Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Salmonella typhi or Paratyphi A was isolated from the blood in 16 out of 21 Suanese patients who had prolonged fever of one of 10 months' duration and hepatesplenic schistosomiasis. Most patients had severe anaemia. The serum alkaline phosphatase was raised in 16 patients. Bilharzial lesions were demonstrated in the liver biopsies of 10 patients. Three patients had in addition the nephrotic syndrome and moderate proteinuria was present in nine other patients. Changes of proliferative glomerulonephritis were noted in the renal biopsies of two patients with the nephrotic syndrome. Treatment with chloramphenicol cured the salmonella infection in all patients, reversed the raised alkaline phosphatase and the proteinuria, and led to a marked reduction in the size of the hepatosplenomegaly.
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PMID:Salmonellosis complicating schistosomiasis in the Sudan. 85 Feb 87

We used the technique of in situ hybridization to determine if cells expressing PDGF B-chain mRNA can be detected in a model of mesangial proliferative nephritis in the rat induced with antibody directed against the Thy 1 antigen present on the mesangial cell membrane. The method involved hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probe for the murine PDGF B-chain followed by detection with an anti-digoxigenin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate and subsequent colorimetric reaction. In normal rats (N = 4), the majority of glomeruli (74%) were negative for PDGF B-chain mRNA, whereas 65% of glomeruli from rats with mesangial proliferative nephritis (N = 4) had segmental or diffuse staining for PDGF B-chain mRNA in a mesangial pattern. The difference, as measured using a semiquantitative scale, was significant (mean scores 0.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.2; scale 0 to 3+; P less than 0.001). The increase in PDGF B-chain mRNA positive cells localized to areas of hypercellularity and was associated with a significant increase in cells positive for PDGF B-chain by immunostaining with a specific monoclonal antibody (0.8 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.4, scale 0 to 3+, normal vs. diseased rats, P less than 0.005). Complement depletion, which prevents the mesangial cell proliferation, also prevented the increase in cells expressing PDGF B-chain mRNA and protein. Thus, this method of in situ hybridization can successfully detect cells expressing PDGF mRNA in active glomerulonephritis, and may be useful for detecting cells expressing genes for other growth factors and cytokines in both human and experimental models of glomerular injury.
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PMID:Demonstration of PDGF B-chain mRNA in glomeruli in mesangial proliferative nephritis by in situ hybridization. 172 21

Excretion patterns of kidney related urinary proteins such as lysosomal beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (beta NAG), brush-border Ala-(Leu-Gly)-aminopeptidase (AAP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) as well as of IgG, albumin, and alpha-1-microglobulin, were assessed in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (n = 53), pyelonephritis (n = 27), systemic lupus erythematodes (n = 5), and patients with essential arterial hypertension (n = 18). Excretion of tubular marker enzymes and serumproteins (related to urine creatinine concentration = protein creatinine index) in spontaneously voided second morning urine was significantly higher as compared to the controls (n = 2). Alpha-1-microglobulin was markedly elevated in both pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis indicating disturbance in tubulointerstitial handling of microglobulins also in cases with primary glomerulopathy. Rise of albumin, IgG, and alpha-1-microglobulin as well as of tubular kidney markers AAP, AP, GGT, and beta NAG in cases with arterial hypertension without preexisting nephropathy support the hypothesis of a defect in charge and size permselectivity in these patients which is probably due to an increase in glomerular capillary perfusion pressure and hyperfiltration.
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PMID:Kidney- and serum derived proteins in urine of patients suffering from renal diseases or arterial hypertension. 247 9

Interest in the role of mononuclear phagocytes in glomerulonephritis (GN) and in defining markers of renal neoplasms led the authors to study alpha-naphthyl acetate/butyrate esterase (ANAE/ANBE), alkaline phosphatase (AlkP), acid phosphatase (AcP), 5'-nucleotidase (5'N), and ATPase (ATP) activity in paraformaldehyde-fixed, plastic-embedded renal tissue from patients with a variety of pathologic conditions. These conditions included GN, renal tumors, and transplant rejection. Enzymatic staining for ANAE, ANBE, AcP, AlkP, and ATP was generally confined to tubules and collecting ducts in normal kidney. Nine of 10 cases of renal carcinoma had weakly to strongly positive reactions with AlkP, AcP, and ANAE; 9 of 10 cases of Wilms' tumor showed weakly positive reactions with AcP and ANAE, particularly in tubular structures. Severely damaged kidney allografts showed surprising retention of normal histochemical features. In all cases 5'N stained both glomerular capillaries and interstitial vasculature; ATPase and AlkP stained interstitial vessels only. Plastic embedding provides superb preservation of both microscopic anatomy and enzymatic activity, which may allow utilization of enzyme histochemistry for diagnostic and research purposes.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemistry in plastic-embedded sections of normal and diseased kidneys. 258 40

