Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oesophageal biopsies were obtained from 74 patinets undergoing upper gastrointestinal fibreoptic endoscopy. Thirteen patients with histological evidence of inflammation had a raised alkaline phosphatase activity (2.7 +/- 1.6 nmol/mg protein/min) compared with 49 normal controls (1.2 +/- 0.68 nmol/mg protein/min: P less than 0.001). The acid phosphatase level was lower (8.4+/- 4.0 vs. 5.8 +/- 2.2 nmol/mg protein/min: P less than 0.05) and the glucuronidase activity raised (0.44 +/- 0.17 vs 0.81 +/- 0.32 nmol/mg protein/min: P less than 0.001) and their ratio declined (24.0 +/- 1.9 nmol/mg protein/min: P less than 0.001) in patients with oesophagitis. This may be due to differential secretion of membrane coating granules, a form of lysosome found isophagitis--was assessed by point counting. The volume density rose from 10.9 +/- 4.25% in normal biopsies to 46.4+/-12.5% (P less than 0.001) in oesophagitis. These results show a consistent pattern that possibly indicates an intermediate stage between the clinically, histologically, and biochemically normal oesophagus and one that is inflamed on endoscopy.
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PMID:Changes in enzyme activity in normal and histologically inflamed oesophageal epithelium. 49 16

We have reviewed the efficacy of the use of fluconazole in patients with definitely proven Candida esophagitis (CE) associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, using a single 400 mg oral dose of fluconazole and evaluating the patient three days afterwards. This drug showed to be effective for the clinical and endoscopic cure in all patients (100%), and with microbiological cure in ten cases. There was no clinical feature of toxicity. The only side effect was an increased alkaline phosphatase and transaminase activity without hyperbilirubinemia, but this finding was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). Fluconazole, given in a single 400 mg dose, was absolutely effective to cure esophagitis in AIDS, thus permitting to avoid parenteral amphotericin.
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PMID:[Candida esophagitis treated with a single dose of fluconazole in patients with HIV: presentation of 11 cases]. 209 54

A method is described for in situ hybridization detection and typing of herpes simplex virus (HSV) using alkaline phosphatase-labeled synthetic oligonucleotide probes in paraffin tissue sections. Sections mounted on slides are prehybridized and denatured before the probe mixture is added. Hybridization proceeds for 1 h at 60 degrees C. Detection of the alkaline phosphatase label is performed using a nitro blue tetrazolium and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate substrate. Specific hybridization with HSV type 1 DNA was found in sections of herpetic esophagitis and encephalitis. There was no discernible background staining. Hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe specific for HSV type 2 was negative. No hybridization occurred to sections of cytomegalovirus- or adenovirus-infected tissue. The development of this technique expands the utility of synthetic oligonucleotide probes to include hybridization reactions in routinely processed and paraffin-embedded tissue. The use of directly labeled oligonucleotide probes for tissue in situ hybridization overcomes problems of probe contamination with vector plasmid DNA, nonspecific avidin binding to tissue, and the danger and inconvenience of working with radioactive materials.
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PMID:Oligonucleotide probe for herpes virus: use in paraffin sections. 223 90

Esophagitis is a major limiting factor in the treatment of lung cancer by radiation alone or in combination with chemotherapy. We have previously demonstrated that intraesophageal injection of manganese superoxide dismutase-plasmid/liposome (MnSOD-PL) complex into C3H/HeNsd mice blocks irradiation-induced esophagitis. To determine whether the human esophagus can be similarly transfected, normal human esophageal sections obtained from the margins of esophagectomy specimens from esophageal cancer patients were transfected in vitro with alkaline phosphatase (AlkP)-PL complex and stained for AlkP activity, and the percent of cells expressing AlkP was calculated. At 24 hr after transfection with 20 or 200 microgram of AlkP-PL complex, 55.0% and 85.8% of esophageal epithelial cells expressed detectable AlkP, respectively. Other sections transfected with MnSOD-PL complex showed transgene mRNA by nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and increased MnSOD biochemical activity for at least 96 hr after transfection. Irradiated MnSOD-PL complex-transfected sections demonstrated a significantly decreased percentage of apoptotic cells when compared to irradiated control sections. Following 1,000 cGy, MnSOD-PL-treated samples showed 7.5 +/- 2.8% and 33.3 +/- 7.3% apoptotic cells at 24 and 48 hr compared to 53.6 +/- 6.9% and 59.0 +/- 13.8% for nontransfected controls (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.1175). After 2,000 cGy, results at 24 and 48 hr were 25.0 +/- 7.6% and 66.9 +/- 4.9% for MnSOD-transfected sections compared to 65.6 +/- 4.3% and 90.0 +/- 4.1% for control sections (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0353), respectively. Thus, human esophageal sections can be transfected with MnSOD-PL complex in vitro and thereby protected against ionizing irradiation-induced apoptosis. Int. J. Cancer (Radiat. Oncol. Invest.) 90, 128-137 (2000).
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PMID:Plasmid/liposome transfer of the human manganese superoxide dismutase transgene prevents ionizing irradiation-induced apoptosis in human esophagus organ explant culture. 1090 Apr 24

Radiation of the esophagus of C3H/HeNsd mice with 35 or 37 Gy of 6 MV X rays induces significantly increased RNA transcription for interleukin 1 (Il1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf), interferon gamma inducing factor (Ifngr), and interferon gamma (Ifng). These elevations are associated with DNA damage that is detectable by a comet assay of explanted esophageal cells, apoptosis of the esophageal basal lining layer cells in situ, and micro-ulceration leading to dehydration and death. The histopathology and time sequence of events are comparable to the esophagitis in humans that is associated with chemoradiotherapy of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Intraesophageal injection of clinical-grade manganese superoxide dismutase-plasmid/liposome (SOD2-PL) 24 h prior to irradiation produced an increase in SOD2 biochemical activity in explanted esophagus. An equivalent therapeutic plasmid weight of 10 microgram ALP plasmid in the same 500 microliter of liposomes, correlated to around 52-60% of alkaline phosphatase-positive cells in the squamous layer of the esophagus at 24 h. Administration of SOD2-PL prior to irradiation mediated a significant decrease in induction of cytokine mRNA by radiation and decreased apoptosis of squamous lining cells, micro-ulceration, and esophagitis. Groups of mice receiving 35 or 37 Gy esophageal irradiation by a technique protecting the lungs and treating only the central mediastinal area were followed to assess the long-term effects of radiation. SOD2-PL-treated irradiated mice demonstrated a significant decrease in esophageal wall thickness at day 100 compared to irradiated controls. Mice with orthotopic thoracic tumors composed of 32D-v-abl cells that received intraesophageal SOD2-PL treatment showed transgenic mRNA in the esophagus at 24 h, but no detectable human SOD2 transgene mRNA in explanted tumors by nested RT-PCR. These data provide support for translation of this strategy of SOD2-PL gene therapy to studies leading to a clinical trial in fractionated irradiation to decrease the acute and chronic side effects of radiation-induced damage to the esophagus.
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PMID:Modulation of radiation-induced cytokine elevation associated with esophagitis and esophageal stricture by manganese superoxide dismutase-plasmid/liposome (SOD2-PL) gene therapy. 1112 Dec 10