Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase)
 47,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors compare the two prostate specific antigen assay methods most widely used in France. The first method (RIA Baxter) uses an isotope marker (Iodine 125), the other (EIA Biotrol) uses an enzymatic marker (alkaline phosphatase). Prostate specific antigen was assayed by means of these two techniques in two groups of patients: one group of 49 men considered to be free of any prostatic disease, recruited from blood donors; another group of 89 male patients in whom a prostate specific antigen assay was performed prospectively at the first urology outpatients visit. The two prostate specific antigen assay techniques gave different results, but the values obtained by these two methods were not discordant. It is therefore possible to define a coefficient of proportionality of 1.45 regardless of the prostate specific antigen concentration or the urological disease considered (EIA Biotrol x 1.47 = RIA Baxter).
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PMID:[Prostate-specific antigen. Interpretation of the results in relation to the sampling method]. 172 Sep 42

The authors compare the two PSA assay methods most widely used in France. The first method (RIA Baxter) uses an isotope marker (Iodine 125), the other (EIA Biotrol) uses an enzymatic marker (alkaline phosphatase). PSA was assayed by means of these two techniques in 2 groups of patients: one group of 49 men considered to be free of any prostatic disease, recruited from blood donors; another group of 87 male patients in whom a PSA assay was performed prospectively at the first urology outpatients visit. The two PSA assay techniques gave different results, but the values obtained by these two methods were not discordant. It is therefore possible to define a coefficient of proportionality of 1.47 regardless of the PSA concentration or the urological disease considered (EIA Biotrol x 1.47 = RIA Baxter).
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PMID:[Prostatic specific antigen (PSA). Interpretation of results as a function of the assay method]. 172 42

The development of dyspnea, hematemesis, melaena and symptoms of shock following an apparently minor infection of the upper respiratory tract in a 37-year-old textile worker marked the onset of an acute threatening illness. Pleuracentesis revealed 3.8 l of hemorrhagic exudate. Chest x-rays showed a significant increase in mediastinal width. Conspicuous laboratory findings were hemoconcentration, anemia and leukocytosis, and increased serum activities for SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase. The infection occurred during an industrial epidemic of 24 cases of cutaneous anthrax, and the diagnosis of inhalation anthrax was based on the occupational exposure and a positive "Anthraxin" skin test which was later confirmed by EIA. The patient survived the usually fatal illness after treatment with antibiotics and prednisolone.
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PMID:[Inhalation anthrax in a textile worker: non-fatal course]. 190 38

The high turnover number of calf alkaline phosphatase (CAP) is one compelling reason for selecting it as the label in many enzyme immunoassays (EIA's). CAP's usefulness, however, is limited by its inherently low thermal stability which is even further compromised during the chemical preparation of enzyme: antibody conjugates. Bacterial alkaline phosphatase (BAP) could be an attractive alternative to CAP in view of the former's extreme thermotolerance at temperatures as high as 95 degrees C. BAP has not been commonly used in EIA's however, because of its low to moderate catalysis rate. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to overcome BAP's low enzymatic activity and create a protein possessing two desired characteristics: high thermostability and high specific activity. A3-35 fold increased activity over wild-type BAP was obtained in ten different recombinant (r)BAP's via introductions of single-point mutations. The turnover number of the most active mutant, D101S, was shown to be only 1.7-times lower than CAP. This dramatic improvement enables rBAP (D101S) to compete with CAP as a viable alternative label in EIA's. The thermostability of all ten rBAP remained significantly higher than CAP although none were as thermostable as the native BAP. Enzyme:antibody conjugates were prepared with the recombinant enzymes and compared to similarly prepared CAP:antibody conjugates with different Abbott IMx assay protocols and reagents. Excellent correlation between standard curves generated with CAP- and rBAP-containing conjugates were obtained. Furthermore, this correlation was obtained using concentrations of rBAP that were only two times greater than that of CAP. The thermostabilities of the conjugates were also evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Recombinant bacterial alkaline phosphatase as an immunodiagnostic enzyme. 192 45

Previous studies have shown that fast homoarginine-sensitive alkaline phosphatase (FHAP) is roughly equivalent to CEA (Roche) as a marker in colon cancer. The present study compares FHAP with CEA-EIA (Abbott) as a marker in cancer of the colon, breast, lung, ovary, uterus, skin, and lymph nodes. Comparison is made with regard to sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a positive test, and diagnostic efficiency. It was determined that FHAP and CEA-EIA were comparable as markers for cancers of the colon, breast, and lung. FHAP was more sensitive and specific and had a higher predictive value and diagnostic efficiency for cancers of the ovary, uterus, skin, and lymph nodes.
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PMID:A comparison of the predictive value and diagnostic efficiency of FHAP and CEA as cancer markers. 243 42

