Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oesophageal biopsies were obtained from 74 patinets undergoing upper gastrointestinal fibreoptic endoscopy. Thirteen patients with histological evidence of inflammation had a raised alkaline phosphatase activity (2.7 +/- 1.6 nmol/mg protein/min) compared with 49 normal controls (1.2 +/- 0.68 nmol/mg protein/min: P less than 0.001). The acid phosphatase level was lower (8.4+/- 4.0 vs. 5.8 +/- 2.2 nmol/mg protein/min: P less than 0.05) and the glucuronidase activity raised (0.44 +/- 0.17 vs 0.81 +/- 0.32 nmol/mg protein/min: P less than 0.001) and their ratio declined (24.0 +/- 1.9 nmol/mg protein/min: P less than 0.001) in patients with oesophagitis. This may be due to differential secretion of membrane coating granules, a form of lysosome found isophagitis--was assessed by point counting. The volume density rose from 10.9 +/- 4.25% in normal biopsies to 46.4+/-12.5% (P less than 0.001) in oesophagitis. These results show a consistent pattern that possibly indicates an intermediate stage between the clinically, histologically, and biochemically normal oesophagus and one that is inflamed on endoscopy.
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PMID:Changes in enzyme activity in normal and histologically inflamed oesophageal epithelium. 49 16

V-echinocandin (VER-002; LY303366) is a semisynthetic derivative of echinocandin B and a potent inhibitor of fungal (1, 3)-beta-D-glucan synthase. We studied the antifungal efficacy, the concentrations in saliva and tissue, and the safety of VER-002 at escalating dosages against experimental oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis caused by fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in immunocompromised rabbits. Study groups consisted of untreated controls, animals treated with VER-002 at 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg of body weight/day intravenously (i.v.), animals treated with fluconazole at 2 mg/kg/day i.v., or animals treated with amphotericin B at 0.3 mg/kg/day. VER-002-treated animals showed a significant dosage-dependent clearance of C. albicans from the tongue, oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum in comparison to that for untreated controls. VER-002 also was superior to amphotericin B and fluconazole in clearing the organism from all sites studied. These in vivo findings are consistent with the results of in vitro time-kill assays, which demonstrated that VER-002 has concentration-dependent fungicidal activity. Esophageal tissue VER-002 concentrations were dosage proportional and exceeded the MIC at all dosages. Echinocandin concentrations in saliva were greater than or equal to the MICs at all dosages. There was no elevation of serum hepatic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, potassium, or creatinine levels in VER-002-treated rabbits. In summary, the echinocandin VER-002 was well tolerated, penetrated the esophagus and salivary glands, and demonstrated dosage-dependent antifungal activity against fluconazole-resistant esophageal candidiasis in immunocompromised rabbits.
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PMID:Dosage-dependent antifungal efficacy of V-echinocandin (LY303366) against experimental fluconazole-resistant oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis. 1115 43

A histological and histochemical study was performed in the buccal cavity and papillae, which were around the teeth, as well as in the oesophagus and oesogaster of the Senegal sole, Solea senegalensis adult specimens. The oesophagus and oesogaster were made up of four distinct layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscular and serous. Two morphological types of epithelial cells were distinguishable in the oesophageal mucosa: the more numerous type cells possessed an electron-dense cytoplasm, whereas the cytoplasm was electron-clear in the other cells. Mucus-secreting cells were the dominant feature of the epithelium throughout the oesophagus. These goblet cells were filled with numerous mucous droplets of low electron-density. The oesophagus was devoid of taste buds. In the oesogaster mucosa, three types of cells were distinguished: dark, rodlet and light epithelial cells. Dark epithelial cells showed different characteristics from that in the oesophagus: the nucleus was irregular with an electron-dense hyaloplasm, the cytoplasm had a scarce smooth and granular endoplasmic reticulum; a Golgi apparatus consisted of four parallel cisternae, dense granules without membrane, lysosomes and numerous mitochondria. The rodlet cells were elongated, contained rod-like structures and were surrounded by an electron-dense capsule-like structure. The bulk of the rodlet cell was composed of up to 20 extended rodlet units. Light epithelial cells of the oesogaster had the same characteristics as those observed in the oesophagus and contained numerous mitochondria with a dense matrix, abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum and numerous vesicles. In the goblet cells of the papillae, sulfomucin was recognised, since they showed alcianophilia (alcian blue pH 1.0 and 0.5). These cells were negative to protein reaction (bromophenol blue) and contained -S-S- and SH groups. Enzymatic activities (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, ATPase (pH 7.2 and 9.4) and lipid reactions were negative in the goblet cells of the buccal cavity. Epithelial cells of oesophagus contained a weak presence of acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides. Oesophageal goblet cells contained carboxylated, sulphated (weakly and strongly ionised) mucosubstances and sialic acid. Most goblet cells did not contain proteins and presented disulphide (-S-S-) and sulphydril (-SH) groups. Proteins in general, and in particular those rich in lysine, tyrosine and arginine were present in the epithelium, lamina propria, submucosa and muscular layer of the oesophagus. Lipids in general and phospholipids were observed in the oesophageal epithelium while unsaturated, acid and neutral lipids were not observed. The lamina propria and submucosa contained a weak presence of phospholipids and unsaturated lipids. Acid phosphatase and ATPase (pH 7.2) activities were observed in the lamina propria, submucosa and muscular regions, while ATPase (pH 9.2) activity was weak in these areas. ATPase activity (pH 7.2 and 9.5) was very weak in the epithelium. Oesophageal goblet cells were negative to lipid and enzymatic reactions.
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PMID:A histological and histochemical study of the oesophagus and oesogaster of the Senegal sole, Solea senegalensis. 1175 14

Cell differentiation is very important but not well understood. In the present study the ability of various tissues to newly-differentiate when transplanted into the fundus or the duodenum in rats was tested. Pieces of esophagus, bladder, diaphragm and trachea from 8-week-old male F344 rats were transplanted into the gastric fundus or duodenum of females and examined after 3 or 6 months. While the diaphragm was not recognizable as a muscle layer in either the stomach or the duodenum, the esophagus and trachea persisted, the latter with the presence of cartilage. Esophagus grafts transplanted into the glandular stomach and duodenum, newly-differentiated into gastric and duodenal mucosa, respectively. Goblet cells with alcian-blue positive mucin appeared in bladder tissue implanted into the duodenum. Six months after the operation, their numbers had increased and cytoplasm alkaline phosphatase (ALP) positivity was noted. Gastrointestinal and also bladder stem cells may thus have multipotential ability for differentiation and may be able to newly-differentiate when transplanted into different environments in the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Acquisition of a gastric or duodenal phenotype on heterotropic transplantation of esophagus and bladder tissues in F344 rats. 1505 5