances of anabolic enzymes activity revealed the continuous trials of the host to get rid of adult worms from the small intestine, and to defeat and isolate the larvae in striated muscles. While the renal tissue changes indicate the disturbance of absorption and excretion functions of renal tissue due to the presence of endmetabolites and products of the parasite in the host blood.
 ...
PMID:Histochemical studies in experimental trichinosis. 157 64

We have recently demonstrated that a 200-kDa antigen that serves as a target of antibodies acting in synergy with praziquantel is linked to the surface membrane of Schistosoma mansoni by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. In the present study we have examined the potential role of this GPI anchor in the therapeutic action of praziquantel by monitoring the release of surface antigens from living adult schistosomes cultured in the presence or absence of praziquantel and exogenous phospholipases. Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC) selectively released the 200-kDa antigen from the surface of adult schistosomes, as determined by immunoprecipitation experiments; none of the other GPI-anchored proteins, including alkaline phosphatase and a 22-kDa protein, were released by this enzyme. Anti-cross-reacting determinant antiserum (anti-CRD), which recognizes an epitope on GPI-anchored proteins only after the anchor has been removed by PIPLC, specifically precipitated the 200-kDa antigen, confirming the cleavage of its anchor. When the worms were exposed to both praziquantel and PIPLC, the amount of 200-kDa cleaved from the worms was increased five-fold. The selective release of this antigen was also detected by indirect immunofluorescent labeling of praziquantel-exposed adult worms cultured in the presence of phospholipases. Taken together these observations suggest that modulation of the phospholipase-mediated release of GPI-anchored antigens by praziquantel may contribute to the therapeutic action of the drug.
 ...
PMID:Selective release of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored antigen from the surface of Schistosoma mansoni. 164 1

Mice infected with 100 and 50 Schistosoma japonicum cercariae for 7 and 35 d respectively were treated with im artemether 100 mg.kg-1.d-1 or arteether 100 and 300 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 2 d. The mice were killed at different intervals within 28 d after medication and the livers were sectioned for histological and histochemical observations. The results showed that both artemether and arteether caused degeneration in the tegument, intestine and genital gland of the hepatic-shifted worms. The glycogen content and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity of schistosomula and adult worms decreased 7 d after treatment, especially remarkable in arteether 300 mg.kg-1.d-1 group.
 ...
PMID:[Comparative studies on histological and histochemical alterations of Schistosoma japonicum induced by arteether and artemether]. 181 8

The present study intended to evaluate the influences of Metagonimus yokogawai on the activities of brush border membrane bound enzymes of the small intestine. Mice were infected with 500 metacercariae respectively, and the worm recovery, morphological changes and enzyme activities were observed chronologically. A part of them were followed after the treatment. Recovered worms decreased in number continuously after the infection, and they were less than 10% after 2 weeks and almost zero after 28 weeks. Villous atrophy and stromal inflammation were found at two locations of the proximal jejunum from 2 weeks to 4 weeks after the infection. The enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and disaccharidases (sucrase, lactase, maltase, and trehalase), showed lowered activities in the duodenum and proximal jejunum of the infected mice but they increased in the distal jejunum for the first two weeks. From three weeks after the infection, the activities were gradually recovered. In one week treated mice, they recovered the activities at 2 weeks from the treatment, but there found no differences of the activities between the 3 week treated group and infected controls. The present data reveal that M. yokogawai infection induces degenerative changes of the host's intestinal mucosa not only morphologically but functionally during the initial phase of infection. The lowered enzyme activities in acute metagonimiasis should be associated with malabsorption and diarrhea.
 ...
PMID:Activities of brush border membrane bound enzymes of the small intestine in Metagonimus yokogawai infection in mice. 191 29

The influence of population size of Trichostrongylus colubriformis on the structures of the small intestine, especially with regard to the development and origin of an intestinal adaptive response, was examined in experimentally infected rabbits. The effects of low (500 L3) and high (50,000 L3) infection on histological (villous length, mucosa to serosa ratio, crypt surface) and biochemical (protein content, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase activities) aspects of the mucosa were assessed along the whole small intestine. The presence of a small number of worms induced only minor mucosal changes, indicating a regenerative response of the intestinal epithelium. The role of a local small population of T. colubriformis in the development of a previously described adaptive response appeared thus to be limited. On the other hand, the 50,000 L3 inoculum was associated with severe lesions of villi, marked crypt hyperplasia and with a major reduction of enzyme activities. The changes were found along the whole length of the small intestine. These results suggest that the generally recognized dose-dependent pathogenicity of the intestinal nematode infections could be ascribed to two different processes: firstly, a greater severity of the lesions; secondly, more extensive damage leading to the disappearance of any adaptive intestinal region.
 ...
PMID:Effects of size of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections on histopathology of the mucosa along the whole small intestine in rabbits. 207 60


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>