The association of IgA anti-gliadin antibodies and IgA glomerulonephritis (IgA GN) was first reported in 1987 (Am J Nephrol, 1987, 7, 178-183) and has since been confirmed by other groups. We have developed a second generation ELISA (alkaline phosphatase, biotin-avidin) and used it to test 45 adult IgA GN, 34 idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN), 31 idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), and 11 idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPG) patients. IgA anti-gliadin antibodies were found in 24 IgA GN (53%), 1 MN (3%), 1 INS (3%), and 1 MGP (9%) patients. The presence of these antibodies in a patient with proteinuria strongly suggests IgA GN, with a sensitivity of 53%, a specificity of 96%, a positive predictive value of 88% and a negative predictive value of 77%. The presence of IgA anti-gliadin antibodies in IgA GN did not necessarily indicate coeliac disease because: a) neither IgG nor IgA anti-reticulin nor IgA anti-endomysium antibodies were found; b) intestinal absorption tests (folates, EDTA) were normal; c) biopsies of the small intestine were normal; and d) a gluten-free diet did not alter the evolution of the disease. Immunochemical analysis (footprinting after separation of the gliadins by rocket electrophoresis) showed the variability of the fractions recognized by the IgA antibodies from patients and controls, in addition to the absence of a typical profile. Gliadin does not have a lectin effect, since mannan and mannose did not inhibit the ELISA. Immunofluorescent labeling of human kidney with purified rabbit IgG anti-gliadin antibodies did not reveal a common epitope shared by gliadin and renal structures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Significance of IGA antigliadin antibodies during primary glomerulonephritis with mesangial IGA deposits]. 261 Apr 50

A rapid ELISA for the detection of circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies in Goodpasture syndrome is described. The specificity of the test was shown to be highly dependent on the antigens used. Using the purified Goodpasture antigen it was possible to shorten the incubation times to 10 min in a routine assay using alkaline phosphatase-labeled second antibodies and the total assay was complete in 30 min. 200 reference sera, 500 sera from patients with various types of glomerulonephritis and 32 sera from patients with Goodpasture syndrome were analyzed by this rapid assay. The assay was able to discriminate between Goodpasture syndrome and other forms of glomerulonephritis. Using enzyme amplification it was possible to further shorten the incubation times to 1 min and the total time of the assay to 6 min.
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PMID:A rapid assay for circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies in Goodpasture syndrome. 264 55

The urinary enzymes alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), and ribonuclease (EC 3.1.4.22) were measured in 66 healthy persons and 52 patients suffering from chronic renal diseases (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis). The residual renal function of patients characterized by 99mTc-diethylenetriaminopentaacetate isotope clearance was only moderately reduced. Except for gamma-glutamyltransferase, patients generally showed increased urinary enzyme excretions. N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was more sensitive to detect renal dysfunction than the other enzymes and the conventional parameters serum creatinine, total protein excretion, and the measurement of glomerular filtration rate. The determination of this enzyme can be recommended as a suitable diagnostic parameter in nephrology.
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PMID:Diagnostic significance of different urinary enzymes in patients suffering from chronic renal diseases. 289 Apr 51

The authors presented the results of a study of enzymuria (cholinesterase, gamma-glutamine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, beta-galactosidase and lactate dehydrogenase with separate determination of N- and M-subunits) in 20 patients with a mixed form of glomerulonephritis (GN), 36 with the nephrotic form of GN and 13 patients with the hematuric form of GN. The clinical importance of the determination of enzymatic activity in the urine in GN of children lies in the recognition of the degree of damage of the glomerular filter as well as the nephrothelium. Basing on enzymuria pathophysiological syndromes found in various combinations in the above forms of GN were identified. Three degrees of damage of the permeability of the glomerular filter were defined for high molecular proteins. Differences in individual values of the activity of some enzymes gave rise to differential-diagnostic coefficients as well as differential-diagnostic tables which could be used for differential diagnosis between the GN mixed and nephrotic forms.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of enzymuria in glomerulonephritis in children]. 376 57

Possibility of separate estimation of urinary enzymes after impairment of glomerular system and kidney tissue was considered theoretically. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were studied in blood serum and urine of II patients with nephrotic syndrome (4 patients with nephrotic form of glomerulonephritis and 7 patients with mixed form of glomerulonephritis). Urinary enzymes derived from blood serum constituted 20-30% of total enzymatic activity in urine of the patients with mixed form of glomerulonephritis and it was related only to the blood serum enzymes with relatively low molecular mass and high activity (alkaline phosphatase and LDH). The results obtained are consistent with the published data showing that kidney tissue is mainly responsible for appearance of the enzymes in urine.
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PMID:[A method of separate determination of enzymuria associated with impairment of glomerular filtration in kidney tissue]. 381 Dec 90

Bone morphological parameters of renal osteodystrophy such as abundance of osteoid surface, osteoid seam width index, calcification fronts, osteoclast activity and trabecular bone volume were studied in 71 patients on maintenance hemodialysis and compared with bone densitometry, laboratory and clinical data. Increased osteoclast activity (hyperparathyroidism) was by far the most common bone morphological finding. Patients with chronic pyelonephritis or polycystic kidney disease had more than double the amount of osteoid than patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. The trabecular bone volume seemed to be increased in most patients in contrast to the cortical bone volume which was decreased, judged from bone densitometry and previously from X-ray. Despite that patients with polycystic kidney disease were older, their trabecular volume was larger than in patients with glomerulonephritis. The bone mineral content evaluated by bone densitometry was low in most patients, and more associated with bone morphological signs of osteomalacia than with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Serum phosphate (S-PO4) and serum parathyroid hormone (S-PTH) seemed to discriminate better between osteomalacia and secondary hyperparathyroidism than serum alkaline phosphatase (S-Alk. phosph.), which was elevated in both groups. Patients who had been bilaterally nephrectomized were no more abnormal than other patients, and they had lower S-Alk. phosph. The abundance of osteoclasts was found to be a predictor of future development of clinical secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Studies of bone morphology, bone densitometry and laboratory data in patients on maintenance hemodialysis treatment. 397 74


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