To-day, the possibility of researching alpha-fetoprotein is given not only by the RIA method but also some immunoenzymatic methods. The Authors have compared three types of methods: RIA, EIA and ELISA, and have also studied the correlation coefficient in 30 samples. Method in solid phase (coated-tubes) and mouse monoclonal antibodies are used for the radioimmunologic method. The ELISA method utilizes two monoclonal antibodies: the former is coated to the walls of the test tubes (mouse monoclonal antibodies) and the latter is labelled with bovine alkaline phosphatase. The EIA methods is a solid phase enzyme immunoassay based on the sandwich principle. It consists of beads coated of goat antibodies and goat anti-AFP antibodies conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. The correlation coefficient is: RIA-ELISA = r 0.95; RIA-EIA = r 0.93; EIA-ELISA = r 0.96. The correlation coefficient from both the RIA method (taken as a reference) and the immunoenzymatic methods is good, so that the passage from RIA to enzymatic methods is possible without problems of under or above dosage of alpha-fetoprotein values.
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PMID:Correlation between RIA-EIA-ELISA methods for alpha-fetoprotein research. 248 Apr 6

Incomplete warm hemolysins (IWHs) form an independent class of red blood cell (RBC) autoantibodies. We studied eight sera in which autoantibodies with the characteristic features of IWHs were demonstrated. The case reports of those patients revealed that IWHs were predominantly associated with a serious course of autoimmune hemolytic disease. In four sera we found a combination of IWHs and cold agglutinins with the specificity anti-I. The cold agglutinins could be separated from the IWHs by affinity chromatography with immobilized I-active RBC material. The binding of IWHs to RBCs was demonstrated on the RBC surface with a modified enzyme-linked immunoassay (APAAP-EIA: monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin antibodies + bridging antibody + alkaline phosphatase/anti-alkaline phosphatase complexes). With the APAAP-EIA technique and different primary anti-immunoglobulin antibodies we found that seven sera contained IgM-IWHs and one contained IgG-IWHs. In three sera, IgM-IWHs with monotypical kappa light chains were detected.
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PMID:Incomplete warm hemolysins. I. Case reports, serology, and immunoglobulin classes. 249 9

1. Two monoclonal antibodies, MA54 and MA61, were established by immunizing with culture medium supernatants of a lung adenocarcinoma cell line, and a double determinants sandwich enzyme immunoassay system (MKS-15) was developed by using these two monoclonal antibodies. The antigen recognized by this assay (CA54/61) was found in the sera of 54% of all ovarian cancer cases and 55% of mucinous cystoadenocarcinoma cases, but in 4% of benign ovarian cystoadenoma cases: 85% of ovarian cancers were positive by the combination assay of MA 54/61 and CA125, indicating the clinical usefulness of CA54/61. 2. Galactosyl transferase isozyme II (GT-II) was assayed by a newly developed system, and it was found that 74% of ovarian cancers were positive and the value GT-II was very high in 6 of 9 mesonephroid cases, indicating its histological type specificity. 3. Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) was assayed by two kinds of newly developed EIA kits, and it was found that PLAP was high in more than 50% of serous cystoadenocarcinomas, but in 7% of benign ovarian tumors, indicating its cancer specificities.
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PMID:[The usefulness and limitation of sugar antigen in ovarian cancers--with special reference to a new tumor marker, CA54/61]. 249 63

A technique (Ig-EIA) for the detection of CMV-specific IgG, IgM and IgA in human blood is described. Ig-EIA utilizes alkaline phosphatase-labeled goat anti-human IgG, IgM and IgA as a detection probe and CMV antigen-coated solid phase from commercial kits. Ig-EIA is compared to indirect fluorescent assay (IFA) and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) for sensitivity and specificity. On sequential samples of blood from a set of patients, Ig-EIA clearly demonstrated seroconversion in CMV-specific IgG and IgM. A test of 332 blood donors by Ig-EIA showed 177 (53%) had CMV-specific IgG and 17 (5%) had CMV IgM. Only two of the 17 donors with CMV IgM were nonreactive for CMV-IgG. The potential of CMV-IgM as an indicator of CMV infectivity is discussed.
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PMID:A test for human cytomegalovirus-specific immunoglobulins using a modification of a commercial test kit. 303 Nov 14

The development of a competitive microtitration plate enzyme-immunoassay for monitoring trenbolone application to animals is described. 'Bridge heterology' was achieved with a rabbit antibody raised against 17 beta-trenbolone-hemisuccinate-BSA and 17 alpha-trenbolone glucuronide-alkaline phosphatase as a tracer. The required 17 alpha-trenbolone glucuronide was prepared by application of trenbolone acetate to a calf following isolation from urine by three HPLC steps. The glucuronide was linked to alkaline phosphatase by the mixed anhydride procedure. The EIA was performed by coating affinity purified sheep IgG antirabbit IgG to the microtitration plate well followed by the addition of sample, tracer and hormone-specific antibody. The absolute detection limit was less than 1 pg; 50% relative binding at approximately 3 pg which is about 20 times superior to our RIA. The sample blanks of purified extracts from urine, bile, faeces, liver and muscle were similar in both methods (EIA and RIA) and much lower than required for a reliable detection of positive samples. Assay variations were always less than 15%. For the EIA, radiolabelled trenbolone, which is not commercially available, is not necessary and according to our experience the EIA is more practicable and economic.
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PMID:Development of a sensitive microtitration plate enzyme-immunoassay for the anabolic steroid trenbolone. 359 22


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